Common typographical characters

typography.md

Cheatsheet of common typographical characters (not an exhaustive reference). HTML character references listed are decimal numeric character references, which are the base-10 equivalent of their corresponding base-16 (hexadecimal) Unicode code point. Also see named character references.

Quotations

Glyph	HTML reference	Name
‘	‘	Left single quotation mark
’	’	Right single quotation mark/apostrophe
“	“	Left double quotation mark
”	”	Right double quotation mark
'	'	Typewriter single quotation mark
"	"	Typewriter double quotation mark
′	′	Prime (feet/minutes)
″	″	Double prime (inches/seconds)
‴	‴	Triple prime (1/60 of second of arc)
‚	‚	Single low-9 quotation mark
„	„	Double low-9 quotation mark
‹	‹	Single angle quote left (single guillemet left)
›	›	Single angle quote right (single guillemet right)
«	«	Double angle quote left (double guillemet left)
»	»	Double angle quote right (double guillemet right)
「	「	Left corner bracket (outermost)
」	」	Right corner bracket (outermost)
『	『	Left corner bracket (innermost)
』	』	Right corner bracket (innermost)
̏	̏	Double grave accent
´	´	Acute accent with no letter
˝	˝	Double acute accent

Punctuation

Glyph	HTML reference	Name
.	.	Full stop (period)
&	&	Ampersand
-	-	Hyphen-minus (typewriter artifact)
‐	‐	Hyphen (compound modifier)
‒	‒	Figure dash (phone number)
–	–	En dash (range of numbers)
—	—	Em dash (dramatic pause)
…	…	Ellipsis (three dot leader)
¡	¡	Inverted exclamation mark
¿	¿	Inverted question mark
‽	‽	Interrobang (?! combination)
⸮	⸮	Irony
•	•	Bullet (black small circle)
·	·	Middle dot/Interpunct (multiplication/£1·50)
‧	‧	Hyphenation point (dictionary definition)
¶	¶	Pilcrow (paragraph)
․	․	One dot leader (table of contents)

Ligatures

Glyph	HTML reference	Name
ff	ff	Latin small ligature ff
fi	fi	Latin small ligature fi
fl	fl	Latin small ligature fl
ſt	ſt	Latin small ligature long ft
ffi	ffi	Latin small ligature ffi
ffl	ffl	Latin small ligature ffl
st	st	Latin small ligature st
Æ	Æ	Latin capital letter AE
æ	æ	Latin small letter ae
Œ	Œ	Latin capital ligature Oe
œ	œ	Latin small ligature oe
ᵫ	ᵫ	Latin small ligature ue
IJ	IJ	Capital IJ ligature
ij	ij	Lowercase ij ligature
ß	ß	Small sharp s, German (fs/fz ligature)

Diacritics

Glyph	HTML reference	Name
á	á	Lower-case "a" with acute accent
é	é	Lower-case "e" with acute accent
í	í	Lower-case "i" with acute accent
ó	ó	Lower-case "o" with acute accent
ú	ú	Lower-case "u" with acute accent
ä	ä	Lower-case "a" with diaeresis
ë	ë	Lower-case "e" with diaeresis
ï	ï	Lower-case "i" with diaeresis
ö	ö	Lower-case "o" with diaeresis
ü	ü	Lower-case "u" with diaeresis
ñ	ñ	Lower-case "n" with tilde
ç	ç	Lower-case "c" with cedilla

Numbers

Glyph	HTML reference	Name
+	+	Plus symbol (addition)
−	−	Minus symbol (subtraction)
×	×	Times symbol (multiplication)
÷	÷	Obelus symbol (division)
±	±	Plus/minus symbol
<	&#60;	Less-than symbol
>	&#62;	Greater-than symbol
≤	&#8804;	Less-than-or-equal-to symbol
≥	&#8805;	Greater-than-or-equal-to symbol
=	&#60;	Equal symbol
≠	&#8800;	Not-equal-to symbol
≈	&#8776;	Approximately equal-to symbol
¹	&#185;	Superscript 1 (<sup>1</sup> preferable)
²	&#178;	Superscript 2 (<sup>2</sup> preferable)
³	&#179;	Superscript 3 (<sup>3</sup> preferable)
√	&#8730;	Square root
⁄	&#8260;	Fraction slash (solidus)
∅	&#8709;	Empty set
°	&#176;	Degree
‰	&#8240;	Per mil
№	&#8470;	Number symbol
∞	&#8734;	Infinity

Fractions

Glyph	HTML reference	Name
½	½	Half fraction
⅓	⅓	One-third fraction
⅔	⅔	Two-thirds fraction
¼	¼	Quarter fraction
¾	¾	Three-quarters fraction
⅕	⅕	One-fifth fraction
⅖	⅖	Two-fifths fraction
⅗	⅗	Three-fifths fraction
⅘	⅘	Four-fifths fraction
⅙	⅙	One-sixth fraction
⅚	⅚	Five-sixths fraction
⅛	⅛	One-eighth fraction
⅜	⅜	Three-eighths fraction
⅝	⅝	Five-eighths fraction
⅞	⅞	Seven-eighths fraction

Currency

Glyph	HTML reference	Name
¢	¢	Cent
£	£	Pound sterling
€	€	Euro
¥	¥	Yen
¤	¤	Currency

Symbols

Glyph	HTML reference	Name
℅	℅	Care of
℞	℞	Pharmaceutical
©	©	Copyright symbol
®	®	Registered symbol
℗	℗	Sound recording copyright
™	™	Trademark symbol
℠	℠	Service mark symbol
§	§	Section symbol
†	†	Dagger
‡	‡	Double dagger
★	★	Black star
☆	☆	White star
☺	☺	Smiley face
☹	☹	Frowning face
♠	♠	Filled spade suit
♣	♣	Filled club suit
♥	♥	Filled heart suit
♦	♦	Filled diamond suit
⁝	⁝	Tricolon
☰	☰	Trigram for Heaven

Keys

Glyph	HTML reference	Name
		Apple
⌘	⌘	Command
⇧	⇧	Shift
⌥	⌥	Option
⌃	⌃	Control
↩	↩	Return
⌫	⌫	Delete
⌦	⌦	Erase to the right (forward delete)
↑	↑	Up arrow
↓	↓	Down arrow
←	←	Left arrow
→	→	Right arrow
⇞	⇞	Page up
⇟	⇟	Page down
↖	↖	North west arrow (top/home)
↗	↗	North east arrow
↘	↘	South east arrow (end)
↙	↙	South west arrow
⇤	⇤	Leftwards arrow to bar (tab left)
⇥	⇥	Rightwards arrow to bar (tab right)
⎋	⎋	Broken circle with northwest arrow (escape/esc)
⇪	⇪	Caps lock
⏏	⏏	Eject

Spaces

Glyph	HTML reference	Name
	 	Space
	 	Non-breaking space
	 	En space
	 	Em space
	 	3-per-em space
	 	4-per-em space
	 	6-per-em space
	 	Figure space
	 	Punctuation space
	 	Thin space
	 	Hair space
	​	Zero-width space
	 	Narrow, non-breaking space

THX！