csl.rnc

namespace atom = "http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom"
namespace cs = "http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl"
namespace dc = "http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
namespace s = "http://www.ascc.net/xml/schematron"
namespace xhtml = "http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"

dc:title [ "Citation Style Language" ]
dc:creator [ "Bruce D'Arcus" ]
dc:creator [ "Simon Kornblith" ]
dc:copyright [ "Bruce D'Arcus and Simon Kornblith, 2007" ]
dc:rights [ "Permission to freely use, copy and distribute." ]
dc:description [
  "Citation Style Language (CSL) schema for describing bibliographic and citation formatting."
]
start = style

## The CSL data model consists of resources and variables. Primary resources are the 
## citation object itself, as well as related agents and events. Variables are 
## attributes of the resource: titles, dates, volume numbers, and so forth. From the 
## perspective of CSL, resources templates involve a list of variables. By contrast, 
## a variable can be accessed directly.
## In addition, CSL also contains structures for macros and parameter options.
div {
  style =
    element cs:style {
      attribute xml:lang { xsd:language }?,
      
      ## Refers to the default locale for the style; should generally 
      ## be set for any academic journal, since it can be used to ensure 
      ## proper quote formatting and such.
      attribute default-locale { xsd:language }?,
      attribute class { "in-text" | "note" },
      info,
      (terms? & macro* & citation & bibliography?)?
    }
}

## info element
div {
  
  ## The Content model for the metadata is borrowed from Atom.
  info =
    element cs:info {
      info-author*
      & info-category*
      & info-contributor*
      & info-id
      & info-issn?
      & info-link*
      & info-published?
      & info-rights?
      & info-source?
      & info-summary?
      & info-title
      & info-updated
    }
  info-text =
    attribute xml:lang { xsd:language }?,
    text
  info-author = element cs:author { info-Contributor-pattern }
  info-Contributor-pattern =
    element cs:name { text }
    & element cs:email { text }?
    & element cs:uri { xsd:anyURI }?
  div {
    
    ## The schema attribute should be understood to specify the controlled 
    ## CSL category list. The terms thus typically include further logic, 
    ## such as the broader categories to which they belong ("humanities", 
    ## "social sciences") as well as the class of style ("author-date", "note", etc.).
    info-category =
      element cs:category {
        attribute term { info-fields | info-classes },
        attribute scheme { xsd:anyURI }?,
        attribute label { text }?
      }
    
    ## Add one or more field categories. The "generic-base" category is reserved 
    ## for the handful of truly generic styles (APA, Harvard, etc.) from which most descend.
    info-fields =
      "anthropology"
      | "astronomy"
      | "biology"
      | "botany"
      | "chemistry"
      | "communications"
      | "engineering"
      | "generic-base"
      | "geography"
      | "geology"
      | "history"
      | "humanities"
      | "law"
      | "linguistics"
      | "literature"
      | "math"
      | "medicine"
      | "philosophy"
      | "physics"
      | "psychology"
      | "sociology"
      | "science"
      | "political_science"
      | "social_science"
      | "theology"
      | "zoology"
      | info-categories.extension
    info-classes = "author-date" | "numeric" | "label" | "note" | "in-text"
    
    ## You can override in a customization schema, though please report 
    ## obvious gaps for inclusion in the schema.
    info-categories.extension = notAllowed
  }
  info-contributor = element cs:contributor { info-Contributor-pattern }
  info-translator = element cs:translator { info-Contributor-pattern }
  
  ## As in Atom, the cs:id element is a required URI that is globally-unique 
  ## and persistant. Once assigned it should never change. Ideally, of course, 
  ## the URI resolves to the correct CSL file.
  info-id = element cs:id { string }
  info-link =
    element cs:link {
      attribute href { xsd:anyURI },
      
      ## For transformation to Atom, the rel values should be expanded to include the 
      ## base URI <http://purl.org/net/xbiblio/csl/relations#>.
      attribute rel {
        
        ## The CSL file URI whose configuration content should be 
        ## used for processing. To be used where, for example, a 
        ## journal may use a generic publisher style that is shared 
        ## with other journals.
        "source"
        | 
          ## The CSL file URI on which the style is based. Since most 
          ## styles are based on a handful of core styles, this can be 
          ## useful metadata to see those relationships.
          "template"
        | 
          ## The homepage URI for the style.
          "homepage"
        | 
          ## A documentation URI for a style.
          "documentation"
      }?,
      # type borrows from Atom schema pattern
      
      ## media-type
      attribute type {
        xsd:string { pattern = ".+/.+" }
      }?,
      attribute hreflang { xsd:language }?,
      attribute title { text }?,
      attribute length { text }?,
      string
    }
  info-published = element cs:published { xsd:dateTime }
  info-rights = element cs:rights { info-text }
  info-source = element cs:source { info-title & info-link? & info-id }
  info-summary = element cs:summary { info-text }
  info-title = element cs:title { info-text }
  ## the issn for the journal the style corresponds to
  # might use a regular expression pattern to validate content?
  info-issn = element cs:issn { text }
  info-updated = element cs:updated { xsd:dateTime? }
}

## Terms and forms
div {
  cs-terms =
    
    ## Miscellaneous Terms
    "accessed"
    | "anonymous"
    | "and"
    | "and others"
    | "at"
    | "et-al"
    | "forthcoming"
    | "from"
    | "in press"
    | "ibid"
    | "in"
    | "no date"
    | "references"
    | "retrieved"
    | "letter"
    | "interview"
    | "online"
    | "cited"
    | "edition"
    | "internet"
    | "presented at"
    | 
      ## Roles
      "editor"
    | "translator"
    | "interviewer"
    | "recipient"
    | 
      ## Months
      "month-01"
    | "month-02"
    | "month-03"
    | "month-04"
    | "month-05"
    | "month-06"
    | "month-07"
    | "month-08"
    | "month-09"
    | "month-10"
    | "month-11"
    | "month-12"
    | 
      ## Other
      cs-terms.locator
    | cs-terms.extension
    | info-fields
  
  ## Locators
  cs-terms.locator =
    "book"
    | "chapter"
    | "column"
    | "figure"
    | "folio"
    | "issue"
    | "line"
    | "note"
    | "opus"
    | "page"
    | 
      ## a synonym for "page" (to be deprecated)
      "page-range"
    | "page-first"
    | "paragraph"
    | "part"
    | "section"
    | "sub verbo"
    | "volume"
    | "verse"
  
  ## "symbol" and reverts to "short" if no term exists
  ## "verb-short" reverts to "verb" if no term exists
  ## all others revert to "long" if no term exists
  cs-term-forms = "long" | "verb" | "short" | "verb-short" | "symbol" | cs-term-forms.extension
  
  ## include-period adds a period after a term if and only if the
  ## term used (not necessarily term specified; see above) is
  ## of form "short" or "verb-short"
  include-period = attribute include-period { xsd:boolean }?
  
  ## Extension structures. You may override these in a customization 
  ## schema. If you do, please contact the xbiblio project to add 
  ## the term or form to the formal controlled list in the schema.
  div {
    cs-terms.extension = notAllowed
    cs-term-forms.extension = notAllowed
  }
}

## Locales
div {
  
  ## Terms are localized strings used as content for the cs:text field. 
  ## It is only needed where you need to add a term not supported by 
  ## default, or override an existing one.
  terms = element cs:terms { locale+ }
  
  ## A language-specific wrapper.
  locale =
    element cs:locale {
      
      ## Where localization is other than that of the style, use the 
      ## xml:lang attribute.
      attribute xml:lang { xsd:language }?,
      (simple-term | compound-term)+
    }
  term-attributes =
    attribute form { cs-term-forms }?,
    attribute name { cs-terms },
    include-period
  
  ## Simple terms are basic strings, used to represent genres, media, etc.
  simple-term = element cs:term { term-attributes, text }
  
  ## Compound terms are those whose output can be either singular or plural. 
  ## Typically used for things like page number or editor labels.
  compound-term = element cs:term { term-attributes, single-term, multiple-term }
  multiple-term = element cs:multiple { text }
  single-term = element cs:single { text }
}

## Names is a data type holding a text of authors, editors, or translators.
div {
  names-attributes =
    formatting,
    delimiter,
    attribute variable {
      list { cs-names+ }
    }
  names = element cs:names { names-attributes, (name & name-label*), substitute? }
  
  ## Short version of "names" element, without children, allowed in <substitute>
  names-short = element cs:names { names-attributes }
  name =
    element cs:name {
      formatting,
      
      ## Indicates long (first name + last name, for Western names) or short
      ## (last name only, for Western names) form of name. Default is long
      ## form
      attribute form { "long" | "short" }?,
      
      ## Controls appearance of "and"/"&". To disable, do not specify.
      attribute and { "text" | "symbol" }?,
      
      ## Delimiter between names (delimiter between variables is on <names>
      ## tag, where it should be). This is ", " in "J. Doe, S. Smith."
      delimiter,
      
      ## delimiter for the last name is a list
      attribute delimiter-precedes-last {
        
        ## The "always" value means that result is "J. Doe, and T. Timmons"
        "always"
        | 
          ## Default behavior; would result in "J. Doe and T. Timmons," but "J. Doe,
          ## S. Smith, and T. Timmons" (note comma preceding 'and').
          "never"
      }?,
      
      ## Sets the first-author name order to correspond to the sort order of
      ## the bibliography; e.g. Doe, John (name-as-sort-order) vs. John Doe (w/o
      ## attribute).
      attribute name-as-sort-order { "first" | "all" }?,
      
      ## The delimiter for personal name parts where sort order differs from 
      ## display order (for example, in standard Western names). This is the
      ## ", " in "Doe, John."
      attribute sort-separator { text }?,
      
      ## Indicates whether given name parts ought to be given as initials
      ## (e.g., J. K. Rowling) and the text to follow each initial.
      attribute initialize-with { text }?
    }
  
  ## Similar to label as below, but inherits variable from <names> tag
  name-label = element cs:label { label-primitives }
  
  ## Substitutions, if the name does not exist
  substitute = element cs:substitute { (names-short | cs-element)+ }
  cs-names =
    "author"
    | "editor"
    | "translator"
    | "recipient"
    | "interviewer"
    | "publisher"
    | "composer"
    | "original-publisher"
    | "original-author"
    | 
      ## to be used when citing a section of a book, for example, to distinguish the author 
      ## proper from the author of the containing work
      "container-author"
    | 
      ## use for series editor
      "collection-editor"
}

## date
div {
  date =
    element cs:date {
      attribute variable {
        list { cs-date-tokens+ }
      },
      formatting,
      delimiter,
      date-part+
    }
  date-part = element cs:date-part { formatting, (month | day | year-other) }
  
  ## Month formats:
  ##     long (default): January
  ##     short: Jan
  ##     numeric: 1
  ##     numeric-leading-zeros: 01
  month =
    attribute name { "month" },
    (attribute form { "long" | "short" | "numeric" | "numeric-leading-zeros" }?,
     include-period)
  
  ## Day formats:
  ##     numeric (default): 5
  ##     numeric-leading-zeros: 05
  ##     ordinal: 5th
  day =
    attribute name { "day" },
    attribute form { "numeric" | "numeric-leading-zeros" | "ordinal" }?
  
  ## Year formats:
  ##     long (default): 2005
  ##     short: 05
  ## Other represents any non-month/day/year date part
  year-other =
    attribute name { "year" | "other" },
    attribute form { "short" | "long" }?
  cs-date-tokens = "issued" | "event" | "accessed" | "container" | "original-date" | "submitted"
}

## The cs:text element is the main formatting element used to layout down content.
div {
  cs-text =
    element cs:text {
      formatting,
      ((((
          ## adds a variable belonging to this item
          attribute variable {
            list { variables+ }
          }
          & delimiter)
         | 
           ## adds the results of a macro, as specified in the main body of the CSL
           attribute macro { token }
         | 
           ## A descriptor that locates sub-item content within a cited resource. Used
           ## in some styles to indicate specific page numbers for excerpted
           ## content, for example.
           attribute point-locator { cs-terms.locator }),
        attribute form { "short" | "long" }?)
       | (
          ## adds a localized term
          attribute term { cs-terms },
          attribute form { cs-term-forms }?,
          include-period,
          plural?)
       | 
         ## adds the text in the value field. use sparingly.
         ## when dealing with localizable text, <text term="(term)"/> should be
         ## used, even if this means defining a new term.
         attribute value { text })
    }
  
  ## The number markup directive matches the first number found in a field, 
  ## and returns only that component. If no number is detected, the result 
  ## is empty. A non-empty number may be subject to further formatting consisting 
  ## of a form attribute whose value may be numeric, ordinal or roman to format 
  ## it as a simple number (the default), an ordinal number (1st, 2nd, 3rd etc) 
  ## or roman (i, ii, iii, iv etc). The text-case can also apply to capitalize 
  ## the roman numbers for instance. The other normal formatting rules apply 
  ## too (font-style, ...). When used in a conditional, number tests if 
  ## there is a number present, allowing conditional formatting.
  cs-number =
    element cs:number {
      formatting,
      attribute variable { "edition" | "volume" | "issue" | "number" | "number-of-volumes" },
      attribute form { "numeric" | "ordinal" | "roman" }?
    }
  variables =
    
    ## the primary title for the cited item
    "title"
    | 
      ## the secondary title for the cited item; for a book chapter, this 
      ## would be a book title, for an article the journal title, etc.
      "container-title"
    | 
      ## the tertiary title for the cited item; for example, a series title
      "collection-title"
    | 
      ## collection number; for example, series number
      "collection-number"
    | 
      ## title of a related original version; often useful in cases of translation
      "original-title"
    | 
      ## the name of the publisher
      "publisher"
    | 
      ## the location of the publisher
      "publisher-place"
    | 
      ## the name of the archive
      "archive"
    | 
      ## the location of the archive
      "archive-place"
    | 
      ## the location within an archival collection (for example, box and folder)
      "archive_location"
    | 
      ## issuing authority (for patents) or judicial authority (such as court  
      ## for legal cases)
      "authority"
    | 
      ## the name or title of a related event such as a conference or hearing
      "event"
    | 
      ## the location or place for the related event
      "event-place"
    | 
      ##
      "page"
    | 
      ## a description to locate an item within some larger container or 
      ## collection; a volume or issue number is a kind of locator, for example.
      "locator"
    | 
      ## version description
      "version"
    | 
      ## volume number for the container periodical
      "volume"
    | 
      ## refers to the number of items in multi-volume books and such
      "number-of-volumes"
    | 
      ## refers to the number of pages in a book or other document
      "number-of-pages"
    | 
      ## the issue number for the container publication
      "issue"
    | 
      ##
      "chapter-number"
    | 
      ## medium description (DVD, CD, etc.)
      "medium"
    | 
      ## the (typically publication) status of an item; for example "forthcoming"
      "status"
    | 
      ## an edition description
      "edition"
    | 
      ## a section description (for newspapers, etc.)
      "section"
    | 
      ##
      "genre"
    | 
      ## a short inline note, often used to refer to additional details of the resource
      "note"
    | 
      ## notes made by a reader about the content of the resource
      "annote"
    | 
      ##
      "abstract"
    | 
      ##
      "keyword"
    | 
      ## a document number; useful for reports and such
      "number"
    | 
      ## for related referenced resources; this is here for legal case 
      ## histories, but may be relevant for other contexts.
      "references"
    | 
      ##
      "URL"
    | 
      ##
      "DOI"
    | 
      ##
      "ISBN"
    | 
      ##
      "call-number"
    | 
      ## the number used for the in-text citation mark in numeric styles
      "citation-number"
    | 
      ## the label used for the in-text citation mark in label styles
      "citation-label"
    |
      ## The number of a preceding note containing the first reference to
      ## this item. Relevant only for note-based styles, and null for first references.
      "first-reference-note-number"
    |
      ## The year suffix for author-date styles; e.g. the 'a' in '1999a'.
      "year-suffix"
}
## The cs:label element.
div {
  
  ## The label element is used to print text terms that depend on document content
  ## for pluralization. For labeling pages, this is preferable, as pages may be
  ## either singular or plural (p. or pp.)
  label =
    element cs:label {
      label-primitives,
      attribute variable { "page" | "locator" }
    }
  label-primitives =
    formatting,
    include-period?,
    attribute form { cs-term-forms },
    
    ## On cs:label, use to modify default pluralization behavior. 
    plural?
  
  ## modifies plualization behavior [ a:defaultValue = "contextual" ]
  plural = attribute plural { xsd:boolean }
}

## The cs:macro element
div {
  
  ## The macro element works something like in BibTeX, and provides a ready-made 
  ## bundle of formatting templates that can be easily reusesd elsewhere.
  macro =
    element cs:macro {
      attribute name { token },
      cs-element+
    }
}

## The cs:group element
div {

  ## Group is used to provide delimiters and a common prefix/suffix. It is syntactic 
  ## sugar for a conditional that tests for the presence of any non-null child variable 
  ## or macro call results. So if there are no such results, then any <text term="(term)"> 
  ## content will not be printed.
  group =
    element cs:group {
      formatting,
      delimiter,
      ## the class attribute can be used to pass on styling hooks for CSS and such
      attribute class { token }?,
      cs-element+
    }
}
div {
  layout = element cs:layout { formatting, delimiter, cs-element }
  cs-element = (names | date | label | cs-text | cs-number | choose | group)+
}

## The cs:citation element
div {

  ## The cs:citation handles printing of citations. A citation may consist of 
  ## one-or-more references to bibliographic sources. These references can either 
  ## be simple in-text keys [doe99] or numeric markers [1], or more complex short 
  ## descriptors generated at runtime common in author-date (Doe, 1999a) or note-based
  ## styles.  
  ## note: one issue unique to note-based styles is that a citation reference 
  ## effectively may become a full sentence. Implementers should consider this in 
  ## their design and insert the final formatted citation in the correct title form.
  ## For example, if a citation is footnoted without any additional text, the first 
  ## character of the output should be uppercased. By contrast, if the citation is 
  ## within a pre-existing footnote, and preceded by non-citation text, then it should 
  ## be printed as is.
  citation = element cs:citation { (citation-options* & sort?), layout }
}

## The cs:bibliography element
div {
  bibliography = element cs:bibliography { (bibliography-options* & sort?), layout }
}

## The cs:option element
div {
  citation-options = et-al | et-al-subsequent | disambiguate | collapse
  bibliography-options =
    et-al | hanging-indent | second-field-align | subsequent-author-substitute | line-formatting | group-by
  
  ## Pattern for options that are either true or false
  option-tf = attribute value { xsd:boolean }

  ## Sorting and grouping by author assumes by default that the string includes the entire list 
  ## of authors. This option allows you to instead use first author only.
  group-by = 
    element cs:option {
      attribute name { "group-by" },
      attribute value { "first-author" }
    }
  
  ## sets the bibliographic entries to be rendered with hanging-indents
  hanging-indent =
    element cs:option {
      attribute name { "hanging-indent" },
      option-tf
    }
  
  ## "citation-number" collapses numeric citations from [1, 2, 3] to [1-3]
  ## "year" collapses authors from (Doe 2000, Doe 2001) to (Doe 2000,
  ##   2001)
  ## "year-suffix" collapses as "year", but also collapses (Doe 2000a,
  ##   Doe 2000b) to (Doe 2000a, b) (ignored if
  ##   disambiguate-add-year-suffix is missing)
  collapse =
    element cs:option {
      attribute name { "collapse" },
      attribute value { "citation-number" | "year" | "year-suffix" }
    }
  
  ## second-field-align is useful for formatting a numbered list. It aligns
  ## any subsequent lines of a bibliography entry with the beginning of the
  ## second field. For example, if the first field is
  ## <text variable="citation-number" suffix=". "/>
  ## 
  ## 1. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do
  ##    eiusmod
  ## 
  ## If set to "margin," then the first field is put in the margin and all
  ## subsequent lines of text are aligned with the margin. This is useful for
  ## IEEE style.
  second-field-align =
    element cs:option {
      attribute name { "second-field-align" },
      attribute value { "true" | "margin" }
    }
  
  ## substitutes subsequent recurrences of an author for a given string
  subsequent-author-substitute =
    element cs:option {
      attribute name { "subsequent-author-substitute" },
      attribute value { text }
    }
  
  ## defines parameters relating to "et al" formatting:
  ##     et-al-min: the minimum number of contributors to use "et al"
  ##     et-al-use-first: the number of contributors to explicitly print under
  ##          "et al" conditions
  ##     et-al-subsequent-*: same as above, but for subsequent references
  ##                         (citation only)
  et-al =
    element cs:option {
      attribute name { "et-al-min" | "et-al-use-first" },
      attribute value { xsd:integer }
    }
  et-al-subsequent =
    element cs:option {
      attribute name { "et-al-subsequent-min" | "et-al-subsequent-use-first" },
      attribute value { xsd:integer }
    }
  
  ## defines parameters relating to disambiguation, followed in the order given
  ## below until a citation is disambiguated
  ##     disambiguate-add-names: add additional names, disregarding
  ##          the "et-al" setting, to disambiguate the citations
  ##     disambiguate-add-givenname: add a given name to a citation
  ##          to disambiguate it (e.g., John Doe, 2005 vs. Doe, 2005)
  ##     disambiguate-add-year-suffix: add a suffix to the year (e.g.,
  ##          2007a) when there are two works by the same author published in
  ##          the same year included in one bibliography
  disambiguate =
    element cs:option {
      attribute name {
        "disambiguate-add-givenname" | "disambiguate-add-names" | "disambiguate-add-year-suffix" 
      },
      option-tf
    }
  # defines spacing between entries and between lines
  #     line-spacing: in units of lines; default 1
  #     entry-spacing: in units of line-spacing; default 1
  line-formatting =
    element cs:option {
      attribute name { "line-spacing" | "entry-spacing" },
      attribute value { xsd:integer }
    }
}

## The cs:sort element
div {
  all-variables = variables | cs-date-tokens | cs-names
  
  ## The sort element specifies the sort order for a citation or for the
  ## bibliography. If it is not added, citations are sorted according to user
  ## preferences, and bibliography is sorted according to order cited.
  sort = element cs:sort { key+ }
  key =
    element cs:key {
      (attribute variable { all-variables }
       | attribute macro { token }),
      
      ## Default sort order is ascending
      attribute sort { "ascending" | "descending" }?
    }
}

## The cs:choose element
div {
  
  ## The choose elements provides a simple conditional structure.
  choose = element cs:choose { if, else-if*, else? }
  if = element cs:if { condition, cs-element* }
  else-if = element cs:else-if { condition, cs-element* }
  else = element cs:else { cs-element+ }
  condition =
    
    ## If the entry is of a given type, this is true
    attribute type {
      list { cs-types+ }
    }?,
    
    ## If a given variable exists, this is true
    attribute variable {
      list { all-variables+ }
    }?,
    
    ## If a given variable contains numeric data, this is true
    attribute is-numeric {
      list { all-variables+ }
    }?,
    
    ## If a given variable contains a date, this s true
    attribute is-date {
      list { all-variables+ }
    }?,
    
    ## The position of a citation. Whenever position="ibid-with-locator"
    ## is true, position="ibid" is also true, and whenever position="ibid"
    ## is true, position="subsequent" is also true
    attribute position {
      list { ("first" | "subsequent" | "ibid" | "ibid-with-locator")+ }
    }?,
    
    ## If text inside an <if disambiguate="true"> block can be used to
    ## differentiate two otherwise identical citations, it will be added.
    ## If the citations remain identical after its addition, it will not
    ## be added.
    attribute disambiguate { xsd:boolean }?,
    
    ## A conditional on the locator for this specific entry
    attribute locator { 
       list { cs-terms.locator+ } 
    }?,
    attribute match { "all" | "any" | "none" }?
}

## variables and types; needs some more thought
div {
  cs-types =
    "article"
    | "article-magazine"
    | "article-newspaper"
    | "article-journal"
    | "bill"
    | "book"
    | "broadcast"
    | "chapter"
    | "entry"
    | "entry-dictionary"
    | "entry-encyclopedia"
    | "figure"
    | "graphic"
    | "interview"
    | "legislation"
    | "legal_case"
    | "manuscript"
    | "map"
    | "motion_picture"
    | "musical_score"
    | "pamphlet"
    | "paper-conference"
    | "patent"
    | "post"
    | "post-weblog"
    | "personal_communication"
    | "report"
    | "review"
    | "review-book"
    | "song"
    | "speech"
    | "thesis"
    | "treaty"
    | "webpage"
}

## Formatting attributes.
div {
  delimiter = attribute delimiter { text }?
  
  ## attributes are drawn directly from CSS and FO where possible
  formatting =
    attribute prefix { text }?,
    attribute suffix { text }?,
    attribute font-family { text }?,
    attribute font-style { "italic" | "normal" | "oblique" }?,
    attribute font-variant { "normal" | "small-caps" }?,
    attribute font-weight { "normal" | "bold" | "light" }?,
    attribute text-decoration { "none" | "underline" }?,
    attribute vertical-align { "baseline" | "sup" | "sub" }?,
    attribute text-case {
      
      ## display all text as lowercase
      "lowercase"
      | 
        ## display all text as uppercase
        "uppercase"
      | 
        ## capitalize first character; other characters
        ## displayed as is
        "capitalize-first"
      | 
        ## capitalize first character of every word;
        ## other characters displayed lowercase
        "capitalize-all"
      | 
        ## display as title case (the Chicago Manual
        ## of Style calls this "headline style")
        "title"
      | 
        ## display as sentence case/sentence style
        "sentence"
    }?,
    
    ## For examples such as abstracts and notes in annotated bibliographies 
    ## use the "block" display value. Otherwise, content is displayed inline.
    attribute display { "block" | "inline-block" }?,
    attribute quotes { xsd:boolean }?
}