- Speech recognition , Natural language processing
- Computer vision
- Medical outcomes analysis
- Robot control
- Computational biology
- Sensor networks
- Finance Strategies
- ...
- Improved machine learning algorithms
- Improved data capture, networking, faster computers
- Software too complex to write by hand
- New sensors / IO devices
- Demand for self-customization to user, environment
- What are good hypothesis spaces ?
- How to find best hypothesis ? ( algorithms/ complexity )
- How to optimize for accuracy of unseen testing data ?
- Can we have confidence in results ?
- How much data is needed ?
- How to model applications as ML problems ?