Compact example of how to use openSSL with self signed (no password) keys/certificates, DTLS and memory BIOs

ssl_test2.c

/* 

    Create server/client self-signed certificate/key (self signed, DONT ADD PASSWORD) 

    openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3650 -nodes -keyout client-key.pem -out client-cert.pem
    openssl req -x509 -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3650 -nodes -keyout server-key.pem -out server-cert.pem

*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <openssl/err.h>
#include <openssl/dh.h>
#include <openssl/ssl.h>
#include <openssl/conf.h>
#include <openssl/engine.h>

/* SSL debug */
#define SSL_WHERE_INFO(ssl, w, flag, msg) {                \
    if(w & flag) {                                         \
      printf("+ %s: ", name);                              \
      printf("%20.20s", msg);                              \
      printf(" - %30.30s ", SSL_state_string_long(ssl));   \
      printf(" - %5.10s ", SSL_state_string(ssl));         \
      printf("\n");                                        \
    }                                                      \
  } 

typedef void(*info_callback)();

typedef struct {
  SSL_CTX* ctx;                                                                       /* main ssl context */
  SSL* ssl;                                                                           /* the SSL* which represents a "connection" */
  BIO* in_bio;                                                                        /* we use memory read bios */
  BIO* out_bio;                                                                       /* we use memory write bios */
  char name[512];
} krx;

void krx_begin();                                                                     /* initialize SSL */
void krx_end();                                                                       /* shutdown SSL */
int krx_ssl_ctx_init(krx* k, const char* keyname);                                    /* initialize the SSL_CTX */
int krx_ssl_init(krx* k, int isserver, info_callback cb);                             /* init the SSL* (the "connection"). we use the `isserver` to tell SSL that it should either use the server or client protocol */
int krx_ssl_shutdown(krx* k);                                                         /* cleanup SSL allocated mem */
int krx_ssl_verify_peer(int ok, X509_STORE_CTX* ctx);                                 /* we set the SSL_VERIFY_PEER option on the SSL_CTX, so that the server will request the client certificate. We can use the certificate to get/verify the fingerprint */
int krx_ssl_handle_traffic(krx* from, krx* to);

/* some debug info */
void krx_ssl_server_info_callback(const SSL* ssl, int where, int ret);                /* purely for debug purposes; logs server info. */
void krx_ssl_client_info_callback(const SSL* ssl, int where, int ret);                /* client info callback */
void krx_ssl_info_callback(const SSL* ssl, int where, int ret, const char* name);     /* generic info callback */

int main() {

  /* startup SSL */
  krx_begin();

  /* create client/server objects */
  krx server;
  krx client;

  /* init server. */
  if(krx_ssl_ctx_init(&server, "server") < 0) {
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  if(krx_ssl_init(&server, 1, krx_ssl_server_info_callback) < 0) {
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  printf("+ Initialized server.\n");

  /* init client. */
  if(krx_ssl_ctx_init(&client, "client") < 0) {
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }
  if(krx_ssl_init(&client, 0, krx_ssl_client_info_callback) < 0) {
    exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
  }

  printf("+ Initialized client.\n");

  /* kickoff handshake; initiated by client (e.g. browser) */
  SSL_do_handshake(client.ssl);
  krx_ssl_handle_traffic(&client, &server); 
  krx_ssl_handle_traffic(&server, &client); 
  krx_ssl_handle_traffic(&client, &server); 
  krx_ssl_handle_traffic(&server, &client); 

  /* encrypt some data and send it to the client */
  char buf[521] = { 0 } ;
  sprintf(buf, "%s", "Hello world");
  SSL_write(server.ssl, buf, sizeof(buf));
  krx_ssl_handle_traffic(&server, &client);

  krx_ssl_shutdown(&server);
  krx_ssl_shutdown(&client);

  krx_end();
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

void krx_begin() {
  SSL_library_init();
  SSL_load_error_strings();
  ERR_load_BIO_strings();
  OpenSSL_add_all_algorithms();
}

void krx_end() {
  ERR_remove_state(0);
  ENGINE_cleanup();
  CONF_modules_unload(1);
  ERR_free_strings();
  EVP_cleanup();
  sk_SSL_COMP_free(SSL_COMP_get_compression_methods());
  CRYPTO_cleanup_all_ex_data();
}

int krx_ssl_ctx_init(krx* k, const char* keyname) {

  int r = 0;

  /* create a new context using DTLS */
  k->ctx = SSL_CTX_new(DTLSv1_method());
  if(!k->ctx) {
    printf("Error: cannot create SSL_CTX.\n");
    ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
    return -1;
  }

  /* set our supported ciphers */
  r = SSL_CTX_set_cipher_list(k->ctx, "ALL:!ADH:!LOW:!EXP:!MD5:@STRENGTH");
  if(r != 1) {
    printf("Error: cannot set the cipher list.\n");
    ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
    return -2;
  }

  /* the client doesn't have to send it's certificate */
  SSL_CTX_set_verify(k->ctx, SSL_VERIFY_PEER, krx_ssl_verify_peer);

  /* enable srtp */
  r = SSL_CTX_set_tlsext_use_srtp(k->ctx, "SRTP_AES128_CM_SHA1_80");
  if(r != 0) {
    printf("Error: cannot setup srtp.\n");
    ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
    return -3;
  }

  /* load key and certificate */
  char certfile[1024];
  char keyfile[1024];
  sprintf(certfile, "./%s-cert.pem", keyname);
  sprintf(keyfile, "./%s-key.pem", keyname);

  /* certificate file; contains also the public key */
  r = SSL_CTX_use_certificate_file(k->ctx, certfile, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM);
  if(r != 1) {
    printf("Error: cannot load certificate file.\n");
    ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
    return -4;
  }

  /* load private key */
  r = SSL_CTX_use_PrivateKey_file(k->ctx, keyfile, SSL_FILETYPE_PEM);
  if(r != 1) {
    printf("Error: cannot load private key file.\n");
    ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
    return -5;
  }
  
  /* check if the private key is valid */
  r = SSL_CTX_check_private_key(k->ctx);
  if(r != 1) {
    printf("Error: checking the private key failed. \n");
    ERR_print_errors_fp(stderr);
    return -6;
  }

  sprintf(k->name, "+ %s", keyname);

  return 0;
}

int krx_ssl_verify_peer(int ok, X509_STORE_CTX* ctx) {
  return 1;
}

/* this sets up the SSL* */
int krx_ssl_init(krx* k, int isserver, info_callback cb) {

  /* create SSL* */
  k->ssl = SSL_new(k->ctx);
  if(!k->ssl) {
    printf("Error: cannot create new SSL*.\n");
    return -1;
  }

  /* info callback */
  SSL_set_info_callback(k->ssl, cb);
  
  /* bios */
  k->in_bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
  if(k->in_bio == NULL) {
    printf("Error: cannot allocate read bio.\n");
    return -2;
  }

  BIO_set_mem_eof_return(k->in_bio, -1); /* see: https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_s_mem.html */

  k->out_bio = BIO_new(BIO_s_mem());
  if(k->out_bio == NULL) {
    printf("Error: cannot allocate write bio.\n");
    return -3;
  }

  BIO_set_mem_eof_return(k->out_bio, -1); /* see: https://www.openssl.org/docs/crypto/BIO_s_mem.html */

  SSL_set_bio(k->ssl, k->in_bio, k->out_bio);

  /* either use the server or client part of the protocol */
  if(isserver == 1) {
    SSL_set_accept_state(k->ssl);
  }
  else {
    SSL_set_connect_state(k->ssl);
  }

  return 0;
}

void krx_ssl_server_info_callback(const SSL* ssl, int where, int ret) {
  krx_ssl_info_callback(ssl, where, ret, "server");
}
void krx_ssl_client_info_callback(const SSL* ssl, int where, int ret) {
  krx_ssl_info_callback(ssl, where, ret, "client");
}

void krx_ssl_info_callback(const SSL* ssl, int where, int ret, const char* name) {

  if(ret == 0) {
    printf("-- krx_ssl_info_callback: error occured.\n");
    return;
  }

  SSL_WHERE_INFO(ssl, where, SSL_CB_LOOP, "LOOP");
  SSL_WHERE_INFO(ssl, where, SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_START, "HANDSHAKE START");
  SSL_WHERE_INFO(ssl, where, SSL_CB_HANDSHAKE_DONE, "HANDSHAKE DONE");
}

int krx_ssl_handle_traffic(krx* from, krx* to) {

  // Did SSL write something into the out buffer
  char outbuf[4096]; 
  int written = 0;
  int read = 0;
  int pending = BIO_ctrl_pending(from->out_bio);

  if(pending > 0) {
    read = BIO_read(from->out_bio, outbuf, sizeof(outbuf));
  }
  printf("%s Pending %d, and read: %d\n", from->name, pending, read);
  
  if(read > 0) {
    written = BIO_write(to->in_bio, outbuf, read);
  }
  
  if(written > 0) {
    if(!SSL_is_init_finished(to->ssl)) {
      SSL_do_handshake(to->ssl);
    }
    else {
      read = SSL_read(to->ssl, outbuf, sizeof(outbuf));
      printf("%s read: %s\n", to->name, outbuf);
    }
  }

  return 0;
}

int krx_ssl_shutdown(krx* k) {
  if(!k) {
    return -1;
  }

  if(k->ctx) { 
    SSL_CTX_free(k->ctx);
    k->ctx = NULL;
  }

  if(k->ssl) {
    SSL_free(k->ssl);
    k->ssl = NULL;
  }

  return 0;
}

I am a new user. I want to know why no port for server?