fonts.conf

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM "urn:fontconfig:fonts.dtd">
<fontconfig>

  <!-- Default system-ui fonts -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family">
      <string>system-ui</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Default sans-serif fonts-->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family">
      <string>sans-serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK SC</string>
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
      <string>Twemoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Default serif fonts-->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family">
      <string>serif</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK SC</string>
      <string>Noto Serif</string>
      <string>Twemoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <!-- Default monospace fonts-->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family">
      <string>monospace</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</string>
      <string>Symbols Nerd Font</string>
      <string>Twemoji</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="prgname" compare="not_eq">
      <string>chrome</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family" compare="contains">
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
      <string>Iosevka Term</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang">
      <string>zh-HK</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK SC</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK HK</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang">
      <string>zh-HK</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK SC</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <!-- not have HK -->
      <string>Noto Serif CJK TC</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang">
      <string>zh-HK</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK HK</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang">
      <string>zh-TW</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK SC</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK TC</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang">
      <string>zh-TW</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK SC</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK TC</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang">
      <string>zh-TW</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK TC</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang">
      <string>ja</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK SC</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK JP</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang">
      <string>ja</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK SC</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK JP</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang">
      <string>ja</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK JP</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang">
      <string>ko</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK SC</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK KR</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang">
      <string>ko</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK SC</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK KR</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang">
      <string>ko</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family">
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK SC</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Sans Mono CJK KR</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
  
  <!-- Replace monospace fonts -->
  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="family" compare="contains">
      <string>Source Code</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" binding="strong">
      <string>Iosevka Term</string>
    </edit>
  </match>
    <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>en</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family" compare="contains">
      <string>Noto Sans CJK</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Sans</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

  <match target="pattern">
    <test name="lang" compare="contains">
      <string>en</string>
    </test>
    <test name="family" compare="contains">
      <string>Noto Serif CJK</string>
    </test>
    <edit name="family" mode="prepend" binding="strong">
      <string>Noto Serif</string>
    </edit>
  </match>

</fontconfig>

archlinux user can use

paru -S noto-fonts noto-fonts-cjk ttf-twemoji ttf-nerd-fonts-symbols

to install font packages.