For this it's usually easier to run docker as a privileged container and install binaries into it.
docker pull ubuntu
docker run --rm -it --privileged
Refer instructions here - https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/binaries/
Install iptables for docker. I've also included lsb-core since I always want to run lsb_release to see ubuntu release details and also tmux since you need multiple terminals to run the daemon and the client. Not a fan of running dockerd detached.
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
apt-get install iptables lsb-core tmux
tmux
Download docker binaries from https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/
Also export the location to path since it looks for the docker-containerd
mkdir /root/docker
cd /root/docker
curl -O https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-17.03.0-ce.tgz
tar xzvf docker-17.03.0-ce.tgz
cd ./docker
export PATH=/root/docker/docker:$PATH
This is the older version with the --email flag.
mkdir ~/docker
cd ./docker
curl -O https://get.docker.com/builds/Linux/x86_64/docker-1.7.1.tgz
tar xvf docker-1.7.1.tgz
...
cd ./usr/local/bin
./docker login -u sajayeus -p $PASSWORD -e [email protected] sajayeus.azurecr.io