Orders of magnitude increase in time as you leave the CPU and head up the stack to the Network

TimeUpTHeStack.txt

L1 cache reference                    | 0.5 ns
Branch mispredict                     | 5 ns
L2 cache reference                    | 7 ns
Mutex lock/unlock                     | 25 ns
Main memory reference                 | 100 ns
Compress 1K bytes w/ cheap algorithm  | 3,000 ns
Send 2K bytes over 1 Gbps network     | 20,000 ns
Read 1 MB sequentially from memory    | 250,000 ns
Round trip within same datacenter     | 500,000 ns
Disk seek                             | 10,000,000 ns
Read 1 MB sequentially from disk      | 20,000,000 ns
Send packet CA->Netherlands->CA       | 150,000,000 ns