Execute commands using SSH protocol by python script with Paramiko library

ssh-commands-by-python-paramiko.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
#

# https://docs.paramiko.org/en/stable/
# https://didatica.tech/paramiko-com-python-aprenda-a-utilizar-com-exemplos-praticos/

import argparse
import sys
import time

import paramiko


def run_ssh_command(host: str, username: str, password: str, command: str) -> int:
    """
    Connects to a remote host via SSH, executes a command, and returns its exit status.
    Prints both stdout and stderr from the remote execution.
    """
    ssh_client = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh_client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())

    try:
        ssh_client.connect(hostname=host, username=username, password=password)
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: Failed to connect to {host} as {username}: {e}", file=sys.stderr)
        return 1

    try:
        stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh_client.exec_command(command)

        # get command results
        exit_status = stdout.channel.recv_exit_status()
        stdout_text = stdout.read().decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
        stderr_text = stderr.read().decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
    except Exception as e:
        print(f"Error: Failed to execute command '{command}': {e}", file=sys.stderr)
        return 1
    finally:
        ssh_client.close()

    if stdout_text:
        print("=== STDOUT ===")
        print(stdout_text, end="")
    if stderr_text:
        print("=== STDERR ===", file=sys.stderr)
        print(stderr_text, file=sys.stderr, end="")

    print(f"\nExit status: {exit_status}")
    return exit_status


def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="ssh_paramiko_command.py",
                                     description="Execute a single SSH command on a remote host using Paramiko.")
    parser.add_argument("-u", "--username", required=True, help="SSH username for authentication")
    parser.add_argument("-p", "--password", required=True, help="SSH password for authentication")
    parser.add_argument("-H", "--host", required=True, help="Remote host (IP or hostname) to connect to")
    parser.add_argument("-c", "--command", required=True, help="Bash command to run on the remote host")

    args = parser.parse_args()

    start_time = time.perf_counter()

    exit_code = run_ssh_command(
        host=args.host,
        username=args.username,
        password=args.password,
        command=args.command
    )

    elapsed_time = time.perf_counter() - start_time
    print(f"\n=== ELAPSED TIME ===\n{elapsed_time:.4f} seconds")

    sys.exit(exit_code)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()