The way Internet works is that we first type a domain name in browser: say google.com. The browser then hits the DNS servers for resolution of IP address, so that the browser know which machine to send the request to. The DNS servers return an IP (v4 or v6) against google.com and that IP is then used for all requests going forth. There is a TTL (time to live) associated with every DNS resolution after which the browser is required to re-ask the DNS servers for the new IP again (in case it has changed - this is meant to make sure that in case the machines fail or IPs change - the website can again be reached after the TTL is expired.
Now there are multiple types of DNS records:
Called as Address mapping records - these are used to map a domain/subdomain to a given IP - say,