The :host selector is the only way to target the host element. You can't reach the host element from inside the component with other selectors because it's not part of the component's own template.
:host(.active) {
border-width: 3px;
}
The :host-context() selector looks for a CSS class in any ancestor of the component host element, up to the document root.
:host-context(.theme-light) h2 {
background-color: #eef;
}