Isolation of murine hepatocytes to measure protein synthesis ex vivo upon stimulation

protocol.md

Authors: Valentina Gandin , Pier Carlo Marchisio & Stefano Biffo 

Introduction

This procedure describes a method for isolation of murine hepatocytes using a modified two-step perfusion method. This protocol allows to measure the level of protein synthesis in primary hepatocytes after stimulation with growth factor and hormones.

The advantage of this procedure is to easily perform a 35S-metabolic labelling to measure the level of protein synthesis upon stimulation ex vivo.

Reagents

1. Heparin 50 mg/ml

• Cloralium Hydrate 0.08 g/ml
• T1 solution pH 7.4: 0.9% NaCl, 0.05% KCl, HEPES 0.2%, 0.08 mg/ml EGTA
• T2 solution pH 7.4: 0.6% NaCl, 0.05% KCl, 1.2% HEPES, 0.07% CaCl2, 3 g/ml Collagenase Type I
• 3 g/ml Collagenase Type I (Sigma-Aldrich)
• Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM) (Invitrogen)
• DMEM without methionine and cysteine (Sigma-Aldrich)
• PERCOLL (Amersham)
• Pro-Mix I-[35S] in vitro cell labelling mix, 92.5 MBq, 2.5 mCi

Equipment

1. Cannula with a 24G needle

• Curved spatula
• 70 μm cell strainer (Millipore)
• Monofilament nylon
• Scalpel

Procedure

Perfusion and isolation of hepatocytes

• 1. Use one month-old mice. To minimize diurnal variation start isolation of hepatocytes in the morning (10-11a.m.).
• 2. Anaesthetise mice by intraperitoneal injection of 200 μl of Cloralium Hydrate.
• 3. Insert the cannula in the portal vein and start perfusion with T1 solution pH 7.4. As soon as the perfusion is started, immediately cut the hepatic vein to allow perfusate to run as a waste.
• 4. Flow rate is 5 ml/min. Perfuse liver for 15-20 minutes to remove completely the blood in each lobe.
• 5. Perfuse the liver with T2 solution pH 7.4. At this stage the hepatic tissue is rapidly disaggregated. Collect the tissue with a curved spatula and transfer into a plate where the disruption of the tissue is proceeded with a scalpel. This step should be fast in order to avoid damage of hepatocytes.
• 6. Remove the bladder and mince the tissue with a scalpel.
• 7. Collect minced tissue with 2 ml DMEM and filter cells through 70 μm cell strainer.
• 8. Centrifuge cells at 600rpm for 4min at room temperature.
• 9. Remove supernatant, resuspend pellet in 3 ml DMEM and pass the hepatocytes on 37.5% PERCOLL cushion (30 ml) to recover viable cells.
• 10. Centrifuge 1050 rpm for 3min at room temperature.
• 11. Resuspend pellet of viable cells in 2 ml of DMEM and count the hepatocytes.

Recovery of hepatocytes and protein synthesis measurement

• 12. Leave the isolated primary hepatocytes in 3 ml of DMEM at 5% CO2, 37°C for 2h and in suspension. Absence of serum is necessary to decrease the basal level of translation.
• 13. After 2h replace the medium with DMEM without methionine and cysteine and start with the metabolic labelling assay.
• 14. Each point of the metabolic labelling is done in triplicate. Use 15×10e5 hepatocytes/triplicate. Resuspend 5×10e5 cells in 2ml DMEM without Met/Cys and maintain the cells in a 15ml round bottom falcon tube to allow sufficient oxygenation.
• 15. Add to the media the desired stimula to increase translational level (e.g. 100 nM Insulin) and label the cells with 20 μCi/ml of 35S-Met/Cys mixture for 1h.
• 16. After 1h, lyse the cells in 100 μl of Lysis Buffer: 10mM Tris HCl pH 7.4, 1% Triton X-100, 150mM NaCl, 1mM EDTA.
• 17. Keep 15min on ice and then clarify at 14000rpm for 10min at 4°C.
• 18. Use 10 μl of the lysate to read radioactivity incorporation as previously described (1).

Timing

Anaesthesia, 15min. Perfusion, 40min. Cell recovery, 2h :30min. Metabolic assay, 1h. Cell lysis, 30min. The entire procedure will require 5-6h depending on the experience and the number of mice employed for the analysis.

Critical Steps

Step 3 – Before starting perfusion it is necessary to fill the needle with PBS 1X plus 50 μg/ml Heparin to avoid occlusion due to blood coagulation in the portal vein. Keep the cannula 2-3mm distant from the liver when it is inserted into the portal vein in order to assure proper perfusion of all hepatic lobi. Fix the cannula in the portal vein with a nylon monofilament wire to avoid that the blood pressure removes the needle at the beginning of the perfusion.

References

1. Gorrini, C. et al. Fibronectin controls cap-dependent translation through β1 integrin and eukaryotic initiation factors 4 and 2 coordinated pathways. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 102, 9200–9205 (2005).

Acknowledgements

Special thanks to Matteo Vidali for the technical support and suggestions. This work was supported by grants AIRC (SB, PCM), TELETHON GGB05043, CARIPLO 0578 (SB).

Associated Publications

Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 6 is rate-limiting in translation, growth and transformation, Valentina Gandin, Annarita Miluzio, Anna Maria Barbieri, Anne Beugnet, Hiroaki Kiyokawa, Pier Carlo Marchisio, and Stefano Biffo, Nature 455 (7213) 684 - 688 02/10/2008 doi:10.1038/nature07267

Author information

Valentina Gandin, Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Lab, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy

Pier Carlo Marchisio, Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Lab, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute, Medical School, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy

Stefano Biffo, Molecular Histology and Cell Growth Lab, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 58, 20132, Milan, Italy; DISAV, University of Eastern Piedmont, via Bellini 8G, 15100, Alessandria, Italy

Source: Protocol Exchange (2008) doi:10.1038/nprot.2008.209. Originally published online 29 September 2008.