Assert exception was reported by Laravel (useful for testing code inside rescue)

MyTest.php

<?php

use Tests\TestCase;

class MyTest extends TestCase
{
    /**
     * Sets up an expectation for an exception to be reported by the code under test.
     */
    protected function expectReportedExceptionMessage(string $message): static
    {
        $this->partialMock(ExceptionHandler::class)
             ->shouldReceive('report')->atLeast()->once()
             ->withArgs(fn ($e) => $message === $e->getMessage() || $this->fail("Failed asserting that exception with message '$message' is reported"));

        return $this;
    }
  
    /** @test */
    public function it_throws_and_gets_rescued()
    {
        User::factory()->create(['balance' => 0]);

        $this->expectReportedExceptionMessage('Not enough funds available.');
      
        // This is a dumb example, but you get the idea...
        rescue(fn () => $user->subscribe());
    }
}

User.php

<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Contracts\Auth\MustVerifyEmail;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsToMany;
use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\Notifications\Notifiable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    use HasFactory, Notifiable;
    
    public function subscribe()
    {
        if ($this->balance <= 0) {
            throw new \Exception('Not enough funds available.');
        }
      
        // ...
    }
}