Benford's Law

benfords_law.R

library(tidyverse)
library(rvest)
doc <- read_html("https://county.milwaukee.gov/EN/County-Clerk/Off-Nav/Election-Results/Election-Results-Fall-2020")
doc %>%
  html_nodes('table') %>%
  .[[4]] %>%
  html_table() %>%
  tail(-1) %>%
  mutate(ward = 1:n(), 
         biden = stringr::str_sub(X3, 1, 1),
         trump = stringr::str_sub(X4, 1, 1)
        ) %>%
  select(ward, biden, trump) %>%
  gather(candidate, digit, -ward) %>%
  group_by(candidate, digit) %>%
  count() %>%
  filter(digit > 0) %>%
  group_by(candidate) %>%
  mutate(prop = n / sum(n)) %>%
  ggplot(aes(x = digit, y = prop, color = candidate, group = candidate)) + 
  geom_line() +
  stat_function(fun = function(x) log10(1 + 1/x), color = 'black', linetype='dashed')