Compensations

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Ralph Waldo Emerson
Essays, First Series [1841]
Compensation

The wings of Time are black and white,
Pied with morning and with night.

Mountain tall and ocean deep
Trembling balance duly keep.

In changing moon, in tidal wave,
Glows the feud of Want and Have.

Gauge of more and less through space
Electric star and pencil plays.

The lonely Earth amid the balls
That hurry through the eternal halls,
A makeweight flying to the void,
Supplemental asteroid,
Or compensatory spark,
Shoots across the neutral Dark.

Man's the elm, and Wealth the vine;
Stanch and strong the tendrils twine:
Though the frail ringlets thee deceive,
None from its stock that vine can reave.

Fear not, then, thou child infirm,
There's no god dare wrong a worm.

Laurel crowns cleave to deserts,
And power to him who power exerts;
Hast not thy share? On winged feet,
Lo! it rushes thee to meet;
And all that Nature made thy own,
Floating in air or pent in stone,
Will rive the hills and swim the sea,
And, like thy shadow, follow thee.

Ever since I was a boy, I have wished to write a discourse on Compensation: for it seemed to me when very young, that on this subject life was ahead of theology, and the people knew more than the preachers taught. The documents, too, from which the doctrine is to be drawn, charmed my fancy by their endless variety, and lay always before me, even in sleep; for they are the tools in our hands, the bread in our basket, the transactions of the street, the farm, and the dwelling-house, greetings, relations, debts and credits, the influence of character, the nature and endowment of all men. It seemed to me, also, that in it might be shown men a ray of divinity, the present action of the soul of this world, clean from all vestige of tradition, and so the heart of man might be bathed by an inundation of eternal love, conversing with that which he knows was always and always must be, because it really is now. It appeared, moreover, that if this doctrine could be stated in terms with any resemblance to those bright intuitions in which this truth is sometimes revealed to us, it would be a star in many dark hours and crooked passages in our journey that would not suffer us to lose our way.

I was lately confirmed in these desires by hearing a sermon at church. The preacher, a man esteemed for his orthodoxy, unfolded in the ordinary manner the doctrine of the Last Judgment. He assumed, that judgment is not executed in this world; that the wicked are successful; that the good are miserable; and then urged from reason and from Scripture a compensation to be made to both parties in the next life. No offence appeared to be taken by the congregation at this doctrine. As far as I could observe, when the meeting broke up, they separated without remark on the sermon.

Yet what was the import of this teaching? What did the preacher mean by saying that the good are miserable in the present life? Was it that houses and lands, offices, wine, horses, dress, luxury, are had by unprincipled men, whilst the saints are poor and despised; and that a compensation is to be made to these last hereafter, by giving them the like gratifications another day,--bank-stock and doubloons, venison and champagne? This must be the compensation intended; for what else? Is it that they are to have leave to pray and praise? to love and serve men? Why, that they can do now. The legitimate inference the disciple would draw was,--'We are to have such a good time as the sinners have now';--or, to push it to its extreme import, --'You sin now; we shall sin by and by; we would sin now, if we could; not being successful, we expect our revenge to-morrow.'

The fallacy lay in the immense concession, that the bad are successful; that justice is not done now. The blindness of the preacher consisted in deferring to the base estimate of the market of what constitutes a manly success, instead of confronting and convicting the world from the truth; announcing the presence of the soul; the omnipotence of the will: and so establishing the standard of good and ill, of success and falsehood.

I find a similar base tone in the popular religious works of the day, and the same doctrines assumed by the literary men when occasionally they treat the related topics. I think that our popular theology has gained in decorum, and not in principle, over the superstitions it has displaced. But men are better than this theology. Their daily life gives it the lie. Every ingenuous and aspiring soul leaves the doctrine behind him in his own experience; and all men feel sometimes the falsehood which they cannot demonstrate. For men are wiser than they know. That which they hear in schools and pulpits without after-thought, if said in conversation, would probably be questioned in silence. If a man dogmatize in a mixed company on Providence and the divine laws, he is answered by a silence which conveys well enough to an observer the dissatisfaction of the hearer, but his incapacity to make his own statement.

I shall attempt in this and the following chapter to record some facts that indicate the path of the law of Compensation; happy beyond my expectation, if I shall truly draw the smallest arc of this circle.

POLARITY, or action and reaction, we meet in every part of nature; in darkness and light; in heat and cold; in the ebb and flow of waters; in male and female; in the inspiration and expiration of plants and animals; in the equation of quantity and quality in the fluids of the animal body; in the systole and diastole of the heart; in the undulations of fluids, and of sound; in the centrifugal and centripetal gravity; in electricity, galvanism, and chemical affinity. Superinduce magnetism at one end of a needle; the opposite magnetism takes place at the other end. If the south attracts, the north repels. To empty here, you must condense there. An inevitable dualism bisects nature, so that each thing is a half, and suggests another thing to make it whole; as, spirit, matter; man, woman; odd, even; subjective, objective; in, out; upper, under; motion, rest; yea, nay.

Whilst the world is thus dual, so is every one of its parts. The entire system of things gets represented in every particle. There is somewhat that resembles the ebb and flow of the sea, day and night, man and woman, in a single needle of the pine, in a kernel of corn, in each individual of every animal tribe. The reaction, so grand in the elements, is repeated within these small boundaries. For example, in the animal kingdom the physiologist has observed that no creatures are favorites, but a certain compensation balances every gift and every defect. A surplusage given to one part is paid out of a reduction from another part of the same creature. If the head and neck are enlarged, the trunk and extremities are cut short.

The theory of the mechanic forces is another example. What we gain in power is lost in time; and the converse. The periodic or compensating errors of the planets is another instance. The influences of climate and soil in political history are another. The cold climate invigorates. The barren soil does not breed fevers, crocodiles, tigers, or scorpions.

The same dualism underlies the nature and condition of man. Every excess causes a defect; every defect an excess. Every sweet hath its sour; every evil its good. Every faculty which is a receiver of pleasure has an equal penalty put on its abuse. It is to answer for its moderation with its life. For every grain of wit there is a grain of folly. For every thing you have missed, you have gained something else; and for every thing you gain, you lose something. If riches increase, they are increased that use them. If the gatherer gathers too much, nature takes out of the man what she puts into his chest; swells the estate, but kills the owner. Nature hates monopolies and exceptions. The waves of the sea do not more speedily seek a level from their loftiest tossing, than the varieties of condition tend to equalize themselves. There is always some levelling circumstance that puts down the overbearing, the strong, the rich, the fortunate, substantially on the same ground with all others. Is a man too strong and fierce for society, and by temper and position a bad citizen, — a morose ruffian, with a dash of the pirate in him;—— nature sends him a troop of pretty sons and daughters, who are getting along in the dame's classes at the village school, and love and fear for them smooths his grim scowl to courtesy. Thus she contrives to intenerate the granite and felspar, takes the boar out and puts the lamb in, and keeps her balance true.

The farmer imagines power and place are fine things. But the President has paid dear for his White House. It has commonly cost him all his peace, and the best of his manly attributes. To preserve for a short time so conspicuous an appearance before the world, he is content to eat dust before the real masters who stand erect behind the throne. Or, do men desire the more substantial and permanent grandeur of genius? Neither has this an immunity. He who by force of will or of thought is great, and overlooks thousands, has the charges of that eminence. With every influx of light comes new danger. Has he light? he must bear witness to the light, and always outrun that sympathy which gives him such keen satisfaction, by his fidelity to new revelations of the incessant soul. He must hate father and mother, wife and child. Has he all that the world loves and admires and covets? — he must cast behind him their admiration, and afflict them by faithfulness to his truth, and become a byword and a hissing.

This law writes the laws of cities and nations. It is in vain to build or plot or combine against it. Things refuse to be mismanaged long. Res nolunt diu male administrari. Though no checks to a new evil appear, the checks exist, and will appear. If the government is cruel, the governor's life is not safe. If you tax too high, the revenue will yield nothing. If you make the criminal code sanguinary, juries will not convict. If the law is too mild, private vengeance comes in. If the government is a terrific democracy, the pressure is resisted by an overcharge of energy in the citizen, and life glows with a fiercer flame. The true life and satisfactions of man seem to elude the utmost rigors or felicities of condition, and to establish themselves with great indifferency under all varieties of circumstances. Under all governments the influence of character remains the same, — in Turkey and in New England about alike. Under the primeval despots of Egypt, history honestly confesses that man must have been as free as culture could make him.

These appearances indicate the fact that the universe is represented in every one of its particles. Every thing in nature contains all the powers of nature. Every thing is made of one hidden stuff; as the naturalist sees one type under every metamorphosis, and regards a horse as a running man, a fish as a swimming man, a bird as a flying man, a tree as a rooted man. Each new form repeats not only the main character of the type, but part for part all the details, all the aims, furtherances, hindrances, energies, and whole system of every other. Every occupation, trade, art, transaction, is a compend of the world, and a correlative of every other. Each one is an entire emblem of human life; of its good and ill, its trials, its enemies, its course and its end. And each one must somehow accommodate the whole man, and recite all his destiny.

The world globes itself in a drop of dew. The microscope cannot find the animalcule which is less perfect for being little. Eyes, ears, taste, smell, motion, resistance, appetite, and organs of reproduction that take hold on eternity, — all find room to consist in the small creature. So do we put our life into every act. The true doctrine of omnipresence is, that God reappears with all his parts in every moss and cobweb. The value of the universe contrives to throw itself into every point. If the good is there, so is the evil; if the affinity, so the repulsion; if the force, so the limitation.

Thus is the universe alive. All things are moral. That soul, which within us is a sentiment, outside of us is a law. We feel its inspiration; out there in history we can see its fatal strength. "It is in the world, and the world was made by it." Justice is not postponed. A perfect equity adjusts its balance in all parts of life. {Oi chusoi Dios aei enpiptousi}, — The dice of God are always loaded. The world looks like a multiplication-table, or a mathematical equation, which, turn it how you will, balances itself. Take what figure you will, its exact value, nor more nor less, still returns to you. Every secret is told, every crime is punished, every virtue rewarded, every wrong redressed, in silence and certainty. What we call retribution is the universal necessity by which the whole appears wherever a part appears. If you see smoke, there must be fire. If you see a hand or a limb, you know that the trunk to which it belongs is there behind.

Every act rewards itself, or, in other words, integrates itself, in a twofold manner; first, in the thing, or in real nature; and secondly, in the circumstance, or in apparent nature. Men call the circumstance the retribution. The causal retribution is in the thing, and is seen by the soul. The retribution in the circumstance is seen by the understanding; it is inseparable from the thing, but is often spread over a long time, and so does not become distinct until after many years. The specific stripes may follow late after the offence, but they follow because they accompany it. Crime and punishment grow out of one stem. Punishment is a fruit that unsuspected ripens within the flower of the pleasure which concealed it. Cause and effect, means and ends, seed and fruit, cannot be severed; for the effect already blooms in the cause, the end preexists in the means, the fruit in the seed.

Whilst thus the world will be whole, and refuses to be disparted, we seek to act partially, to sunder, to appropriate; for example, — to gratify the senses, we sever the pleasure of the senses from the needs of the character. The ingenuity of man has always been dedicated to the solution of one problem,--how to detach the sensual sweet, the sensual strong, the sensual bright, &c., from the moral sweet, the moral deep, the moral fair; that is, again, to contrive to cut clean off this upper surface so thin as to leave it bottomless; to get a one end, without an other end. The soul says, Eat; the body would feast. The soul says, The man and woman shall be one flesh and one soul; the body would join the flesh only. The soul says, Have dominion over all things to the ends of virtue; the body would have the power over things to its own ends.

The soul strives amain to live and work through all things. It would be the only fact. All things shall be added unto it power, pleasure, knowledge, beauty. The particular man aims to be somebody; to set up for himself; to truck and higgle for a private good; and, in particulars, to ride, that he may ride; to dress, that he may be dressed; to eat, that he may eat; and to govern, that he may be seen. Men seek to be great; they would have offices, wealth, power, and fame. They think that to be great is to possess one side of nature,--the sweet, without the other side,--the bitter.

This dividing and detaching is steadily counteracted. Up to this day, it must be owned, no projector has had the smallest success. The parted water reunites behind our hand. Pleasure is taken out of pleasant things, profit out of profitable things, power out of strong things, as soon as we seek to separate them from the whole. We can no more halve things and get the sensual good, by itself, than we can get an inside that shall have no outside, or a light without a shadow. "Drive out nature with a fork, she comes running back."

Life invests itself with inevitable conditions, which the unwise seek to dodge, which one and another brags that he does not know; that they do not touch him; — but the brag is on his lips, the conditions are in his soul. If he escapes them in one part, they attack him in another more vital part. If he has escaped them in form, and in the appearance, it is because he has resisted his life, and fled from himself, and the retribution is so much death. So signal is the failure of all attempts to make this separation of the good from the tax, that the experiment would not be tried,--since to try it is to be mad,--but for the circumstance, that when the disease began in the will, of rebellion and separation, the intellect is at once infected, so that the man ceases to see God whole in each object, but is able to see the sensual allurement of an object, and not see the sensual hurt; he sees the mermaid's head, but not the dragon's tail; and thinks he can cut off that which he would have, from that which he would not have. "How secret art thou who dwellest in the highest heavens in silence, O thou only great God, sprinkling with an unwearied Providence certain penal blindnesses upon such as have unbridled desires!"

The human soul is true to these facts in the painting of fable, of history, of law, of proverbs, of conversation. It finds a tongue in literature unawares. Thus the Greeks called Jupiter, Supreme Mind; but having traditionally ascribed to him many base actions, they involuntarily made amends to reason, by tying up the hands of so bad a god. He is made as helpless as a king of England. Prometheus knows one secret which Jove must bargain for; Minerva, another. He cannot get his own thunders; Minerva keeps the key of them.

"Of all the gods, I only know the keys That ope the solid doors within whose vaults His thunders sleep." [Aeschylus]

A plain confession of the in-working of the All, and of its moral aim. The Indian mythology ends in the same ethics; and it would seem impossible for any fable to be invented and get any currency which was not moral. Aurora forgot to ask youth for her lover, and though Tithonus is immortal, he is old. Achilles is not quite invulnerable; the sacred waters did not wash the heel by which Thetis held him. Siegfried, in the Nibelungen, is not quite immortal, for a leaf fell on his back whilst he was bathing in the dragon's blood, and that spot which it covered is mortal. And so it must be. There is a crack in every thing God has made. It would seem, there is always this vindictive circumstance stealing in at unawares, even into the wild poesy in which the human fancy attempted to make bold holiday, and to shake itself free of the old laws, — this back-stroke, this kick of the gun, certifying that the law is fatal; that in nature nothing can be given, all things are sold.

This is that ancient doctrine of Nemesis, who keeps watch in the universe, and lets no offence go unchastised. The Furies, Web Site they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path, they would punish him. The poets related that stone walls, and iron swords, and leathern thongs had an occult sympathy with the wrongs of their owners; that the belt which Ajax gave Hector dragged the Trojan hero over the field at the wheels of the car of Achilles, and the sword which Hector gave Ajax was that on whose point Ajax fell. They recorded, that when the Thasians erected a statue to Theagenes, a victor in the games, one of his rivals went to it by night, and endeavoured to throw it down by repeated blows, until at last he moved it from its pedestal, and was crushed to death beneath its fall.

This voice of fable has in it somewhat divine. It came from thought above the will of the writer. That is the best part of each writer, which has nothing private in it; that which he does not know; that which flowed out of his constitution, and not from his too active invention; that which in the study of a single artist you might not easily find, but in the study of many, you would abstract as the spirit of them all. Phidias it is not, but the work of man in that early Hellenic world, that I would know. The name and circumstance of Phidias, however convenient for history, embarrass when we come to the highest criticism. We are to see that which man was tending to do in a given period, and was hindered, or, if you will, modified in doing, by the interfering volitions of Phidias, of Dante, of Shakspeare, the organ whereby man at the moment wrought.

Still more striking is the expression of this fact in the proverbs of all nations, which are always the literature of reason, or the statements of an absolute truth, without qualification. Proverbs, like the sacred books of each nation, are the sanctuary of the intuitions. That which the droning world, chained to appearances, will not allow the realist to say in his own words, it will suffer him to say in proverbs without contradiction. And this law of laws which the pulpit, the senate, and the college deny, is hourly preached in all markets and workshops by flights of proverbs, whose teaching is as true and as omnipresent as that of birds and flies.

All things are double, one against another. -- Tit for tat; an eye for an eye; a tooth for a tooth; blood for blood; measure for measure; love for love. -- Give and it shall be given you. -- He that watereth shall be watered himself. -- What will you have? quoth God; pay for it and take it. -- Nothing venture, nothing have. -- Thou shalt be paid exactly for what thou hast done, no more, no less. -- Who doth not work shall not eat. -- Harm watch, harm catch. -- Curses always recoil on the head of him who imprecates them. -- If you put a chain around the neck of a slave, the other end fastens itself around your own. -- Bad counsel confounds the adviser. -- The Devil is an ass.

It is thus written, because it is thus in life. Our action is overmastered and characterized above our will by the law of nature. We aim at a petty end quite aside from the public good, but our act arranges itself by irresistible magnetism in a line with the poles of the world.

A man cannot speak but he judges himself. With his will, or against his will, he draws his portrait to the eye of his companions by every word. Every opinion reacts on him who utters it. It is a thread-ball thrown at a mark, but the other end remains in the thrower's bag. Or, rather, it is a harpoon hurled at the whale, unwinding, as it flies, a coil of cord in the boat, and if the harpoon is not good, or not well thrown, it will go nigh to cut the steersman in twain, or to sink the boat.

You cannot do wrong without suffering wrong. "No man had ever a point of pride that was not injurious to him," said Burke. The exclusive in fashionable life does not see that he excludes himself from enjoyment, in the attempt to appropriate it. The exclusionist in religion does not see that he shuts the door of heaven on himself, in striving to shut out others. Treat men as pawns and ninepins, and you shall suffer as well as they. If you leave out their heart, you shall lose your own. The senses would make things of all persons; of women, of children, of the poor. The vulgar proverb, "I will get it from his purse or get it from his skin," is sound philosophy.

All infractions of love and equity in our social relations are speedily punished. They are punished by fear. Whilst I stand in simple relations to my fellow-man, I have no displeasure in meeting him. We meet as water meets water, or as two currents of air mix, with perfect diffusion and interpenetration of nature. But as soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at halfness, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbour feels the wrong; he shrinks from me as far as I have shrunk from him; his eyes no longer seek mine; there is war between us; there is hate in him and fear in me.

All the old abuses in society, universal and particular, all unjust accumulations of property and power, are avenged in the same manner. Fear is an instructer of great sagacity, and the herald of all revolutions. One thing he teaches, that there is rottenness where he appears. He is a carrion crow, and though you see not well what he hovers for, there is death somewhere. Our property is timid, our laws are timid, our cultivated classes are timid. Fear for ages has boded and mowed and gibbered over government and property. That obscene bird is not there for nothing. He indicates great wrongs which must be revised.

Of the like nature is that expectation of change which instantly follows the suspension of our voluntary activity. The terror of cloudless noon, the emerald of Polycrates, the awe of prosperity, the instinct which leads every generous soul to impose on itself tasks of a noble asceticism and vicarious virtue, are the tremblings of the balance of justice through the heart and mind of man.

Experienced men of the world know very well that it is best to pay scot and lot as they go along, and that a man often pays dear for a small frugality. The borrower runs in his own debt. Has a man gained any thing who has received a hundred favors and rendered none? Has he gained by borrowing, through indolence or cunning, his neighbour's wares, or horses, or money? There arises on the deed the instant acknowledgment of benefit on the one part, and of debt on the other; that is, of superiority and inferiority. The transaction remains in the memory of himself and his neighbour; and every new transaction alters, according to its nature, their relation to each other. He may soon come to see that he had better have broken his own bones than to have ridden in his neighbour's coach, and that "the highest price he can pay for a thing is to ask for it."

A wise man will extend this lesson to all parts of life, and know that it is the part of prudence to face every claimant, and pay every just demand on your time, your talents, or your heart. Always pay; for, first or last, you must pay your entire debt. Persons and events may stand for a time between you and justice, but it is only a postponement. You must pay at last your own debt. If you are wise, you will dread a prosperity which only loads you with more. Benefit is the end of nature. But for every benefit which you receive, a tax is levied. He is great who confers the most benefits. He is base--and that is the one base thing in the universe--to receive favors and render none. In the order of nature we cannot render benefits to those from whom we receive them, or only seldom. But the benefit we receive must be rendered again, line for line, deed for deed, cent for cent, to somebody. Beware of too much good staying in your hand. It will fast corrupt and worm worms. Pay it away quickly in some sort.

Labor is watched over by the same pitiless laws. Cheapest, say the prudent, is the dearest labor. What we buy in a broom, a mat, a wagon, a knife, is some application of good sense to a common want. It is best to pay in your land a skilful gardener, or to buy good sense applied to gardening; in your sailor, good sense applied to navigation; in the house, good sense applied to cooking, sewing, serving; in your agent, good sense applied to accounts and affairs. So do you multiply your presence, or spread yourself throughout your estate. But because of the dual constitution of things, in labor as in life there can be no cheating. The thief steals from himself. The swindler swindles himself. For the real price of labor is knowledge and virtue, whereof wealth and credit are signs. These signs, like paper money, may be counterfeited or stolen, but that which they represent, namely, knowledge and virtue, cannot be counterfeited or stolen. These ends of labor cannot be answered but by real exertions of the mind, and in obedience to pure motives. The cheat, the defaulter, the gambler, cannot extort the knowledge of material and moral nature which his honest care and pains yield to the operative. The law of nature is, Do the thing, and you shall have the power: but they who do not the thing have not the power.

Human labor, through all its forms, from the sharpening of a stake to the construction of a city or an epic, is one immense illustration of the perfect compensation of the universe. The absolute balance of Give and Take, the doctrine that every thing has its price,--and if that price is not paid, not that thing but something else is obtained, and that it is impossible to get any thing without its price,--is not less sublime in the columns of a leger than in the budgets of states, in the laws of light and darkness, in all the action and reaction of nature. I cannot doubt that the high laws which each man sees implicated in those processes with which he is conversant, the stern ethics which sparkle on his chisel-edge, which are measured out by his plumb and foot-rule, which stand as manifest in the footing of the shop-bill as in the history of a state, --do recommend to him his trade, and though seldom named, exalt his business to his imagination.

The league between virtue and nature engages all things to assume a hostile front to vice. The beautiful laws and substances of the world persecute and whip the traitor. He finds that things are arranged for truth and benefit, but there is no den in the wide world to hide a rogue. Commit a crime, and the earth is made of glass. Commit a crime, and it seems as if a coat of snow fell on the ground, such as reveals in the woods the track of every partridge and fox and squirrel and mole. You cannot recall the spoken word, you cannot wipe out the foot-track, you cannot draw up the ladder, so as to leave no inlet or clew. Some damning circumstance always transpires. The laws and substances of nature--water, snow, wind, gravitation--become penalties to the thief.

On the other hand, the law holds with equal sureness for all right action. Love, and you shall be loved. All love is mathematically just, as much as the two sides of an algebraic equation. The good man has absolute good, which like fire turns every thing to its own nature, so that you cannot do him any harm; but as the royal armies sent against Napoleon, when he approached, cast down their colors and from enemies became friends, so disasters of all kinds, as sickness, offence, poverty, prove benefactors:--

"Winds blow and waters roll
Strength to the brave, and power and deity,
Yet in themselves are nothing."

The good are befriended even by weakness and defect. As no man had ever a point of pride that was not injurious to him, so no man had ever a defect that was not somewhere made useful to him. The stag in the fable admired his horns and blamed his feet, but when the hunter came, his feet saved him, and afterwards, caught in the thicket, his horns destroyed him. Every man in his lifetime needs to thank his faults. As no man thoroughly understands a truth until he has contended against it, so no man has a thorough acquaintance with the hindrances or talents of men, until he has suffered from the one, and seen the triumph of the other over his own want of the same. Has he a defect of temper that unfits him to live in society? Thereby he is driven to entertain himself alone, and acquire habits of self-help; and thus, like the wounded oyster, he mends his shell with pearl.

Our strength grows out of our weakness. The indignation which arms itself with secret forces does not awaken until we are pricked and stung and sorely assailed. A great man is always willing to be little. Whilst he sits on the cushion of advantages, he goes to sleep. When he is pushed, tormented, defeated, he has a chance to learn something; he has been put on his wits, on his manhood; he has gained facts; learns his ignorance; is cured of the insanity of conceit; has got moderation and real skill. The wise man throws himself on the side of his assailants. It is more his interest than it is theirs to find his weak point. The wound cicatrizes and falls off from him like a dead skin, and when they would triumph, lo! he has passed on invulnerable. Blame is safer than praise. I hate to be defended in a newspaper. As long as all that is said is said against me, I feel a certain assurance of success. But as soon as honeyed words of praise are spoken for me, I feel as one that lies unprotected before his enemies. In general, every evil to which we do not succumb is a benefactor. As the Sandwich Islander believes that the strength and valor of the enemy he kills passes into himself, so we gain the strength of the temptation we resist.

The same guards which protect us from disaster, defect, and enmity, defend us, if we will, from selfishness and fraud. Bolts and bars are not the best of our institutions, nor is shrewdness in trade a mark of wisdom. Men suffer all their life long, under the foolish superstition that they can be cheated. But it is as impossible for a man to be cheated by any one but himself, as for a thing to be and not to be at the same time. There is a third silent party to all our bargains. The nature and soul of things takes on itself the guaranty of the fulfilment of every contract, so that honest service cannot come to loss. If you serve an ungrateful master, serve him the more. Put God in your debt. Every stroke shall be repaid. The longer the payment is withholden, the better for you; for compound interest on compound interest is the rate and usage of this exchequer.

The history of persecution is a history of endeavours to cheat nature, to make water run up hill, to twist a rope of sand. It makes no difference whether the actors be many or one, a tyrant or a mob. A mob is a society of bodies voluntarily bereaving themselves of reason, and traversing its work. The mob is man voluntarily descending to the nature of the beast. Its fit hour of activity is night. Its actions are insane like its whole constitution. It persecutes a principle; it would whip a right; it would tar and feather justice, by inflicting fire and outrage upon the houses and persons of those who have these. It resembles the prank of boys, who run with fire-engines to put out the ruddy aurora streaming to the stars. The inviolate spirit turns their spite against the wrongdoers. The martyr cannot be dishonored. Every lash inflicted is a tongue of fame; every prison, a more illustrious abode; every burned book or house enlightens the world; every suppressed or expunged word reverberates through the earth from side to side. Hours of sanity and consideration are always arriving to communities, as to individuals, when the truth is seen, and the martyrs are justified.

Thus do all things preach the indifferency of circumstances. The man is all. Every thing has two sides, a good and an evil. Every advantage has its tax. I learn to be content. But the doctrine of compensation is not the doctrine of indifferency. The thoughtless say, on hearing these representations,--What boots it to do well? there is one event to good and evil; if I gain any good, I must pay for it; if I lose any good, I gain some other; all actions are indifferent.

There is a deeper fact in the soul than compensation, to wit, its own nature. The soul is not a compensation, but a life. The soul is. Under all this running sea of circumstance, whose waters ebb and flow with perfect balance, lies the aboriginal abyss of real Being. Essence, or God, is not a relation, or a part, but the whole. Being is the vast affirmative, excluding negation, self-balanced, and swallowing up all relations, parts, and times within itself. Nature, truth, virtue, are the influx from thence. Vice is the absence or departure of the same. Nothing, Falsehood, may indeed stand as the great Night or shade, on which, as a background, the living universe paints itself forth; but no fact is begotten by it; it cannot work; for it is not. It cannot work any good; it cannot work any harm. It is harm inasmuch as it is worse not to be than to be.

We feel defrauded of the retribution due to evil acts, because the criminal adheres to his vice and contumacy, and does not come to a crisis or judgment anywhere in visible nature. There is no stunning confutation of his nonsense before men and angels. Has he therefore outwitted the law? Inasmuch as he carries the malignity and the lie with him, he so far deceases from nature. In some manner there will be a demonstration of the wrong to the understanding also; but should we not see it, this deadly deduction makes square the eternal account.

Neither can it be said, on the other hand, that the gain of rectitude must be bought by any loss. There is no penalty to virtue; no penalty to wisdom; they are proper additions of being. In a virtuous action, I properly am; in a virtuous act, I add to the world; I plant into deserts conquered from Chaos and Nothing, and see the darkness receding on the limits of the horizon. There can be no excess to love; none to knowledge; none to beauty, when these attributes are considered in the purest sense. The soul refuses limits, and always affirms an Optimism, never a Pessimism.

His life is a progress, and not a station. His instinct is trust. Our instinct uses "more" and "less" in application to man, of the presence of the soul, and not of its absence; the brave man is greater than the coward; the true, the benevolent, the wise, is more a man, and not less, than the fool and knave. There is no tax on the good of virtue; for that is the incoming of God himself, or absolute existence, without any comparative. Material good has its tax, and if it came without desert or sweat, has no root in me, and the next wind will blow it away. But all the good of nature is the soul's, and may be had, if paid for in nature's lawful coin, that is, by labor which the heart and the head allow. I no longer wish to meet a good I do not earn, for example, to find a pot of buried gold, knowing that it brings with it new burdens. I do not wish more external goods,--neither possessions, nor honors, nor powers, nor persons. The gain is apparent; the tax is certain. But there is no tax on the knowledge that the compensation exists, and that it is not desirable to dig up treasure. Herein I rejoice with a serene eternal peace. I contract the boundaries of possible mischief. I learn the wisdom of St. Bernard, --"Nothing can work me damage except myself; the harm that I sustain I carry about with me, and never am a real sufferer but by my own fault."

In the nature of the soul is the compensation for the inequalities of condition. The radical tragedy of nature seems to be the distinction of More and Less. How can Less not feel the pain; how not feel indignation or malevolence towards More? Look at those who have less faculty, and one feels sad, and knows not well what to make of it. He almost shuns their eye; he fears they will upbraid God. What should they do? It seems a great injustice. But see the facts nearly, and these mountainous inequalities vanish. Love reduces them, as the sun melts the iceberg in the sea. The heart and soul of all men being one, this bitterness of His and Mine ceases. His is mine. I am my brother, and my brother is me. If I feel overshadowed and outdone by great neighbours, I can yet love; I can still receive; and he that loveth maketh his own the grandeur he loves. Thereby I make the discovery that my brother is my guardian, acting for me with the friendliest designs, and the estate I so admired and envied is my own. It is the nature of the soul to appropriate all things. Jesus and Shakspeare are fragments of the soul, and by love I conquer and incorporate them in my own conscious domain. His virtue,--is not that mine? His wit,--if it cannot be made mine, it is not wit.

Such, also, is the natural history of calamity. The changes which break up at short intervals the prosperity of men are advertisements of a nature whose law is growth. Every soul is by this intrinsic necessity quitting its whole system of things, its friends, and home, and laws, and faith, as the shell-fish crawls out of its beautiful but stony case, because it no longer admits of its growth, and slowly forms a new house. [Compare with Oliver Wendell Holmes' poem, "Nautilus."] In proportion to the vigor of the individual, these revolutions are frequent, until in some happier mind they are incessant, and all worldly relations hang very loosely about him, becoming, as it were, a transparent fluid membrane through which the living form is seen, and not, as in most men, an indurated heterogeneous fabric of many dates, and of no settled character in which the man is imprisoned. Then there can be enlargement, and the man of to-day scarcely recognizes the man of yesterday. And such should be the outward biography of man in time, a putting off of dead circumstances day by day, as he renews his raiment day by day. But to us, in our lapsed estate, resting, not advancing, resisting, not cooperating with the divine expansion, this growth comes by shocks.

We cannot part with our friends. We cannot let our angels go. We do not see that they only go out, that archangels may come in.[*1] We are idolaters of the old. We do not believe in the riches of the soul, in its proper eternity and omnipresence. We do not believe there is any force in to-day to rival or recreate that beautiful yesterday. We linger in the ruins of the old tent, where once we had bread and shelter and organs, nor believe that the spirit can feed, cover, and nerve us again. We cannot again find aught so dear, so sweet, so graceful. But we sit and weep in vain. The voice of the Almighty saith, 'Up and onward for evermore!' We cannot stay amid the ruins. Neither will we rely on the new; and so we walk ever with reverted eyes, like those monsters who look backwards.

And yet the compensations of calamity are made apparent to the understanding also, after long intervals of time. A fever, a mutilation, a cruel disappointment, a loss of wealth, a loss of friends, seems at the moment unpaid loss, and unpayable. But the sure years reveal the deep remedial force that underlies all facts. The death of a dear friend, wife, brother, lover, which seemed nothing but privation, somewhat later assumes the aspect of a guide or genius; for it commonly operates revolutions in our way of life, terminates an epoch of infancy or of youth which was waiting to be closed, breaks up a wonted occupation, or a household, or style of living, and allows the formation of new ones more friendly to the growth of character. It permits or constrains the formation of new acquaintances, and the reception of new influences that prove of the first importance to the next years; and the man or woman who would have remained a sunny garden-flower, with no room for its roots and too much sunshine for its head, by the falling of the walls and the neglect of the gardener, is made the banian of the forest, yielding shade and fruit to wide neighbourhoods of men.

Selected Criticism on "Compensation"

Pommer, Henry F. "The Contents and Basis of Emerson's Belief in Compensation." PMLA 77 (June 1962): 248-53. Also in American Literature, ed. Young and Fine.

Panek, Le Roy Lad. "Imagery and Emerson's 'Compensation.'" 18 (4 Quarter 1962): 218-221.

Lee, Roland F. "Emerson's 'Compensation' as Argument and Art." New England Quarterly 37 (Sept 1964): 291-305.

Riepe, Dale. "Emerson and Indian PHilosophy." Journal of the History of Ideas 28 (Jan-March 1967): 115-22.

Bottorff, William K. "'Compensation,' Emerson's Ebb and Flow." American Studies [Taiwan] 9 (March 1979): 1-9.

Hughes, Gertrude Reif. Emerson's Demanding Optimism. Baton Rouge: LSU P, 1984.

Lasch, Christopher. The True and Only Heaven: Progress and Its Critics. NY: W. W. Norton, 1991.

Jacobson, David. "'Compensation': Exteriority Beyond the Spirit of Revenge. ESQ 33 (2 Quarter 1987): 110-119.

Larson, Kerry. "Justice to Emerson." Raritan: A Quarterly Review, 21:3 (2002 Winter), 46-67.

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Ralph Waldo Emerson

Essays, First Series [1841]
Compensation
The wings of Time are black and white,
Pied with morning and with night.
Mountain tall and ocean deep
Trembling balance duly keep.
In changing moon, in tidal wave,
Glows the feud of Want and Have.
Gauge of more and less through space
Electric star and pencil plays.
The lonely Earth amid the balls
That hurry through the eternal halls,
A makeweight flying to the void,
Supplemental asteroid,
Or compensatory spark,
Shoots across the neutral Dark.
Man's the elm, and Wealth the vine;
Stanch and strong the tendrils twine:
Though the frail ringlets thee deceive,
None from its stock that vine can reave.
Fear not, then, thou child infirm,
There's no god dare wrong a worm.
Laurel crowns cleave to deserts,
And power to him who power exerts;
Hast not thy share? On winged feet,
Lo! it rushes thee to meet;
And all that Nature made thy own,
Floating in air or pent in stone,
Will rive the hills and swim the sea,
And, like thy shadow, follow thee.

Ever since I was a boy, I have wished to write a discourse on Compensation: for it seemed to me when very young, that on this subject life was ahead of theology, and the people knew more than the preachers taught. The documents, too, from which the doctrine is to be drawn, charmed my fancy by their endless variety, and lay always before me, even in sleep; for they are the tools in our hands, the bread in our basket, the transactions of the street, the farm, and the dwelling-house, greetings, relations, debts and credits, the influence of character, the nature and endowment of all men. It seemed to me, also, that in it might be shown men a ray of divinity, the present action of the soul of this world, clean from all vestige of tradition, and so the heart of man might be bathed by an inundation of eternal love, conversing with that which he knows was always and always must be, because it really is now. It appeared, moreover, that if this doctrine could be stated in terms with any resemblance to those bright intuitions in which this truth is sometimes revealed to us, it would be a star in many dark hours and crooked passages in our journey that would not suffer us to lose our way.

I was lately confirmed in these desires by hearing a sermon at church. The preacher, a man esteemed for his orthodoxy, unfolded in the ordinary manner the doctrine of the Last Judgment. He assumed, that judgment is not executed in this world; that the wicked are successful; that the good are miserable; and then urged from reason and from Scripture a compensation to be made to both parties in the next life. No offence appeared to be taken by the congregation at this doctrine. As far as I could observe, when the meeting broke up, they separated without remark on the sermon.

Yet what was the import of this teaching? What did the preacher mean by saying that the good are miserable in the present life? Was it that houses and lands, offices, wine, horses, dress, luxury, are had by unprincipled men, whilst the saints are poor and despised; and that a compensation is to be made to these last hereafter, by giving them the like gratifications another day,--bank-stock and doubloons, venison and champagne? This must be the compensation intended; for what else? Is it that they are to have leave to pray and praise? to love and serve men? Why, that they can do now. The legitimate inference the disciple would draw was,--'We are to have such a good time as the sinners have now';--or, to push it to its extreme import, --'You sin now; we shall sin by and by; we would sin now, if we could; not being successful, we expect our revenge to-morrow.'

The fallacy lay in the immense concession, that the bad are successful; that justice is not done now. The blindness of the preacher consisted in deferring to the base estimate of the market of what constitutes a manly success, instead of confronting and convicting the world from the truth; announcing the presence of the soul; the omnipotence of the will: and so establishing the standard of good and ill, of success and falsehood.

I find a similar base tone in the popular religious works of the day, and the same doctrines assumed by the literary men when occasionally they treat the related topics. I think that our popular theology has gained in decorum, and not in principle, over the superstitions it has displaced. But men are better than this theology. Their daily life gives it the lie. Every ingenuous and aspiring soul leaves the doctrine behind him in his own experience; and all men feel sometimes the falsehood which they cannot demonstrate. For men are wiser than they know. That which they hear in schools and pulpits without after-thought, if said in conversation, would probably be questioned in silence. If a man dogmatize in a mixed company on Providence and the divine laws, he is answered by a silence which conveys well enough to an observer the dissatisfaction of the hearer, but his incapacity to make his own statement.

I shall attempt in this and the following chapter to record some facts that indicate the path of the law of Compensation; happy beyond my expectation, if I shall truly draw the smallest arc of this circle.

POLARITY, or action and reaction, we meet in every part of nature; in darkness and light; in heat and cold; in the ebb and flow of waters; in male and female; in the inspiration and expiration of plants and animals; in the equation of quantity and quality in the fluids of the animal body; in the systole and diastole of the heart; in the undulations of fluids, and of sound; in the centrifugal and centripetal gravity; in electricity, galvanism, and chemical affinity. Superinduce magnetism at one end of a needle; the opposite magnetism takes place at the other end. If the south attracts, the north repels. To empty here, you must condense there. An inevitable dualism bisects nature, so that each thing is a half, and suggests another thing to make it whole; as, spirit, matter; man, woman; odd, even; subjective, objective; in, out; upper, under; motion, rest; yea, nay.

Whilst the world is thus dual, so is every one of its parts. The entire system of things gets represented in every particle. There is somewhat that resembles the ebb and flow of the sea, day and night, man and woman, in a single needle of the pine, in a kernel of corn, in each individual of every animal tribe. The reaction, so grand in the elements, is repeated within these small boundaries. For example, in the animal kingdom the physiologist has observed that no creatures are favorites, but a certain compensation balances every gift and every defect. A surplusage given to one part is paid out of a reduction from another part of the same creature. If the head and neck are enlarged, the trunk and extremities are cut short.

The theory of the mechanic forces is another example. What we gain in power is lost in time; and the converse. The periodic or compensating errors of the planets is another instance. The influences of climate and soil in political history are another. The cold climate invigorates. The barren soil does not breed fevers, crocodiles, tigers, or scorpions.

The same dualism underlies the nature and condition of man. Every excess causes a defect; every defect an excess. Every sweet hath its sour; every evil its good. Every faculty which is a receiver of pleasure has an equal penalty put on its abuse. It is to answer for its moderation with its life. For every grain of wit there is a grain of folly. For every thing you have missed, you have gained something else; and for every thing you gain, you lose something. If riches increase, they are increased that use them. If the gatherer gathers too much, nature takes out of the man what she puts into his chest; swells the estate, but kills the owner. Nature hates monopolies and exceptions. The waves of the sea do not more speedily seek a level from their loftiest tossing, than the varieties of condition tend to equalize themselves. There is always some levelling circumstance that puts down the overbearing, the strong, the rich, the fortunate, substantially on the same ground with all others. Is a man too strong and fierce for society, and by temper and position a bad citizen, — a morose ruffian, with a dash of the pirate in him;—— nature sends him a troop of pretty sons and daughters, who are getting along in the dame's classes at the village school, and love and fear for them smooths his grim scowl to courtesy. Thus she contrives to intenerate the granite and felspar, takes the boar out and puts the lamb in, and keeps her balance true.

The farmer imagines power and place are fine things. But the President has paid dear for his White House. It has commonly cost him all his peace, and the best of his manly attributes. To preserve for a short time so conspicuous an appearance before the world, he is content to eat dust before the real masters who stand erect behind the throne. Or, do men desire the more substantial and permanent grandeur of genius? Neither has this an immunity. He who by force of will or of thought is great, and overlooks thousands, has the charges of that eminence. With every influx of light comes new danger. Has he light? he must bear witness to the light, and always outrun that sympathy which gives him such keen satisfaction, by his fidelity to new revelations of the incessant soul. He must hate father and mother, wife and child. Has he all that the world loves and admires and covets? — he must cast behind him their admiration, and afflict them by faithfulness to his truth, and become a byword and a hissing.

This law writes the laws of cities and nations. It is in vain to build or plot or combine against it. Things refuse to be mismanaged long. Res nolunt diu male administrari. Though no checks to a new evil appear, the checks exist, and will appear. If the government is cruel, the governor's life is not safe. If you tax too high, the revenue will yield nothing. If you make the criminal code sanguinary, juries will not convict. If the law is too mild, private vengeance comes in. If the government is a terrific democracy, the pressure is resisted by an overcharge of energy in the citizen, and life glows with a fiercer flame. The true life and satisfactions of man seem to elude the utmost rigors or felicities of condition, and to establish themselves with great indifferency under all varieties of circumstances. Under all governments the influence of character remains the same, — in Turkey and in New England about alike. Under the primeval despots of Egypt, history honestly confesses that man must have been as free as culture could make him.

These appearances indicate the fact that the universe is represented in every one of its particles. Every thing in nature contains all the powers of nature. Every thing is made of one hidden stuff; as the naturalist sees one type under every metamorphosis, and regards a horse as a running man, a fish as a swimming man, a bird as a flying man, a tree as a rooted man. Each new form repeats not only the main character of the type, but part for part all the details, all the aims, furtherances, hindrances, energies, and whole system of every other. Every occupation, trade, art, transaction, is a compend of the world, and a correlative of every other. Each one is an entire emblem of human life; of its good and ill, its trials, its enemies, its course and its end. And each one must somehow accommodate the whole man, and recite all his destiny.

The world globes itself in a drop of dew. The microscope cannot find the animalcule which is less perfect for being little. Eyes, ears, taste, smell, motion, resistance, appetite, and organs of reproduction that take hold on eternity, — all find room to consist in the small creature. So do we put our life into every act. The true doctrine of omnipresence is, that God reappears with all his parts in every moss and cobweb. The value of the universe contrives to throw itself into every point. If the good is there, so is the evil; if the affinity, so the repulsion; if the force, so the limitation.

Thus is the universe alive. All things are moral. That soul, which within us is a sentiment, outside of us is a law. We feel its inspiration; out there in history we can see its fatal strength. "It is in the world, and the world was made by it." Justice is not postponed. A perfect equity adjusts its balance in all parts of life. {Oi chusoi Dios aei enpiptousi}, — The dice of God are always loaded. The world looks like a multiplication-table, or a mathematical equation, which, turn it how you will, balances itself. Take what figure you will, its exact value, nor more nor less, still returns to you. Every secret is told, every crime is punished, every virtue rewarded, every wrong redressed, in silence and certainty. What we call retribution is the universal necessity by which the whole appears wherever a part appears. If you see smoke, there must be fire. If you see a hand or a limb, you know that the trunk to which it belongs is there behind.

Every act rewards itself, or, in other words, integrates itself, in a twofold manner; first, in the thing, or in real nature; and secondly, in the circumstance, or in apparent nature. Men call the circumstance the retribution. The causal retribution is in the thing, and is seen by the soul. The retribution in the circumstance is seen by the understanding; it is inseparable from the thing, but is often spread over a long time, and so does not become distinct until after many years. The specific stripes may follow late after the offence, but they follow because they accompany it. Crime and punishment grow out of one stem. Punishment is a fruit that unsuspected ripens within the flower of the pleasure which concealed it. Cause and effect, means and ends, seed and fruit, cannot be severed; for the effect already blooms in the cause, the end preexists in the means, the fruit in the seed.

Whilst thus the world will be whole, and refuses to be disparted, we seek to act partially, to sunder, to appropriate; for example, — to gratify the senses, we sever the pleasure of the senses from the needs of the character. The ingenuity of man has always been dedicated to the solution of one problem,--how to detach the sensual sweet, the sensual strong, the sensual bright, &c., from the moral sweet, the moral deep, the moral fair; that is, again, to contrive to cut clean off this upper surface so thin as to leave it bottomless; to get a one end, without an other end. The soul says, Eat; the body would feast. The soul says, The man and woman shall be one flesh and one soul; the body would join the flesh only. The soul says, Have dominion over all things to the ends of virtue; the body would have the power over things to its own ends.

The soul strives amain to live and work through all things. It would be the only fact. All things shall be added unto it power, pleasure, knowledge, beauty. The particular man aims to be somebody; to set up for himself; to truck and higgle for a private good; and, in particulars, to ride, that he may ride; to dress, that he may be dressed; to eat, that he may eat; and to govern, that he may be seen. Men seek to be great; they would have offices, wealth, power, and fame. They think that to be great is to possess one side of nature,--the sweet, without the other side,--the bitter.

This dividing and detaching is steadily counteracted. Up to this day, it must be owned, no projector has had the smallest success. The parted water reunites behind our hand. Pleasure is taken out of pleasant things, profit out of profitable things, power out of strong things, as soon as we seek to separate them from the whole. We can no more halve things and get the sensual good, by itself, than we can get an inside that shall have no outside, or a light without a shadow. "Drive out nature with a fork, she comes running back."

Life invests itself with inevitable conditions, which the unwise seek to dodge, which one and another brags that he does not know; that they do not touch him; — but the brag is on his lips, the conditions are in his soul. If he escapes them in one part, they attack him in another more vital part. If he has escaped them in form, and in the appearance, it is because he has resisted his life, and fled from himself, and the retribution is so much death. So signal is the failure of all attempts to make this separation of the good from the tax, that the experiment would not be tried,--since to try it is to be mad,--but for the circumstance, that when the disease began in the will, of rebellion and separation, the intellect is at once infected, so that the man ceases to see God whole in each object, but is able to see the sensual allurement of an object, and not see the sensual hurt; he sees the mermaid's head, but not the dragon's tail; and thinks he can cut off that which he would have, from that which he would not have. "How secret art thou who dwellest in the highest heavens in silence, O thou only great God, sprinkling with an unwearied Providence certain penal blindnesses upon such as have unbridled desires!"

The human soul is true to these facts in the painting of fable, of history, of law, of proverbs, of conversation. It finds a tongue in literature unawares. Thus the Greeks called Jupiter, Supreme Mind; but having traditionally ascribed to him many base actions, they involuntarily made amends to reason, by tying up the hands of so bad a god. He is made as helpless as a king of England. Prometheus knows one secret which Jove must bargain for; Minerva, another. He cannot get his own thunders; Minerva keeps the key of them.

"Of all the gods, I only know the keys
That ope the solid doors within whose vaults
His thunders sleep." [Aeschylus]
A plain confession of the in-working of the All, and of its moral aim. The Indian mythology ends in the same ethics; and it would seem impossible for any fable to be invented and get any currency which was not moral. Aurora forgot to ask youth for her lover, and though Tithonus is immortal, he is old. Achilles is not quite invulnerable; the sacred waters did not wash the heel by which Thetis held him. Siegfried, in the Nibelungen, is not quite immortal, for a leaf fell on his back whilst he was bathing in the dragon's blood, and that spot which it covered is mortal. And so it must be. There is a crack in every thing God has made. It would seem, there is always this vindictive circumstance stealing in at unawares, even into the wild poesy in which the human fancy attempted to make bold holiday, and to shake itself free of the old laws, — this back-stroke, this kick of the gun, certifying that the law is fatal; that in nature nothing can be given, all things are sold.

This is that ancient doctrine of Nemesis, who keeps watch in the universe, and lets no offence go unchastised. The Furies, Web Site they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path, they would punish him. The poets related that stone walls, and iron swords, and leathern thongs had an occult sympathy with the wrongs of their owners; that the belt which Ajax gave Hector dragged the Trojan hero over the field at the wheels of the car of Achilles, and the sword which Hector gave Ajax was that on whose point Ajax fell. They recorded, that when the Thasians erected a statue to Theagenes, a victor in the games, one of his rivals went to it by night, and endeavoured to throw it down by repeated blows, until at last he moved it from its pedestal, and was crushed to death beneath its fall.

This voice of fable has in it somewhat divine. It came from thought above the will of the writer. That is the best part of each writer, which has nothing private in it; that which he does not know; that which flowed out of his constitution, and not from his too active invention; that which in the study of a single artist you might not easily find, but in the study of many, you would abstract as the spirit of them all. Phidias it is not, but the work of man in that early Hellenic world, that I would know. The name and circumstance of Phidias, however convenient for history, embarrass when we come to the highest criticism. We are to see that which man was tending to do in a given period, and was hindered, or, if you will, modified in doing, by the interfering volitions of Phidias, of Dante, of Shakspeare, the organ whereby man at the moment wrought.

Still more striking is the expression of this fact in the proverbs of all nations, which are always the literature of reason, or the statements of an absolute truth, without qualification. Proverbs, like the sacred books of each nation, are the sanctuary of the intuitions. That which the droning world, chained to appearances, will not allow the realist to say in his own words, it will suffer him to say in proverbs without contradiction. And this law of laws which the pulpit, the senate, and the college deny, is hourly preached in all markets and workshops by flights of proverbs, whose teaching is as true and as omnipresent as that of birds and flies.

All things are double, one against another.--Tit for tat; an eye for an eye; a tooth for a tooth; blood for blood; measure for measure; love for love.--Give and it shall be given you.--He that watereth shall be watered himself.--What will you have? quoth God; pay for it and take it.--Nothing venture, nothing have.--Thou shalt be paid exactly for what thou hast done, no more, no less.--Who doth not work shall not eat.--Harm watch, harm catch.--Curses always recoil on the head of him who imprecates them. --If you put a chain around the neck of a slave, the other end fastens itself around your own.--Bad counsel confounds the adviser.--The Devil is an ass.

It is thus written, because it is thus in life. Our action is overmastered and characterized above our will by the law of nature. We aim at a petty end quite aside from the public good, but our act arranges itself by irresistible magnetism in a line with the poles of the world.

A man cannot speak but he judges himself. With his will, or against his will, he draws his portrait to the eye of his companions by every word. Every opinion reacts on him who utters it. It is a thread-ball thrown at a mark, but the other end remains in the thrower's bag. Or, rather, it is a harpoon hurled at the whale, unwinding, as it flies, a coil of cord in the boat, and if the harpoon is not good, or not well thrown, it will go nigh to cut the steersman in twain, or to sink the boat.

You cannot do wrong without suffering wrong. "No man had ever a point of pride that was not injurious to him," said Burke. The exclusive in fashionable life does not see that he excludes himself from enjoyment, in the attempt to appropriate it. The exclusionist in religion does not see that he shuts the door of heaven on himself, in striving to shut out others. Treat men as pawns and ninepins, and you shall suffer as well as they. If you leave out their heart, you shall lose your own. The senses would make things of all persons; of women, of children, of the poor. The vulgar proverb, "I will get it from his purse or get it from his skin," is sound philosophy.

All infractions of love and equity in our social relations are speedily punished. They are punished by fear. Whilst I stand in simple relations to my fellow-man, I have no displeasure in meeting him. We meet as water meets water, or as two currents of air mix, with perfect diffusion and interpenetration of nature. But as soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at halfness, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbour feels the wrong; he shrinks from me as far as I have shrunk from him; his eyes no longer seek mine; there is war between us; there is hate in him and fear in me.

All the old abuses in society, universal and particular, all unjust accumulations of property and power, are avenged in the same manner. Fear is an instructer of great sagacity, and the herald of all revolutions. One thing he teaches, that there is rottenness where he appears. He is a carrion crow, and though you see not well what he hovers for, there is death somewhere. Our property is timid, our laws are timid, our cultivated classes are timid. Fear for ages has boded and mowed and gibbered over government and property. That obscene bird is not there for nothing. He indicates great wrongs which must be revised.

Of the like nature is that expectation of change which instantly follows the suspension of our voluntary activity. The terror of cloudless noon, the emerald of Polycrates, the awe of prosperity, the instinct which leads every generous soul to impose on itself tasks of a noble asceticism and vicarious virtue, are the tremblings of the balance of justice through the heart and mind of man.

Experienced men of the world know very well that it is best to pay scot and lot as they go along, and that a man often pays dear for a small frugality. The borrower runs in his own debt. Has a man gained any thing who has received a hundred favors and rendered none? Has he gained by borrowing, through indolence or cunning, his neighbour's wares, or horses, or money? There arises on the deed the instant acknowledgment of benefit on the one part, and of debt on the other; that is, of superiority and inferiority. The transaction remains in the memory of himself and his neighbour; and every new transaction alters, according to its nature, their relation to each other. He may soon come to see that he had better have broken his own bones than to have ridden in his neighbour's coach, and that "the highest price he can pay for a thing is to ask for it."

A wise man will extend this lesson to all parts of life, and know that it is the part of prudence to face every claimant, and pay every just demand on your time, your talents, or your heart. Always pay; for, first or last, you must pay your entire debt. Persons and events may stand for a time between you and justice, but it is only a postponement. You must pay at last your own debt. If you are wise, you will dread a prosperity which only loads you with more. Benefit is the end of nature. But for every benefit which you receive, a tax is levied. He is great who confers the most benefits. He is base--and that is the one base thing in the universe--to receive favors and render none. In the order of nature we cannot render benefits to those from whom we receive them, or only seldom. But the benefit we receive must be rendered again, line for line, deed for deed, cent for cent, to somebody. Beware of too much good staying in your hand. It will fast corrupt and worm worms. Pay it away quickly in some sort.

Labor is watched over by the same pitiless laws. Cheapest, say the prudent, is the dearest labor. What we buy in a broom, a mat, a wagon, a knife, is some application of good sense to a common want. It is best to pay in your land a skilful gardener, or to buy good sense applied to gardening; in your sailor, good sense applied to navigation; in the house, good sense applied to cooking, sewing, serving; in your agent, good sense applied to accounts and affairs. So do you multiply your presence, or spread yourself throughout your estate. But because of the dual constitution of things, in labor as in life there can be no cheating. The thief steals from himself. The swindler swindles himself. For the real price of labor is knowledge and virtue, whereof wealth and credit are signs. These signs, like paper money, may be counterfeited or stolen, but that which they represent, namely, knowledge and virtue, cannot be counterfeited or stolen. These ends of labor cannot be answered but by real exertions of the mind, and in obedience to pure motives. The cheat, the defaulter, the gambler, cannot extort the knowledge of material and moral nature which his honest care and pains yield to the operative. The law of nature is, Do the thing, and you shall have the power: but they who do not the thing have not the power.

Human labor, through all its forms, from the sharpening of a stake to the construction of a city or an epic, is one immense illustration of the perfect compensation of the universe. The absolute balance of Give and Take, the doctrine that every thing has its price,--and if that price is not paid, not that thing but something else is obtained, and that it is impossible to get any thing without its price,--is not less sublime in the columns of a leger than in the budgets of states, in the laws of light and darkness, in all the action and reaction of nature. I cannot doubt that the high laws which each man sees implicated in those processes with which he is conversant, the stern ethics which sparkle on his chisel-edge, which are measured out by his plumb and foot-rule, which stand as manifest in the footing of the shop-bill as in the history of a state, --do recommend to him his trade, and though seldom named, exalt his business to his imagination.

The league between virtue and nature engages all things to assume a hostile front to vice. The beautiful laws and substances of the world persecute and whip the traitor. He finds that things are arranged for truth and benefit, but there is no den in the wide world to hide a rogue. Commit a crime, and the earth is made of glass. Commit a crime, and it seems as if a coat of snow fell on the ground, such as reveals in the woods the track of every partridge and fox and squirrel and mole. You cannot recall the spoken word, you cannot wipe out the foot-track, you cannot draw up the ladder, so as to leave no inlet or clew. Some damning circumstance always transpires. The laws and substances of nature--water, snow, wind, gravitation--become penalties to the thief.

On the other hand, the law holds with equal sureness for all right action. Love, and you shall be loved. All love is mathematically just, as much as the two sides of an algebraic equation. The good man has absolute good, which like fire turns every thing to its own nature, so that you cannot do him any harm; but as the royal armies sent against Napoleon, when he approached, cast down their colors and from enemies became friends, so disasters of all kinds, as sickness, offence, poverty, prove benefactors:--

"Winds blow and waters roll
Strength to the brave, and power and deity,
Yet in themselves are nothing."
The good are befriended even by weakness and defect. As no man had ever a point of pride that was not injurious to him, so no man had ever a defect that was not somewhere made useful to him. The stag in the fable admired his horns and blamed his feet, but when the hunter came, his feet saved him, and afterwards, caught in the thicket, his horns destroyed him. Every man in his lifetime needs to thank his faults. As no man thoroughly understands a truth until he has contended against it, so no man has a thorough acquaintance with the hindrances or talents of men, until he has suffered from the one, and seen the triumph of the other over his own want of the same. Has he a defect of temper that unfits him to live in society? Thereby he is driven to entertain himself alone, and acquire habits of self-help; and thus, like the wounded oyster, he mends his shell with pearl.

Our strength grows out of our weakness. The indignation which arms itself with secret forces does not awaken until we are pricked and stung and sorely assailed. A great man is always willing to be little. Whilst he sits on the cushion of advantages, he goes to sleep. When he is pushed, tormented, defeated, he has a chance to learn something; he has been put on his wits, on his manhood; he has gained facts; learns his ignorance; is cured of the insanity of conceit; has got moderation and real skill. The wise man throws himself on the side of his assailants. It is more his interest than it is theirs to find his weak point. The wound cicatrizes and falls off from him like a dead skin, and when they would triumph, lo! he has passed on invulnerable. Blame is safer than praise. I hate to be defended in a newspaper. As long as all that is said is said against me, I feel a certain assurance of success. But as soon as honeyed words of praise are spoken for me, I feel as one that lies unprotected before his enemies. In general, every evil to which we do not succumb is a benefactor. As the Sandwich Islander believes that the strength and valor of the enemy he kills passes into himself, so we gain the strength of the temptation we resist.

The same guards which protect us from disaster, defect, and enmity, defend us, if we will, from selfishness and fraud. Bolts and bars are not the best of our institutions, nor is shrewdness in trade a mark of wisdom. Men suffer all their life long, under the foolish superstition that they can be cheated. But it is as impossible for a man to be cheated by any one but himself, as for a thing to be and not to be at the same time. There is a third silent party to all our bargains. The nature and soul of things takes on itself the guaranty of the fulfilment of every contract, so that honest service cannot come to loss. If you serve an ungrateful master, serve him the more. Put God in your debt. Every stroke shall be repaid. The longer the payment is withholden, the better for you; for compound interest on compound interest is the rate and usage of this exchequer.

The history of persecution is a history of endeavours to cheat nature, to make water run up hill, to twist a rope of sand. It makes no difference whether the actors be many or one, a tyrant or a mob. A mob is a society of bodies voluntarily bereaving themselves of reason, and traversing its work. The mob is man voluntarily descending to the nature of the beast. Its fit hour of activity is night. Its actions are insane like its whole constitution. It persecutes a principle; it would whip a right; it would tar and feather justice, by inflicting fire and outrage upon the houses and persons of those who have these. It resembles the prank of boys, who run with fire-engines to put out the ruddy aurora streaming to the stars. The inviolate spirit turns their spite against the wrongdoers. The martyr cannot be dishonored. Every lash inflicted is a tongue of fame; every prison, a more illustrious abode; every burned book or house enlightens the world; every suppressed or expunged word reverberates through the earth from side to side. Hours of sanity and consideration are always arriving to communities, as to individuals, when the truth is seen, and the martyrs are justified.

Thus do all things preach the indifferency of circumstances. The man is all. Every thing has two sides, a good and an evil. Every advantage has its tax. I learn to be content. But the doctrine of compensation is not the doctrine of indifferency. The thoughtless say, on hearing these representations,--What boots it to do well? there is one event to good and evil; if I gain any good, I must pay for it; if I lose any good, I gain some other; all actions are indifferent.

There is a deeper fact in the soul than compensation, to wit, its own nature. The soul is not a compensation, but a life. The soul is. Under all this running sea of circumstance, whose waters ebb and flow with perfect balance, lies the aboriginal abyss of real Being. Essence, or God, is not a relation, or a part, but the whole. Being is the vast affirmative, excluding negation, self-balanced, and swallowing up all relations, parts, and times within itself. Nature, truth, virtue, are the influx from thence. Vice is the absence or departure of the same. Nothing, Falsehood, may indeed stand as the great Night or shade, on which, as a background, the living universe paints itself forth; but no fact is begotten by it; it cannot work; for it is not. It cannot work any good; it cannot work any harm. It is harm inasmuch as it is worse not to be than to be.

We feel defrauded of the retribution due to evil acts, because the criminal adheres to his vice and contumacy, and does not come to a crisis or judgment anywhere in visible nature. There is no stunning confutation of his nonsense before men and angels. Has he therefore outwitted the law? Inasmuch as he carries the malignity and the lie with him, he so far deceases from nature. In some manner there will be a demonstration of the wrong to the understanding also; but should we not see it, this deadly deduction makes square the eternal account.

Neither can it be said, on the other hand, that the gain of rectitude must be bought by any loss. There is no penalty to virtue; no penalty to wisdom; they are proper additions of being. In a virtuous action, I properly am; in a virtuous act, I add to the world; I plant into deserts conquered from Chaos and Nothing, and see the darkness receding on the limits of the horizon. There can be no excess to love; none to knowledge; none to beauty, when these attributes are considered in the purest sense. The soul refuses limits, and always affirms an Optimism, never a Pessimism.

His life is a progress, and not a station. His instinct is trust. Our instinct uses "more" and "less" in application to man, of the presence of the soul, and not of its absence; the brave man is greater than the coward; the true, the benevolent, the wise, is more a man, and not less, than the fool and knave. There is no tax on the good of virtue; for that is the incoming of God himself, or absolute existence, without any comparative. Material good has its tax, and if it came without desert or sweat, has no root in me, and the next wind will blow it away. But all the good of nature is the soul's, and may be had, if paid for in nature's lawful coin, that is, by labor which the heart and the head allow. I no longer wish to meet a good I do not earn, for example, to find a pot of buried gold, knowing that it brings with it new burdens. I do not wish more external goods,--neither possessions, nor honors, nor powers, nor persons. The gain is apparent; the tax is certain. But there is no tax on the knowledge that the compensation exists, and that it is not desirable to dig up treasure. Herein I rejoice with a serene eternal peace. I contract the boundaries of possible mischief. I learn the wisdom of St. Bernard, --"Nothing can work me damage except myself; the harm that I sustain I carry about with me, and never am a real sufferer but by my own fault."

In the nature of the soul is the compensation for the inequalities of condition. The radical tragedy of nature seems to be the distinction of More and Less. How can Less not feel the pain; how not feel indignation or malevolence towards More? Look at those who have less faculty, and one feels sad, and knows not well what to make of it. He almost shuns their eye; he fears they will upbraid God. What should they do? It seems a great injustice. But see the facts nearly, and these mountainous inequalities vanish. Love reduces them, as the sun melts the iceberg in the sea. The heart and soul of all men being one, this bitterness of His and Mine ceases. His is mine. I am my brother, and my brother is me. If I feel overshadowed and outdone by great neighbours, I can yet love; I can still receive; and he that loveth maketh his own the grandeur he loves. Thereby I make the discovery that my brother is my guardian, acting for me with the friendliest designs, and the estate I so admired and envied is my own. It is the nature of the soul to appropriate all things. Jesus and Shakspeare are fragments of the soul, and by love I conquer and incorporate them in my own conscious domain. His virtue,--is not that mine? His wit,--if it cannot be made mine, it is not wit.

Such, also, is the natural history of calamity. The changes which break up at short intervals the prosperity of men are advertisements of a nature whose law is growth. Every soul is by this intrinsic necessity quitting its whole system of things, its friends, and home, and laws, and faith, as the shell-fish crawls out of its beautiful but stony case, because it no longer admits of its growth, and slowly forms a new house. [Compare with Oliver Wendell Holmes' poem, "Nautilus."] In proportion to the vigor of the individual, these revolutions are frequent, until in some happier mind they are incessant, and all worldly relations hang very loosely about him, becoming, as it were, a transparent fluid membrane through which the living form is seen, and not, as in most men, an indurated heterogeneous fabric of many dates, and of no settled character in which the man is imprisoned. Then there can be enlargement, and the man of to-day scarcely recognizes the man of yesterday. And such should be the outward biography of man in time, a putting off of dead circumstances day by day, as he renews his raiment day by day. But to us, in our lapsed estate, resting, not advancing, resisting, not cooperating with the divine expansion, this growth comes by shocks.

We cannot part with our friends. We cannot let our angels go. We do not see that they only go out, that archangels may come in. Inner link We are idolaters of the old. We do not believe in the riches of the soul, in its proper eternity and omnipresence. We do not believe there is any force in to-day to rival or recreate that beautiful yesterday. We linger in the ruins of the old tent, where once we had bread and shelter and organs, nor believe that the spirit can feed, cover, and nerve us again. We cannot again find aught so dear, so sweet, so graceful. But we sit and weep in vain. The voice of the Almighty saith, 'Up and onward for evermore!' We cannot stay amid the ruins. Neither will we rely on the new; and so we walk ever with reverted eyes, like those monsters who look backwards.

And yet the compensations of calamity are made apparent to the understanding also, after long intervals of time. A fever, a mutilation, a cruel disappointment, a loss of wealth, a loss of friends, seems at the moment unpaid loss, and unpayable. But the sure years reveal the deep remedial force that underlies all facts. The death of a dear friend, wife, brother, lover, which seemed nothing but privation, somewhat later assumes the aspect of a guide or genius; for it commonly operates revolutions in our way of life, terminates an epoch of infancy or of youth which was waiting to be closed, breaks up a wonted occupation, or a household, or style of living, and allows the formation of new ones more friendly to the growth of character. It permits or constrains the formation of new acquaintances, and the reception of new influences that prove of the first importance to the next years; and the man or woman who would have remained a sunny garden-flower, with no room for its roots and too much sunshine for its head, by the falling of the walls and the neglect of the gardener, is made the banian of the forest, yielding shade and fruit to wide neighbourhoods of men.

Selected Criticism on "Compensation"

Pommer, Henry F. "The Contents and Basis of Emerson's Belief in Compensation." PMLA 77 (June 1962): 248-53. Also in American Literature, ed. Young and Fine.
Panek, Le Roy Lad. "Imagery and Emerson's 'Compensation.'" 18 (4 Quarter 1962): 218-221.
Lee, Roland F. "Emerson's 'Compensation' as Argument and Art." New England Quarterly 37 (Sept 1964): 291-305.
Riepe, Dale. "Emerson and Indian PHilosophy." Journal of the History of Ideas 28 (Jan-March 1967): 115-22.
Bottorff, William K. "'Compensation,' Emerson's Ebb and Flow." American Studies [Taiwan] 9 (March 1979): 1-9.
Hughes, Gertrude Reif. Emerson's Demanding Optimism. Baton Rouge: LSU P, 1984.
Lasch, Christopher. The True and Only Heaven: Progress and Its Critics. NY: W. W. Norton, 1991.
Jacobson, David. "'Compensation': Exteriority Beyond the Spirit of Revenge. ESQ 33 (2 Quarter 1987): 110-119.
Larson, Kerry. "Justice to Emerson." Raritan: A Quarterly Review, 21:3 (2002 Winter), 46-67.

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            "outline": "Section sans titre:\n   Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation\n     Temporal Dichotomy: The Contrast of Day and Night,\n     Natural Balance Between Mountains and Oceans.\n     Feud of Want and Have in Relation to Natural Phenomena,\n     Measurement of Spatial Variations by Electric Star and Pencil.\n     Symbolic Representation of Earth's Solitude and Insignificance in the Universe,\n     Metaphor of Man and Wealth as Elm and Vine Indicating Strength and Deception ;\n     Reassurance of Divine Protection for the Vulnerable,\n     The Rewards of Effort and Nature's Gifts,\n     Desire to Write a Discourse on Compensation and Its Perceived Superiority Over Theology.\n     Confirmation of Doctrine of Compensation through Sermon on the Last Judgment.\n     Questioning the Interpretation of the Doctrine of Compensation in the Afterlife.\n     The Misinterpretation of Deferred Justice and Retribution\n     Critique of Preacher's Concession and Misguided Notion of Success.\n     Critique of Contemporary Religious Works and Popular Theology.\n     Introduction to the Law of Compensation Chapter.\n     Description of Polarity and Dualism in Natural Phenomena.\n     Principle of Dualism and Magnetic Polarity.\n     Principle of Dualism and Compensation in Natural and Biological Systems.\n     Illustration of Mechanical Forces Theory: Power-Time Trade-off.\n     Astronomical Errors and Their Compensatory Nature.\n     Influences of Climate and Soil on Political History.\n     The Dualism of Human Nature and Balance of Excesses and Defects.\n     Natural Equalization of Social Conditions and Circumstances.\n     Nature's Role in Softening the Morose Citizen Through Familial Bonds.\n     The Cost of Presidential Power and Public Perception.\n     The Sacrifices and Responsibilities of Genius and Eminence.\n     Immutable Nature of Universal Law and its Influence on Governance.\n     Consequences of Government Actions on Social and Legal Dynamics.\n     Human Fulfillment and Satisfaction Independent of External Conditions.\n     The Universality of Character Influence Across Different Governments and Historical Periods.\n     Universe Representation in Every Particle and Unified Nature in Metamorphosis.\n     Repetition of Universal Characteristics in Each New Form.\n     Holistic Representation of Human Life in Occupations and Trades.\n     Analogy of Perfection and Completeness in Small Entities.\n     Doctrine of Omnipresence and Universal Balance.\n     The Living Universe and the Moral Law\n     The Immediacy and Universality of Justice.\n     The Inherent Balance and Reciprocity of the Universe.\n     The Inescapable Nature of Retribution and Justice.\n     Doctrine of Causal Retribution and Inseparability of Cause and Effect.\n     Conflict Between Holistic Worldview and Human Partial Actions.\n     Human Ingenuity in Separating Sensual from Moral Qualities.\n     Contrast Between Spiritual and Physical Desires.\n     The Soul's Pursuit of Comprehensive Existence and Enrichment.\n     Individual Ambitions and Misconceptions of Greatness.\n     \"Failure of Attempts to Divide and Detach Elements from the Whole\".\n     Inherent Interdependence of Pleasure, Profit, and Power.\n     Indivisibility of Sensual Goods and Natural Conditions\n     Inevitable Conditions of Life and the Futility of Denial.\n     Consequences of Evading Life's Inevitabilities and Their Resulting Retribution.\n     The Inescapable Failure of Separating Good from Tax and the Consequences of Intellectual Corruption\n     Role of the Human Soul in Reflecting Truth Through Various Forms of Expression.\n     Greek Mythology: Rationalizing the Deeds of Jupiter.\n     Prometheus and Minerva's Control Over Jove's Secrets and Thunders.\n     Confession of Universal Influence and Moral Purpose.\n     Ethical Consistency in Indian Mythology and Moral Imperative in Fables.\n     The Myth of Aurora and Tithonus' Immortal Aging.\n     Achilles' Vulnerability Due to Unwashed Heel.\n     Siegfried's Vulnerability Due to Leaf Covering Mortal Spot.\n     Inevitability of Imperfection in Creation.\n     Doctrine of Nemesis: Unavoidable Retribution and Inescapable Laws in Nature.\n     Doctrine of Nemesis: Universal Vigilance and Inescapable Retribution.\n     The Furies as Attendants on Justice and Cosmic Retribution.\n     Mythological Allegories of Sympathetic Retribution in Objects.\n     Account of Rival's Death Due to the Fallen Statue of Theagenes.\n     The Divine Inspiration and Collective Spirit in Writing.\n     Critique of Historical Figures' Influence on Artistic and Cultural Evolution.\n     The Universality and Authority of Proverbs in Expressing Absolute Truths.\n     Principle of Reciprocity and Consequences in Proverbs.\n     \"The Dominance of Natural Law Over Human Intentions\".\n     The Self-Judgment and Consequences of Speech.\n     Consequences of Pride and Exclusion in Social and Religious Life.\n     Consequences of Departing from Simplicity and Equity in Social Relations.\n     The Role of Fear in Revealing and Avenging Social Injustices.\n     Expectation of Change Following Suspension of Voluntary Activity.\n     Value of Paying Obligations Promptly and Consequences of Excessive Frugality.\n     Borrower's Self-Incurred Debt.\n   Question on the Net Benefit of Receiving Favors Without Reciprocation ?\n   Questioning Gains from Borrowing Neighbor's Property Through Indolence or Cunning ?\n   Acknowledgment of Benefit and Debt in Transactions Altering Mutual Relations.\n   Realization of the True Cost of Dependency and Asking for Favors\n   Prudence in Fulfilling Obligations and Avoiding Deferred Debts.\n   Reciprocal Obligation and the Natural Law of Benefits.\n   Prudent Advice on the True Cost of Labor.\n   Application of Practical Wisdom in Everyday Purchases.\n   Importance of Employing Skilled Professionals for Efficient Management of Various Tasks.\n   Inescapable Consequences of Dishonesty in Labor and Life.\n   Intrinsic Value of Labor: Knowledge and Virtue as Inimitable and Unstealable.\n   Necessity of Genuine Mental Effort and Pure Motives for Achieving Labor's True Goals.\n   Inability of Dishonest Individuals to Acquire Knowledge Through Deception.\n   Principle of Natural Law: Power Through Action.\n   Doctrine of Universal Compensation and the Ethical Significance of Human Labor.\n   The Inescapable Consequences of Vice and Crime in Natural Law.\n   The Certainty of Law in Rewarding Virtuous Actions and The Transformative Power of Goodness\n   Poetic Illustration of Strength and Power's Reliance on Virtue,\n   Virtue Benefits from Weakness and Defect.\n   The Utility of Defects and the Harm of Pride.\n   Value of Personal Faults and Adversity in Understanding Truth and Talent.\n   Consequences of Social Unfitness and Development of Self-Help Skills.\n   Strength Derived from Adversity and Hidden Indignation.\n   The Transformative Power of Adversity for Personal Growth.\n   The Wise Man's Strategy of Self-Examination Through Adversity.\n   Healing and Resilience Against Adversaries' Triumph.\n   Perceived Safety in Criticism Over Praise.\n   General Principle: Resilience as a Source of Strength.\n   Analogy of Strength Gained from Resisting Temptation.\n   Guards Protecting Against Disaster and Moral Corruption.\n   Critique of Physical Security Measures and Trade Shrewdness as Indicators of Wisdom.\n   The Illusion of External Deception and Self-Inflicted Loss.\n   Existence of an Implicit Third Party Ensuring Contract Fulfillment.\n   Service to an Ungrateful Master and Divine Compensation.\n   Historical Ineffectiveness of Persecution Regardless of Perpetrators.\n   Definition and Characteristics of a Mob.\n   Persecution of Principles and Rights by Violent Actions.\n   Comparison to Futile Efforts of Boys with Fire-Engines.\n   Indomitable Spirit and the Honoring of Martyrs.\n   Recognition of Truth and Justification of Martyrs in Moments of Clarity.\n   Doctrine of Indifferency and the Duality of Circumstances.\n   Distinction Between Doctrine of Compensation and Indifferency.\n   The Inherent Nature and Affirmative Essence of the Soul.\n   Perceived Lack of Retribution for Evil Acts and Its Ultimate Consequences.\n   No Penalty for Virtue and Wisdom; They Are Additions to Being.\n   The Transformative Impact of Virtuous Actions.\n   Limitlessness of Love, Knowledge, and Beauty in Their Purest Forms.\n   Affirmation of Optimism and Rejection of Limits by the Soul.\n   Life as Continuous Progress and Instinct of Trust.\n   Instinctual Valuation of Human Virtue and Bravery.\n   \"No Taxation on the Good of Virtue: Divine and Absolute Existence\".\n   Taxation and Ephemeral Nature of Undeserved Material Goods.\n   Entitlement to Natural Wealth Through Legitimate Effort.\n   Desire to Avoid Unearned Good Due to Associated Burdens.\n   Renunciation of External Goods Due to Associated Burdens.\n   No Taxation on Knowledge and Inner Peace.\n   Limitation of Personal Harm and Wisdom of St. Bernard\n   Compensation for Inequalities in the Nature of the Soul.\n   Distinction of More and Less as a Source of Pain and Indignation ?\n   Perception of Inequities and the Role of Love in Reducing Social Disparities.\n   Unity and Brotherhood: The Dissolution of Bitterness.\n   The Transformative Power of Love and Recognition of Brotherhood.\n   The Soul's Power of Appropriation and Incorporation.\n   Calamity as a Catalyst for Growth and Evolution.\n   Intrinsic Necessity of Personal Growth and Transformation\n   Frequency of Personal Revolutions in Relation to Individual Vigor.\n   Transformation and Personal Growth Over Time.\n   The Continuous Renewal and Evolution of Man's Outer Life.\n   Resistance to Divine Growth and Its Consequences.\n   Resistance to Letting Go of the Past and Embracing the Present.\n   Recognition of Calamity's Compensations Over Time.\n   Immediate Perception of Loss as Irretrievable and Uncompensated.\n   Long-Term Healing Potential of Adverse Events.\n   Transformative Impact of Loss on Personal Development and Life Changes.\n   Impact of Loss on Personal Development and Social Growth.\n   Selected Criticism on \"Compensation\"\n     Citation: Pommer, Henry F. \"The Contents and Basis of Emerson's Belief in Compensation.\".\n     Citation: Panek, Le Roy Lad. \"Imagery and Emerson's 'Compensation.'\" 18 (4 Quarter 1962): 218-221.\n     Citation of Lee, Roland F., \"Emerson's 'Compensation' as Argument and Art\" in New England Quarterly 37 (Sept 1964): 291-305.\n     Reference Citation for Dale Riepe's \"Emerson and Indian Philosophy\" Article.",
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            "outline": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation\n   Temporal Dichotomy: The Contrast of Day and Night,\n   Natural Balance Between Mountains and Oceans.\n   Feud of Want and Have in Relation to Natural Phenomena,\n   Measurement of Spatial Variations by Electric Star and Pencil.\n   Symbolic Representation of Earth's Solitude and Insignificance in the Universe,\n   Metaphor of Man and Wealth as Elm and Vine Indicating Strength and Deception ;\n   Reassurance of Divine Protection for the Vulnerable,\n   The Rewards of Effort and Nature's Gifts,\n   Desire to Write a Discourse on Compensation and Its Perceived Superiority Over Theology.\n   Confirmation of Doctrine of Compensation through Sermon on the Last Judgment.\n   Questioning the Interpretation of the Doctrine of Compensation in the Afterlife.\n   The Misinterpretation of Deferred Justice and Retribution\n   Critique of Preacher's Concession and Misguided Notion of Success.\n   Critique of Contemporary Religious Works and Popular Theology.\n   Introduction to the Law of Compensation Chapter.\n   Description of Polarity and Dualism in Natural Phenomena.\n   Principle of Dualism and Magnetic Polarity.\n   Principle of Dualism and Compensation in Natural and Biological Systems.\n   Illustration of Mechanical Forces Theory: Power-Time Trade-off.\n   Astronomical Errors and Their Compensatory Nature.\n   Influences of Climate and Soil on Political History.\n   The Dualism of Human Nature and Balance of Excesses and Defects.\n   Natural Equalization of Social Conditions and Circumstances.\n   Nature's Role in Softening the Morose Citizen Through Familial Bonds.\n   The Cost of Presidential Power and Public Perception.\n   The Sacrifices and Responsibilities of Genius and Eminence.\n   Immutable Nature of Universal Law and its Influence on Governance.\n   Consequences of Government Actions on Social and Legal Dynamics.\n   Human Fulfillment and Satisfaction Independent of External Conditions.\n   The Universality of Character Influence Across Different Governments and Historical Periods.\n   Universe Representation in Every Particle and Unified Nature in Metamorphosis.\n   Repetition of Universal Characteristics in Each New Form.\n   Holistic Representation of Human Life in Occupations and Trades.\n   Analogy of Perfection and Completeness in Small Entities.\n   Doctrine of Omnipresence and Universal Balance.\n   The Living Universe and the Moral Law\n   The Immediacy and Universality of Justice.\n   The Inherent Balance and Reciprocity of the Universe.\n   The Inescapable Nature of Retribution and Justice.\n   Doctrine of Causal Retribution and Inseparability of Cause and Effect.\n   Conflict Between Holistic Worldview and Human Partial Actions.\n   Human Ingenuity in Separating Sensual from Moral Qualities.\n   Contrast Between Spiritual and Physical Desires.\n   The Soul's Pursuit of Comprehensive Existence and Enrichment.\n   Individual Ambitions and Misconceptions of Greatness.\n   \"Failure of Attempts to Divide and Detach Elements from the Whole\".\n   Inherent Interdependence of Pleasure, Profit, and Power.\n   Indivisibility of Sensual Goods and Natural Conditions\n   Inevitable Conditions of Life and the Futility of Denial.\n   Consequences of Evading Life's Inevitabilities and Their Resulting Retribution.\n   The Inescapable Failure of Separating Good from Tax and the Consequences of Intellectual Corruption\n   Role of the Human Soul in Reflecting Truth Through Various Forms of Expression.\n   Greek Mythology: Rationalizing the Deeds of Jupiter.\n   Prometheus and Minerva's Control Over Jove's Secrets and Thunders.\n   Confession of Universal Influence and Moral Purpose.\n   Ethical Consistency in Indian Mythology and Moral Imperative in Fables.\n   The Myth of Aurora and Tithonus' Immortal Aging.\n   Achilles' Vulnerability Due to Unwashed Heel.\n   Siegfried's Vulnerability Due to Leaf Covering Mortal Spot.\n   Inevitability of Imperfection in Creation.\n   Doctrine of Nemesis: Unavoidable Retribution and Inescapable Laws in Nature.\n   Doctrine of Nemesis: Universal Vigilance and Inescapable Retribution.\n   The Furies as Attendants on Justice and Cosmic Retribution.\n   Mythological Allegories of Sympathetic Retribution in Objects.\n   Account of Rival's Death Due to the Fallen Statue of Theagenes.\n   The Divine Inspiration and Collective Spirit in Writing.\n   Critique of Historical Figures' Influence on Artistic and Cultural Evolution.\n   The Universality and Authority of Proverbs in Expressing Absolute Truths.\n   Principle of Reciprocity and Consequences in Proverbs.\n   \"The Dominance of Natural Law Over Human Intentions\".\n   The Self-Judgment and Consequences of Speech.\n   Consequences of Pride and Exclusion in Social and Religious Life.\n   Consequences of Departing from Simplicity and Equity in Social Relations.\n   The Role of Fear in Revealing and Avenging Social Injustices.\n   Expectation of Change Following Suspension of Voluntary Activity.\n   Value of Paying Obligations Promptly and Consequences of Excessive Frugality.\n   Borrower's Self-Incurred Debt.",
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            "name": "Temporal Dichotomy: The Contrast of Day and Night",
            "content": "The wings of Time are black and white,\nPied with morning and with night.",
            "outline": "",
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        "properties": {
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            "name": "Natural Balance Between Mountains and Oceans",
            "content": "Mountain tall and ocean deep\nTrembling balance duly keep.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:001",
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        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Feud of Want and Have in Relation to Natural Phenomena",
            "content": "In changing moon, in tidal wave,\nGlows the feud of Want and Have.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:002",
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            "order": 2,
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    },
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        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Measurement of Spatial Variations by Electric Star and Pencil",
            "content": "Gauge of more and less through space\nElectric star and pencil plays.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:003",
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    },
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        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Symbolic Representation of Earth's Solitude and Insignificance in the Universe",
            "content": "The lonely Earth amid the balls\nThat hurry through the eternal halls,\nA makeweight flying to the void,\nSupplemental asteroid,\nOr compensatory spark,\nShoots across the neutral Dark.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:004",
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    },
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        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Metaphor of Man and Wealth as Elm and Vine Indicating Strength and Deception",
            "content": "Man's the elm, and Wealth the vine;\nStanch and strong the tendrils twine:\nThough the frail ringlets thee deceive,\nNone from its stock that vine can reave.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:005",
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            "order": 5,
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        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Reassurance of Divine Protection for the Vulnerable",
            "content": "Fear not, then, thou child infirm,\nThere's no god dare wrong a worm.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:006",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
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        }
    },
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        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Rewards of Effort and Nature's Gifts",
            "content": "Laurel crowns cleave to deserts,\nAnd power to him who power exerts;\nHast not thy share? On winged feet,\nLo! it rushes thee to meet;\nAnd all that Nature made thy own,\nFloating in air or pent in stone,\nWill rive the hills and swim the sea,\nAnd, like thy shadow, follow thee.",
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            "path": "000:000:007",
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            "order": 7,
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        }
    },
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        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Desire to Write a Discourse on Compensation and Its Perceived Superiority Over Theology",
            "content": "Ever since I was a boy, I have wished to write a discourse on Compensation: for it seemed to me when very young, that on this subject life was ahead of theology, and the people knew more than the preachers taught. The documents, too, from which the doctrine is to be drawn, charmed my fancy by their endless variety, and lay always before me, even in sleep; for they are the tools in our hands, the bread in our basket, the transactions of the street, the farm, and the dwelling-house, greetings, relations, debts and credits, the influence of character, the nature and endowment of all men. It seemed to me, also, that in it might be shown men a ray of divinity, the present action of the soul of this world, clean from all vestige of tradition, and so the heart of man might be bathed by an inundation of eternal love, conversing with that which he knows was always and always must be, because it really is now. It appeared, moreover, that if this doctrine could be stated in terms with any resemblance to those bright intuitions in which this truth is sometimes revealed to us, it would be a star in many dark hours and crooked passages in our journey that would not suffer us to lose our way.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:008",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 8,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Confirmation of Doctrine of Compensation through Sermon on the Last Judgment",
            "content": "I was lately confirmed in these desires by hearing a sermon at church. The preacher, a man esteemed for his orthodoxy, unfolded in the ordinary manner the doctrine of the Last Judgment. He assumed, that judgment is not executed in this world; that the wicked are successful; that the good are miserable; and then urged from reason and from Scripture a compensation to be made to both parties in the next life. No offence appeared to be taken by the congregation at this doctrine. As far as I could observe, when the meeting broke up, they separated without remark on the sermon.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:009",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 9,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
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        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Questioning the Interpretation of the Doctrine of Compensation in the Afterlife",
            "content": "Yet what was the import of this teaching? What did the preacher mean by saying that the good are miserable in the present life? Was it that houses and lands, offices, wine, horses, dress, luxury, are had by unprincipled men, whilst the saints are poor and despised; and that a compensation is to be made to these last hereafter, by giving them the like gratifications another day,--bank-stock and doubloons, venison and champagne? This must be the compensation intended; for what else? Is it that they are to have leave to pray and praise? to love and serve men? Why, that they can do now.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:010",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
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        }
    },
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            "title": "",
            "name": "The Misinterpretation of Deferred Justice and Retribution",
            "content": "The legitimate inference the disciple would draw was,--'We are to have such a good time as the sinners have now';--or, to push it to its extreme import, --'You sin now; we shall sin by and by; we would sin now, if we could; not being successful, we expect our revenge to-morrow.'",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:011",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 11,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
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        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Critique of Preacher's Concession and Misguided Notion of Success",
            "content": "The fallacy lay in the immense concession, that the bad are successful; that justice is not done now. The blindness of the preacher consisted in deferring to the base estimate of the market of what constitutes a manly success, instead of confronting and convicting the world from the truth; announcing the presence of the soul; the omnipotence of the will: and so establishing the standard of good and ill, of success and falsehood.",
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            "path": "000:000:012",
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            "order": 12,
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        }
    },
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        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Critique of Contemporary Religious Works and Popular Theology",
            "content": "I find a similar base tone in the popular religious works of the day, and the same doctrines assumed by the literary men when occasionally they treat the related topics. I think that our popular theology has gained in decorum, and not in principle, over the superstitions it has displaced. But men are better than this theology. Their daily life gives it the lie. Every ingenuous and aspiring soul leaves the doctrine behind him in his own experience; and all men feel sometimes the falsehood which they cannot demonstrate. For men are wiser than they know. That which they hear in schools and pulpits without after-thought, if said in conversation, would probably be questioned in silence. If a man dogmatize in a mixed company on Providence and the divine laws, he is answered by a silence which conveys well enough to an observer the dissatisfaction of the hearer, but his incapacity to make his own statement.",
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            "path": "000:000:013",
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            "order": 13,
            "type": "body"
        }
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        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Introduction to the Law of Compensation Chapter",
            "content": "I shall attempt in this and the following chapter to record some facts that indicate the path of the law of Compensation; happy beyond my expectation, if I shall truly draw the smallest arc of this circle.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:014",
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            "order": 14,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
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        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Description of Polarity and Dualism in Natural Phenomena",
            "content": "POLARITY, or action and reaction, we meet in every part of nature; in darkness and light; in heat and cold; in the ebb and flow of waters; in male and female; in the inspiration and expiration of plants and animals; in the equation of quantity and quality in the fluids of the animal body; in the systole and diastole of the heart; in the undulations of fluids, and of sound; in the centrifugal and centripetal gravity; in electricity, galvanism, and chemical affinity.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:015",
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            "order": 15,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
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        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Principle of Dualism and Magnetic Polarity",
            "content": "Superinduce magnetism at one end of a needle; the opposite magnetism takes place at the other end. If the south attracts, the north repels. To empty here, you must condense there. An inevitable dualism bisects nature, so that each thing is a half, and suggests another thing to make it whole; as, spirit, matter; man, woman; odd, even; subjective, objective; in, out; upper, under; motion, rest; yea, nay.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:016",
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            "order": 16,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
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        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Principle of Dualism and Compensation in Natural and Biological Systems",
            "content": "Whilst the world is thus dual, so is every one of its parts. The entire system of things gets represented in every particle. There is somewhat that resembles the ebb and flow of the sea, day and night, man and woman, in a single needle of the pine, in a kernel of corn, in each individual of every animal tribe. The reaction, so grand in the elements, is repeated within these small boundaries. For example, in the animal kingdom the physiologist has observed that no creatures are favorites, but a certain compensation balances every gift and every defect. A surplusage given to one part is paid out of a reduction from another part of the same creature. If the head and neck are enlarged, the trunk and extremities are cut short.",
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            "path": "000:000:017",
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            "order": 17,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
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        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Illustration of Mechanical Forces Theory: Power-Time Trade-off",
            "content": "The theory of the mechanic forces is another example. What we gain in power is lost in time; and the converse.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:018",
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            "order": 18,
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        }
    },
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        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Astronomical Errors and Their Compensatory Nature",
            "content": "The periodic or compensating errors of the planets is another instance.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:019",
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            "order": 19,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
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        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Influences of Climate and Soil on Political History",
            "content": "The influences of climate and soil in political history are another. The cold climate invigorates. The barren soil does not breed fevers, crocodiles, tigers, or scorpions.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:020",
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        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Dualism of Human Nature and Balance of Excesses and Defects",
            "content": "The same dualism underlies the nature and condition of man. Every excess causes a defect; every defect an excess. Every sweet hath its sour; every evil its good. Every faculty which is a receiver of pleasure has an equal penalty put on its abuse. It is to answer for its moderation with its life. For every grain of wit there is a grain of folly. For every thing you have missed, you have gained something else; and for every thing you gain, you lose something. If riches increase, they are increased that use them. If the gatherer gathers too much, nature takes out of the man what she puts into his chest; swells the estate, but kills the owner. Nature hates monopolies and exceptions.",
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            "path": "000:000:021",
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    },
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        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Natural Equalization of Social Conditions and Circumstances",
            "content": "The waves of the sea do not more speedily seek a level from their loftiest tossing, than the varieties of condition tend to equalize themselves. There is always some levelling circumstance that puts down the overbearing, the strong, the rich, the fortunate, substantially on the same ground with all others.",
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            "path": "000:000:022",
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            "order": 22,
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    },
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        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Nature's Role in Softening the Morose Citizen Through Familial Bonds",
            "content": "Is a man too strong and fierce for society, and by temper and position a bad citizen, \u2014 a morose ruffian, with a dash of the pirate in him;\u2014\u2014 nature sends him a troop of pretty sons and daughters, who are getting along in the dame's classes at the village school, and love and fear for them smooths his grim scowl to courtesy. Thus she contrives to intenerate the granite and felspar, takes the boar out and puts the lamb in, and keeps her balance true.",
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            "path": "000:000:023",
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            "type": "body"
        }
    },
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        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Cost of Presidential Power and Public Perception",
            "content": "The farmer imagines power and place are fine things. But the President has paid dear for his White House. It has commonly cost him all his peace, and the best of his manly attributes. To preserve for a short time so conspicuous an appearance before the world, he is content to eat dust before the real masters who stand erect behind the throne.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:024",
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            "order": 24,
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        }
    },
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        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Sacrifices and Responsibilities of Genius and Eminence",
            "content": "Or, do men desire the more substantial and permanent grandeur of genius? Neither has this an immunity. He who by force of will or of thought is great, and overlooks thousands, has the charges of that eminence. With every influx of light comes new danger. Has he light? he must bear witness to the light, and always outrun that sympathy which gives him such keen satisfaction, by his fidelity to new revelations of the incessant soul. He must hate father and mother, wife and child. Has he all that the world loves and admires and covets? \u2014 he must cast behind him their admiration, and afflict them by faithfulness to his truth, and become a byword and a hissing.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:025",
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            "type": "body"
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    },
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        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Immutable Nature of Universal Law and its Influence on Governance",
            "content": "This law writes the laws of cities and nations. It is in vain to build or plot or combine against it. Things refuse to be mismanaged long. Res nolunt diu male administrari. Though no checks to a new evil appear, the checks exist, and will appear.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:026",
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            "order": 26,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
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        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Consequences of Government Actions on Social and Legal Dynamics",
            "content": "If the government is cruel, the governor's life is not safe. If you tax too high, the revenue will yield nothing. If you make the criminal code sanguinary, juries will not convict. If the law is too mild, private vengeance comes in. If the government is a terrific democracy, the pressure is resisted by an overcharge of energy in the citizen, and life glows with a fiercer flame.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:027",
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        }
    },
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        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Human Fulfillment and Satisfaction Independent of External Conditions",
            "content": "The true life and satisfactions of man seem to elude the utmost rigors or felicities of condition, and to establish themselves with great indifferency under all varieties of circumstances.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:028",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 28,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Universality of Character Influence Across Different Governments and Historical Periods",
            "content": "Under all governments the influence of character remains the same, \u2014 in Turkey and in New England about alike. Under the primeval despots of Egypt, history honestly confesses that man must have been as free as culture could make him.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:029",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 29,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Universe Representation in Every Particle and Unified Nature in Metamorphosis",
            "content": "These appearances indicate the fact that the universe is represented in every one of its particles. Every thing in nature contains all the powers of nature. Every thing is made of one hidden stuff; as the naturalist sees one type under every metamorphosis, and regards a horse as a running man, a fish as a swimming man, a bird as a flying man, a tree as a rooted man.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:030",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 30,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Repetition of Universal Characteristics in Each New Form",
            "content": "Each new form repeats not only the main character of the type, but part for part all the details, all the aims, furtherances, hindrances, energies, and whole system of every other.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:031",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 31,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Holistic Representation of Human Life in Occupations and Trades",
            "content": "Every occupation, trade, art, transaction, is a compend of the world, and a correlative of every other. Each one is an entire emblem of human life; of its good and ill, its trials, its enemies, its course and its end. And each one must somehow accommodate the whole man, and recite all his destiny.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:032",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 32,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Analogy of Perfection and Completeness in Small Entities",
            "content": "The world globes itself in a drop of dew. The microscope cannot find the animalcule which is less perfect for being little. Eyes, ears, taste, smell, motion, resistance, appetite, and organs of reproduction that take hold on eternity, \u2014 all find room to consist in the small creature. So do we put our life into every act.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:033",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 33,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Doctrine of Omnipresence and Universal Balance",
            "content": "The true doctrine of omnipresence is, that God reappears with all his parts in every moss and cobweb. The value of the universe contrives to throw itself into every point. If the good is there, so is the evil; if the affinity, so the repulsion; if the force, so the limitation.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:034",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 34,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Living Universe and the Moral Law",
            "content": "Thus is the universe alive. All things are moral. That soul, which within us is a sentiment, outside of us is a law. We feel its inspiration; out there in history we can see its fatal strength. \"It is in the world, and the world was made by it.\"",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:035",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 35,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Immediacy and Universality of Justice",
            "content": "Justice is not postponed. A perfect equity adjusts its balance in all parts of life. {Oi chusoi Dios aei enpiptousi}, \u2014 The dice of God are always loaded.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:036",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 36,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Inherent Balance and Reciprocity of the Universe",
            "content": "The world looks like a multiplication-table, or a mathematical equation, which, turn it how you will, balances itself. Take what figure you will, its exact value, nor more nor less, still returns to you.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:037",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 37,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Inescapable Nature of Retribution and Justice",
            "content": "Every secret is told, every crime is punished, every virtue rewarded, every wrong redressed, in silence and certainty. What we call retribution is the universal necessity by which the whole appears wherever a part appears. If you see smoke, there must be fire. If you see a hand or a limb, you know that the trunk to which it belongs is there behind.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:038",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 38,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Doctrine of Causal Retribution and Inseparability of Cause and Effect",
            "content": "Every act rewards itself, or, in other words, integrates itself, in a twofold manner; first, in the thing, or in real nature; and secondly, in the circumstance, or in apparent nature. Men call the circumstance the retribution. The causal retribution is in the thing, and is seen by the soul. The retribution in the circumstance is seen by the understanding; it is inseparable from the thing, but is often spread over a long time, and so does not become distinct until after many years. The specific stripes may follow late after the offence, but they follow because they accompany it. Crime and punishment grow out of one stem. Punishment is a fruit that unsuspected ripens within the flower of the pleasure which concealed it. Cause and effect, means and ends, seed and fruit, cannot be severed; for the effect already blooms in the cause, the end preexists in the means, the fruit in the seed.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:039",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 39,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Conflict Between Holistic Worldview and Human Partial Actions",
            "content": "Whilst thus the world will be whole, and refuses to be disparted, we seek to act partially, to sunder, to appropriate; for example, \u2014 to gratify the senses, we sever the pleasure of the senses from the needs of the character.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:040",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 40,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Human Ingenuity in Separating Sensual from Moral Qualities",
            "content": "The ingenuity of man has always been dedicated to the solution of one problem,--how to detach the sensual sweet, the sensual strong, the sensual bright, &c., from the moral sweet, the moral deep, the moral fair; that is, again, to contrive to cut clean off this upper surface so thin as to leave it bottomless; to get a one end, without an other end.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:041",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 41,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Contrast Between Spiritual and Physical Desires",
            "content": "The soul says, Eat; the body would feast. The soul says, The man and woman shall be one flesh and one soul; the body would join the flesh only. The soul says, Have dominion over all things to the ends of virtue; the body would have the power over things to its own ends.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:042",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 42,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Soul's Pursuit of Comprehensive Existence and Enrichment",
            "content": "The soul strives amain to live and work through all things. It would be the only fact. All things shall be added unto it power, pleasure, knowledge, beauty.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:043",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 43,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Individual Ambitions and Misconceptions of Greatness",
            "content": "The particular man aims to be somebody; to set up for himself; to truck and higgle for a private good; and, in particulars, to ride, that he may ride; to dress, that he may be dressed; to eat, that he may eat; and to govern, that he may be seen. Men seek to be great; they would have offices, wealth, power, and fame. They think that to be great is to possess one side of nature,--the sweet, without the other side,--the bitter.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:044",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 44,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "\"Failure of Attempts to Divide and Detach Elements from the Whole\"",
            "content": "This dividing and detaching is steadily counteracted. Up to this day, it must be owned, no projector has had the smallest success. The parted water reunites behind our hand.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:045",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 45,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Inherent Interdependence of Pleasure, Profit, and Power",
            "content": "Pleasure is taken out of pleasant things, profit out of profitable things, power out of strong things, as soon as we seek to separate them from the whole.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:046",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 46,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Indivisibility of Sensual Goods and Natural Conditions",
            "content": "We can no more halve things and get the sensual good, by itself, than we can get an inside that shall have no outside, or a light without a shadow. \"Drive out nature with a fork, she comes running back.\"",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:047",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 47,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Inevitable Conditions of Life and the Futility of Denial",
            "content": "Life invests itself with inevitable conditions, which the unwise seek to dodge, which one and another brags that he does not know; that they do not touch him; \u2014 but the brag is on his lips, the conditions are in his soul.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:048",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 48,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Consequences of Evading Life's Inevitabilities and Their Resulting Retribution",
            "content": "If he escapes them in one part, they attack him in another more vital part. If he has escaped them in form, and in the appearance, it is because he has resisted his life, and fled from himself, and the retribution is so much death.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:049",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 49,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Inescapable Failure of Separating Good from Tax and the Consequences of Intellectual Corruption",
            "content": "So signal is the failure of all attempts to make this separation of the good from the tax, that the experiment would not be tried,--since to try it is to be mad,--but for the circumstance, that when the disease began in the will, of rebellion and separation, the intellect is at once infected, so that the man ceases to see God whole in each object, but is able to see the sensual allurement of an object, and not see the sensual hurt; he sees the mermaid's head, but not the dragon's tail; and thinks he can cut off that which he would have, from that which he would not have. \"How secret art thou who dwellest in the highest heavens in silence, O thou only great God, sprinkling with an unwearied Providence certain penal blindnesses upon such as have unbridled desires!\"",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:050",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 50,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Role of the Human Soul in Reflecting Truth Through Various Forms of Expression",
            "content": "The human soul is true to these facts in the painting of fable, of history, of law, of proverbs, of conversation. It finds a tongue in literature unawares.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:051",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 51,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Greek Mythology: Rationalizing the Deeds of Jupiter",
            "content": "Thus the Greeks called Jupiter, Supreme Mind; but having traditionally ascribed to him many base actions, they involuntarily made amends to reason, by tying up the hands of so bad a god. He is made as helpless as a king of England.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:052",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 52,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Prometheus and Minerva's Control Over Jove's Secrets and Thunders",
            "content": "Prometheus knows one secret which Jove must bargain for; Minerva, another. He cannot get his own thunders; Minerva keeps the key of them.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:053",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 53,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Confession of Universal Influence and Moral Purpose",
            "content": "A plain confession of the in-working of the All, and of its moral aim.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:054",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 54,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Ethical Consistency in Indian Mythology and Moral Imperative in Fables",
            "content": "The Indian mythology ends in the same ethics; and it would seem impossible for any fable to be invented and get any currency which was not moral.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:055",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 55,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Myth of Aurora and Tithonus' Immortal Aging",
            "content": "Aurora forgot to ask youth for her lover, and though Tithonus is immortal, he is old.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:056",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 56,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Achilles' Vulnerability Due to Unwashed Heel",
            "content": "Achilles is not quite invulnerable; the sacred waters did not wash the heel by which Thetis held him.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:057",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 57,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Siegfried's Vulnerability Due to Leaf Covering Mortal Spot",
            "content": "Siegfried, in the Nibelungen, is not quite immortal, for a leaf fell on his back whilst he was bathing in the dragon's blood, and that spot which it covered is mortal.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:058",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 58,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Inevitability of Imperfection in Creation",
            "content": "And so it must be. There is a crack in every thing God has made.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:059",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 59,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Doctrine of Nemesis: Unavoidable Retribution and Inescapable Laws in Nature",
            "content": "It would seem, there is always this vindictive circumstance stealing in at unawares, even into the wild poesy in which the human fancy attempted to make bold holiday, and to shake itself free of the old laws, \u2014 this back-stroke, this kick of the gun, certifying that the law is fatal; that in nature nothing can be given, all things are sold.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:060",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 60,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Doctrine of Nemesis: Universal Vigilance and Inescapable Retribution",
            "content": "This is that ancient doctrine of Nemesis, who keeps watch in the universe, and lets no offence go unchastised.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:061",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 61,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Furies as Attendants on Justice and Cosmic Retribution",
            "content": "The Furies, Web Site they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path, they would punish him.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:062",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 62,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Mythological Allegories of Sympathetic Retribution in Objects",
            "content": "The poets related that stone walls, and iron swords, and leathern thongs had an occult sympathy with the wrongs of their owners; that the belt which Ajax gave Hector dragged the Trojan hero over the field at the wheels of the car of Achilles, and the sword which Hector gave Ajax was that on whose point Ajax fell.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:063",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 63,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Account of Rival's Death Due to the Fallen Statue of Theagenes",
            "content": "They recorded, that when the Thasians erected a statue to Theagenes, a victor in the games, one of his rivals went to it by night, and endeavoured to throw it down by repeated blows, until at last he moved it from its pedestal, and was crushed to death beneath its fall.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:064",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 64,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Divine Inspiration and Collective Spirit in Writing",
            "content": "This voice of fable has in it somewhat divine. It came from thought above the will of the writer. That is the best part of each writer, which has nothing private in it; that which he does not know; that which flowed out of his constitution, and not from his too active invention; that which in the study of a single artist you might not easily find, but in the study of many, you would abstract as the spirit of them all.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:065",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 65,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Critique of Historical Figures' Influence on Artistic and Cultural Evolution",
            "content": "Phidias it is not, but the work of man in that early Hellenic world, that I would know. The name and circumstance of Phidias, however convenient for history, embarrass when we come to the highest criticism. We are to see that which man was tending to do in a given period, and was hindered, or, if you will, modified in doing, by the interfering volitions of Phidias, of Dante, of Shakspeare, the organ whereby man at the moment wrought.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:066",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 66,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Universality and Authority of Proverbs in Expressing Absolute Truths",
            "content": "Still more striking is the expression of this fact in the proverbs of all nations, which are always the literature of reason, or the statements of an absolute truth, without qualification. Proverbs, like the sacred books of each nation, are the sanctuary of the intuitions. That which the droning world, chained to appearances, will not allow the realist to say in his own words, it will suffer him to say in proverbs without contradiction. And this law of laws which the pulpit, the senate, and the college deny, is hourly preached in all markets and workshops by flights of proverbs, whose teaching is as true and as omnipresent as that of birds and flies.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:067",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 67,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Principle of Reciprocity and Consequences in Proverbs",
            "content": "All things are double, one against another. -- Tit for tat; an eye for an eye; a tooth for a tooth; blood for blood; measure for measure; love for love. -- Give and it shall be given you. -- He that watereth shall be watered himself. -- What will you have? quoth God; pay for it and take it. -- Nothing venture, nothing have. -- Thou shalt be paid exactly for what thou hast done, no more, no less. -- Who doth not work shall not eat. -- Harm watch, harm catch. -- Curses always recoil on the head of him who imprecates them. -- If you put a chain around the neck of a slave, the other end fastens itself around your own. -- Bad counsel confounds the adviser. -- The Devil is an ass.",
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            "path": "000:000:068",
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            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
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            "order": 68,
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        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "\"The Dominance of Natural Law Over Human Intentions\"",
            "content": "It is thus written, because it is thus in life. Our action is overmastered and characterized above our will by the law of nature. We aim at a petty end quite aside from the public good, but our act arranges itself by irresistible magnetism in a line with the poles of the world.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:069",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 69,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Self-Judgment and Consequences of Speech",
            "content": "A man cannot speak but he judges himself. With his will, or against his will, he draws his portrait to the eye of his companions by every word. Every opinion reacts on him who utters it. It is a thread-ball thrown at a mark, but the other end remains in the thrower's bag. Or, rather, it is a harpoon hurled at the whale, unwinding, as it flies, a coil of cord in the boat, and if the harpoon is not good, or not well thrown, it will go nigh to cut the steersman in twain, or to sink the boat.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:070",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 70,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Consequences of Pride and Exclusion in Social and Religious Life",
            "content": "You cannot do wrong without suffering wrong. \"No man had ever a point of pride that was not injurious to him,\" said Burke. The exclusive in fashionable life does not see that he excludes himself from enjoyment, in the attempt to appropriate it. The exclusionist in religion does not see that he shuts the door of heaven on himself, in striving to shut out others. Treat men as pawns and ninepins, and you shall suffer as well as they. If you leave out their heart, you shall lose your own. The senses would make things of all persons; of women, of children, of the poor. The vulgar proverb, \"I will get it from his purse or get it from his skin,\" is sound philosophy.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:071",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 71,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Consequences of Departing from Simplicity and Equity in Social Relations",
            "content": "All infractions of love and equity in our social relations are speedily punished. They are punished by fear. Whilst I stand in simple relations to my fellow-man, I have no displeasure in meeting him. We meet as water meets water, or as two currents of air mix, with perfect diffusion and interpenetration of nature. But as soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at halfness, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbour feels the wrong; he shrinks from me as far as I have shrunk from him; his eyes no longer seek mine; there is war between us; there is hate in him and fear in me.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:072",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 72,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Role of Fear in Revealing and Avenging Social Injustices",
            "content": "All the old abuses in society, universal and particular, all unjust accumulations of property and power, are avenged in the same manner. Fear is an instructer of great sagacity, and the herald of all revolutions. One thing he teaches, that there is rottenness where he appears. He is a carrion crow, and though you see not well what he hovers for, there is death somewhere. Our property is timid, our laws are timid, our cultivated classes are timid. Fear for ages has boded and mowed and gibbered over government and property. That obscene bird is not there for nothing. He indicates great wrongs which must be revised.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:073",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 73,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Expectation of Change Following Suspension of Voluntary Activity",
            "content": "Of the like nature is that expectation of change which instantly follows the suspension of our voluntary activity. The terror of cloudless noon, the emerald of Polycrates, the awe of prosperity, the instinct which leads every generous soul to impose on itself tasks of a noble asceticism and vicarious virtue, are the tremblings of the balance of justice through the heart and mind of man.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:074",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 74,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Value of Paying Obligations Promptly and Consequences of Excessive Frugality",
            "content": "Experienced men of the world know very well that it is best to pay scot and lot as they go along, and that a man often pays dear for a small frugality.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:075",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 75,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Borrower's Self-Incurred Debt",
            "content": "The borrower runs in his own debt.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:000:076",
            "parentPath": "000:000",
            "parentName": "Introduction to the Doctrine of Compensation",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 76,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Question on the Net Benefit of Receiving Favors Without Reciprocation",
            "content": "Has a man gained any thing who has received a hundred favors and rendered none?",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:001",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 1,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Questioning Gains from Borrowing Neighbor's Property Through Indolence or Cunning",
            "content": "Has he gained by borrowing, through indolence or cunning, his neighbour's wares, or horses, or money?",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:002",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 2,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Acknowledgment of Benefit and Debt in Transactions Altering Mutual Relations",
            "content": "There arises on the deed the instant acknowledgment of benefit on the one part, and of debt on the other; that is, of superiority and inferiority. The transaction remains in the memory of himself and his neighbour; and every new transaction alters, according to its nature, their relation to each other.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:003",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 3,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Realization of the True Cost of Dependency and Asking for Favors",
            "content": "He may soon come to see that he had better have broken his own bones than to have ridden in his neighbour's coach, and that \"the highest price he can pay for a thing is to ask for it.\"",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:004",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 4,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Prudence in Fulfilling Obligations and Avoiding Deferred Debts",
            "content": "A wise man will extend this lesson to all parts of life, and know that it is the part of prudence to face every claimant, and pay every just demand on your time, your talents, or your heart. Always pay; for, first or last, you must pay your entire debt. Persons and events may stand for a time between you and justice, but it is only a postponement. You must pay at last your own debt. If you are wise, you will dread a prosperity which only loads you with more.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:005",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 5,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Reciprocal Obligation and the Natural Law of Benefits",
            "content": "Benefit is the end of nature. But for every benefit which you receive, a tax is levied. He is great who confers the most benefits. He is base--and that is the one base thing in the universe--to receive favors and render none. In the order of nature we cannot render benefits to those from whom we receive them, or only seldom. But the benefit we receive must be rendered again, line for line, deed for deed, cent for cent, to somebody. Beware of too much good staying in your hand. It will fast corrupt and worm worms. Pay it away quickly in some sort.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:006",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 6,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Prudent Advice on the True Cost of Labor",
            "content": "Labor is watched over by the same pitiless laws. Cheapest, say the prudent, is the dearest labor.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:007",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 7,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Application of Practical Wisdom in Everyday Purchases",
            "content": "What we buy in a broom, a mat, a wagon, a knife, is some application of good sense to a common want.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:008",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 8,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Importance of Employing Skilled Professionals for Efficient Management of Various Tasks",
            "content": "It is best to pay in your land a skilful gardener, or to buy good sense applied to gardening; in your sailor, good sense applied to navigation; in the house, good sense applied to cooking, sewing, serving; in your agent, good sense applied to accounts and affairs. So do you multiply your presence, or spread yourself throughout your estate.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:009",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 9,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Inescapable Consequences of Dishonesty in Labor and Life",
            "content": "But because of the dual constitution of things, in labor as in life there can be no cheating. The thief steals from himself. The swindler swindles himself.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:010",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 10,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Intrinsic Value of Labor: Knowledge and Virtue as Inimitable and Unstealable",
            "content": "For the real price of labor is knowledge and virtue, whereof wealth and credit are signs. These signs, like paper money, may be counterfeited or stolen, but that which they represent, namely, knowledge and virtue, cannot be counterfeited or stolen.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:011",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 11,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Necessity of Genuine Mental Effort and Pure Motives for Achieving Labor's True Goals",
            "content": "These ends of labor cannot be answered but by real exertions of the mind, and in obedience to pure motives.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:012",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 12,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Inability of Dishonest Individuals to Acquire Knowledge Through Deception",
            "content": "The cheat, the defaulter, the gambler, cannot extort the knowledge of material and moral nature which his honest care and pains yield to the operative.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:013",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 13,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Principle of Natural Law: Power Through Action",
            "content": "The law of nature is, Do the thing, and you shall have the power: but they who do not the thing have not the power.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:014",
            "parentPath": "000",
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            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 14,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Doctrine of Universal Compensation and the Ethical Significance of Human Labor",
            "content": "Human labor, through all its forms, from the sharpening of a stake to the construction of a city or an epic, is one immense illustration of the perfect compensation of the universe. The absolute balance of Give and Take, the doctrine that every thing has its price,--and if that price is not paid, not that thing but something else is obtained, and that it is impossible to get any thing without its price,--is not less sublime in the columns of a leger than in the budgets of states, in the laws of light and darkness, in all the action and reaction of nature. I cannot doubt that the high laws which each man sees implicated in those processes with which he is conversant, the stern ethics which sparkle on his chisel-edge, which are measured out by his plumb and foot-rule, which stand as manifest in the footing of the shop-bill as in the history of a state, --do recommend to him his trade, and though seldom named, exalt his business to his imagination.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:015",
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            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 15,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Inescapable Consequences of Vice and Crime in Natural Law",
            "content": "The league between virtue and nature engages all things to assume a hostile front to vice. The beautiful laws and substances of the world persecute and whip the traitor. He finds that things are arranged for truth and benefit, but there is no den in the wide world to hide a rogue. Commit a crime, and the earth is made of glass. Commit a crime, and it seems as if a coat of snow fell on the ground, such as reveals in the woods the track of every partridge and fox and squirrel and mole. You cannot recall the spoken word, you cannot wipe out the foot-track, you cannot draw up the ladder, so as to leave no inlet or clew. Some damning circumstance always transpires. The laws and substances of nature--water, snow, wind, gravitation--become penalties to the thief.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:016",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 16,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Certainty of Law in Rewarding Virtuous Actions and The Transformative Power of Goodness",
            "content": "On the other hand, the law holds with equal sureness for all right action. Love, and you shall be loved. All love is mathematically just, as much as the two sides of an algebraic equation. The good man has absolute good, which like fire turns every thing to its own nature, so that you cannot do him any harm; but as the royal armies sent against Napoleon, when he approached, cast down their colors and from enemies became friends, so disasters of all kinds, as sickness, offence, poverty, prove benefactors:--",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:017",
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            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 17,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Poetic Illustration of Strength and Power's Reliance on Virtue",
            "content": "\"Winds blow and waters roll\nStrength to the brave, and power and deity,\nYet in themselves are nothing.\"",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:018",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 18,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Virtue Benefits from Weakness and Defect",
            "content": "The good are befriended even by weakness and defect.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:019",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 19,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Utility of Defects and the Harm of Pride",
            "content": "As no man had ever a point of pride that was not injurious to him, so no man had ever a defect that was not somewhere made useful to him. The stag in the fable admired his horns and blamed his feet, but when the hunter came, his feet saved him, and afterwards, caught in the thicket, his horns destroyed him.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:020",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 20,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Value of Personal Faults and Adversity in Understanding Truth and Talent",
            "content": "Every man in his lifetime needs to thank his faults. As no man thoroughly understands a truth until he has contended against it, so no man has a thorough acquaintance with the hindrances or talents of men, until he has suffered from the one, and seen the triumph of the other over his own want of the same.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:021",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 21,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Consequences of Social Unfitness and Development of Self-Help Skills",
            "content": "Has he a defect of temper that unfits him to live in society? Thereby he is driven to entertain himself alone, and acquire habits of self-help; and thus, like the wounded oyster, he mends his shell with pearl.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:022",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 22,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Strength Derived from Adversity and Hidden Indignation",
            "content": "Our strength grows out of our weakness. The indignation which arms itself with secret forces does not awaken until we are pricked and stung and sorely assailed.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:023",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 23,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Transformative Power of Adversity for Personal Growth",
            "content": "A great man is always willing to be little. Whilst he sits on the cushion of advantages, he goes to sleep. When he is pushed, tormented, defeated, he has a chance to learn something; he has been put on his wits, on his manhood; he has gained facts; learns his ignorance; is cured of the insanity of conceit; has got moderation and real skill.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:024",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 24,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Wise Man's Strategy of Self-Examination Through Adversity",
            "content": "The wise man throws himself on the side of his assailants. It is more his interest than it is theirs to find his weak point.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:025",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 25,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Healing and Resilience Against Adversaries' Triumph",
            "content": "The wound cicatrizes and falls off from him like a dead skin, and when they would triumph, lo! he has passed on invulnerable.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:026",
            "parentPath": "000",
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            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 26,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Perceived Safety in Criticism Over Praise",
            "content": "Blame is safer than praise. I hate to be defended in a newspaper. As long as all that is said is said against me, I feel a certain assurance of success. But as soon as honeyed words of praise are spoken for me, I feel as one that lies unprotected before his enemies.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:027",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 27,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "General Principle: Resilience as a Source of Strength",
            "content": "In general, every evil to which we do not succumb is a benefactor.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:028",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 28,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Analogy of Strength Gained from Resisting Temptation",
            "content": "As the Sandwich Islander believes that the strength and valor of the enemy he kills passes into himself, so we gain the strength of the temptation we resist.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:029",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 29,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Guards Protecting Against Disaster and Moral Corruption",
            "content": "The same guards which protect us from disaster, defect, and enmity, defend us, if we will, from selfishness and fraud.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:030",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 30,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Critique of Physical Security Measures and Trade Shrewdness as Indicators of Wisdom",
            "content": "Bolts and bars are not the best of our institutions, nor is shrewdness in trade a mark of wisdom.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:031",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 31,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Illusion of External Deception and Self-Inflicted Loss",
            "content": "Men suffer all their life long, under the foolish superstition that they can be cheated. But it is as impossible for a man to be cheated by any one but himself, as for a thing to be and not to be at the same time.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:032",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 32,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Existence of an Implicit Third Party Ensuring Contract Fulfillment",
            "content": "There is a third silent party to all our bargains. The nature and soul of things takes on itself the guaranty of the fulfilment of every contract, so that honest service cannot come to loss.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:033",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 33,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Service to an Ungrateful Master and Divine Compensation",
            "content": "If you serve an ungrateful master, serve him the more. Put God in your debt. Every stroke shall be repaid. The longer the payment is withholden, the better for you; for compound interest on compound interest is the rate and usage of this exchequer.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:034",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 34,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Historical Ineffectiveness of Persecution Regardless of Perpetrators",
            "content": "The history of persecution is a history of endeavours to cheat nature, to make water run up hill, to twist a rope of sand. It makes no difference whether the actors be many or one, a tyrant or a mob.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:035",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 35,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Definition and Characteristics of a Mob",
            "content": "A mob is a society of bodies voluntarily bereaving themselves of reason, and traversing its work. The mob is man voluntarily descending to the nature of the beast. Its fit hour of activity is night. Its actions are insane like its whole constitution.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:036",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 36,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Persecution of Principles and Rights by Violent Actions",
            "content": "It persecutes a principle; it would whip a right; it would tar and feather justice, by inflicting fire and outrage upon the houses and persons of those who have these.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:037",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 37,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Comparison to Futile Efforts of Boys with Fire-Engines",
            "content": "It resembles the prank of boys, who run with fire-engines to put out the ruddy aurora streaming to the stars.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:038",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 38,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Indomitable Spirit and the Honoring of Martyrs",
            "content": "The inviolate spirit turns their spite against the wrongdoers. The martyr cannot be dishonored. Every lash inflicted is a tongue of fame; every prison, a more illustrious abode; every burned book or house enlightens the world; every suppressed or expunged word reverberates through the earth from side to side.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:039",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 39,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Recognition of Truth and Justification of Martyrs in Moments of Clarity",
            "content": "Hours of sanity and consideration are always arriving to communities, as to individuals, when the truth is seen, and the martyrs are justified.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:040",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 40,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Doctrine of Indifferency and the Duality of Circumstances",
            "content": "Thus do all things preach the indifferency of circumstances. The man is all. Every thing has two sides, a good and an evil. Every advantage has its tax. I learn to be content.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:041",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 41,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Distinction Between Doctrine of Compensation and Indifferency",
            "content": "But the doctrine of compensation is not the doctrine of indifferency. The thoughtless say, on hearing these representations,--What boots it to do well? there is one event to good and evil; if I gain any good, I must pay for it; if I lose any good, I gain some other; all actions are indifferent.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:042",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 42,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Inherent Nature and Affirmative Essence of the Soul",
            "content": "There is a deeper fact in the soul than compensation, to wit, its own nature. The soul is not a compensation, but a life. The soul is. Under all this running sea of circumstance, whose waters ebb and flow with perfect balance, lies the aboriginal abyss of real Being. Essence, or God, is not a relation, or a part, but the whole. Being is the vast affirmative, excluding negation, self-balanced, and swallowing up all relations, parts, and times within itself. Nature, truth, virtue, are the influx from thence. Vice is the absence or departure of the same. Nothing, Falsehood, may indeed stand as the great Night or shade, on which, as a background, the living universe paints itself forth; but no fact is begotten by it; it cannot work; for it is not. It cannot work any good; it cannot work any harm. It is harm inasmuch as it is worse not to be than to be.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:043",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 43,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Perceived Lack of Retribution for Evil Acts and Its Ultimate Consequences",
            "content": "We feel defrauded of the retribution due to evil acts, because the criminal adheres to his vice and contumacy, and does not come to a crisis or judgment anywhere in visible nature. There is no stunning confutation of his nonsense before men and angels. Has he therefore outwitted the law? Inasmuch as he carries the malignity and the lie with him, he so far deceases from nature. In some manner there will be a demonstration of the wrong to the understanding also; but should we not see it, this deadly deduction makes square the eternal account.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:044",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 44,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "No Penalty for Virtue and Wisdom; They Are Additions to Being",
            "content": "Neither can it be said, on the other hand, that the gain of rectitude must be bought by any loss. There is no penalty to virtue; no penalty to wisdom; they are proper additions of being.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:045",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 45,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Transformative Impact of Virtuous Actions",
            "content": "In a virtuous action, I properly am; in a virtuous act, I add to the world; I plant into deserts conquered from Chaos and Nothing, and see the darkness receding on the limits of the horizon.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:046",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 46,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Limitlessness of Love, Knowledge, and Beauty in Their Purest Forms",
            "content": "There can be no excess to love; none to knowledge; none to beauty, when these attributes are considered in the purest sense.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:047",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 47,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Affirmation of Optimism and Rejection of Limits by the Soul",
            "content": "The soul refuses limits, and always affirms an Optimism, never a Pessimism.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:048",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 48,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Life as Continuous Progress and Instinct of Trust",
            "content": "His life is a progress, and not a station. His instinct is trust.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:049",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 49,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Instinctual Valuation of Human Virtue and Bravery",
            "content": "Our instinct uses \"more\" and \"less\" in application to man, of the presence of the soul, and not of its absence; the brave man is greater than the coward; the true, the benevolent, the wise, is more a man, and not less, than the fool and knave.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:050",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 50,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "\"No Taxation on the Good of Virtue: Divine and Absolute Existence\"",
            "content": "There is no tax on the good of virtue; for that is the incoming of God himself, or absolute existence, without any comparative.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:051",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 51,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Taxation and Ephemeral Nature of Undeserved Material Goods",
            "content": "Material good has its tax, and if it came without desert or sweat, has no root in me, and the next wind will blow it away.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:052",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 52,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Entitlement to Natural Wealth Through Legitimate Effort",
            "content": "But all the good of nature is the soul's, and may be had, if paid for in nature's lawful coin, that is, by labor which the heart and the head allow.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:053",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 53,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Desire to Avoid Unearned Good Due to Associated Burdens",
            "content": "I no longer wish to meet a good I do not earn, for example, to find a pot of buried gold, knowing that it brings with it new burdens.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:054",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 54,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Renunciation of External Goods Due to Associated Burdens",
            "content": "I do not wish more external goods,--neither possessions, nor honors, nor powers, nor persons. The gain is apparent; the tax is certain.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:055",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 55,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "No Taxation on Knowledge and Inner Peace",
            "content": "But there is no tax on the knowledge that the compensation exists, and that it is not desirable to dig up treasure. Herein I rejoice with a serene eternal peace.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:056",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 56,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Limitation of Personal Harm and Wisdom of St. Bernard",
            "content": "I contract the boundaries of possible mischief. I learn the wisdom of St. Bernard, --\"Nothing can work me damage except myself; the harm that I sustain I carry about with me, and never am a real sufferer but by my own fault.\"",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:057",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 57,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Compensation for Inequalities in the Nature of the Soul",
            "content": "In the nature of the soul is the compensation for the inequalities of condition.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:058",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 58,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Distinction of More and Less as a Source of Pain and Indignation",
            "content": "The radical tragedy of nature seems to be the distinction of More and Less. How can Less not feel the pain; how not feel indignation or malevolence towards More?",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:059",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 59,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Perception of Inequities and the Role of Love in Reducing Social Disparities",
            "content": "Look at those who have less faculty, and one feels sad, and knows not well what to make of it. He almost shuns their eye; he fears they will upbraid God. What should they do? It seems a great injustice. But see the facts nearly, and these mountainous inequalities vanish. Love reduces them, as the sun melts the iceberg in the sea.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:060",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 60,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Unity and Brotherhood: The Dissolution of Bitterness",
            "content": "The heart and soul of all men being one, this bitterness of His and Mine ceases. His is mine. I am my brother, and my brother is me.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:061",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 61,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Transformative Power of Love and Recognition of Brotherhood",
            "content": "If I feel overshadowed and outdone by great neighbours, I can yet love; I can still receive; and he that loveth maketh his own the grandeur he loves. Thereby I make the discovery that my brother is my guardian, acting for me with the friendliest designs, and the estate I so admired and envied is my own.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:062",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 62,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Soul's Power of Appropriation and Incorporation",
            "content": "It is the nature of the soul to appropriate all things. Jesus and Shakspeare are fragments of the soul, and by love I conquer and incorporate them in my own conscious domain. His virtue,--is not that mine? His wit,--if it cannot be made mine, it is not wit.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:063",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 63,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Calamity as a Catalyst for Growth and Evolution",
            "content": "Such, also, is the natural history of calamity. The changes which break up at short intervals the prosperity of men are advertisements of a nature whose law is growth.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:064",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 64,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Intrinsic Necessity of Personal Growth and Transformation",
            "content": "Every soul is by this intrinsic necessity quitting its whole system of things, its friends, and home, and laws, and faith, as the shell-fish crawls out of its beautiful but stony case, because it no longer admits of its growth, and slowly forms a new house. [Compare with Oliver Wendell Holmes' poem, \"Nautilus.\"]",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:065",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 65,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Frequency of Personal Revolutions in Relation to Individual Vigor",
            "content": "In proportion to the vigor of the individual, these revolutions are frequent, until in some happier mind they are incessant, and all worldly relations hang very loosely about him, becoming, as it were, a transparent fluid membrane through which the living form is seen, and not, as in most men, an indurated heterogeneous fabric of many dates, and of no settled character in which the man is imprisoned.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:066",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 66,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Transformation and Personal Growth Over Time",
            "content": "Then there can be enlargement, and the man of to-day scarcely recognizes the man of yesterday.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:067",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 67,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Continuous Renewal and Evolution of Man's Outer Life",
            "content": "And such should be the outward biography of man in time, a putting off of dead circumstances day by day, as he renews his raiment day by day.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:068",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 68,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Resistance to Divine Growth and Its Consequences",
            "content": "But to us, in our lapsed estate, resting, not advancing, resisting, not cooperating with the divine expansion, this growth comes by shocks.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:069",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 69,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Resistance to Letting Go of the Past and Embracing the Present",
            "content": "We cannot part with our friends. We cannot let our angels go. We do not see that they only go out, that archangels may come in.[*1] We are idolaters of the old. We do not believe in the riches of the soul, in its proper eternity and omnipresence. We do not believe there is any force in to-day to rival or recreate that beautiful yesterday. We linger in the ruins of the old tent, where once we had bread and shelter and organs, nor believe that the spirit can feed, cover, and nerve us again. We cannot again find aught so dear, so sweet, so graceful. But we sit and weep in vain. The voice of the Almighty saith, 'Up and onward for evermore!' We cannot stay amid the ruins. Neither will we rely on the new; and so we walk ever with reverted eyes, like those monsters who look backwards.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:070",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 70,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Recognition of Calamity's Compensations Over Time",
            "content": "And yet the compensations of calamity are made apparent to the understanding also, after long intervals of time.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:071",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 71,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Immediate Perception of Loss as Irretrievable and Uncompensated",
            "content": "A fever, a mutilation, a cruel disappointment, a loss of wealth, a loss of friends, seems at the moment unpaid loss, and unpayable.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:072",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 72,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Long-Term Healing Potential of Adverse Events",
            "content": "But the sure years reveal the deep remedial force that underlies all facts.",
            "outline": "",
            "path": "000:073",
            "parentPath": "000",
            "parentName": "",
            "document": "12345678-1234-1234-1234-123456789012",
            "order": 73,
            "type": "body"
        }
    },
    {
        "class": "Element",
        "properties": {
            "title": "",
            "name": "Transformative Impact of Loss on Personal Development and Life Changes",
            "content": "The death of a dear friend, wife, brother, lover, which seemed nothing but privation, somewhat later assumes the aspect of a guide or genius; for it commonly operates revolutions in our way of life, terminates an epoch of infancy or of youth which was waiting to be closed, breaks up a wonted occupation, or a household, or style of living, and allows the formation of new ones more friendly to the growth of character.",
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            "children": [
                {
                    "index": 0,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Temporal Dichotomy: The Contrast of Day and Night",
                    "content": "The wings of Time are black and white,\nPied with morning and with night.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:000",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 1,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Natural Balance Between Mountains and Oceans",
                    "content": "Mountain tall and ocean deep\nTrembling balance duly keep.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:001",
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                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Feud of Want and Have in Relation to Natural Phenomena",
                    "content": "In changing moon, in tidal wave,\nGlows the feud of Want and Have.",
                    "type": "body",
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                {
                    "index": 3,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Measurement of Spatial Variations by Electric Star and Pencil",
                    "content": "Gauge of more and less through space\nElectric star and pencil plays.",
                    "type": "body",
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                    "index": 4,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Symbolic Representation of Earth's Solitude and Insignificance in the Universe",
                    "content": "The lonely Earth amid the balls\nThat hurry through the eternal halls,\nA makeweight flying to the void,\nSupplemental asteroid,\nOr compensatory spark,\nShoots across the neutral Dark.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:004",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 5,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Metaphor of Man and Wealth as Elm and Vine Indicating Strength and Deception",
                    "content": "Man's the elm, and Wealth the vine;\nStanch and strong the tendrils twine:\nThough the frail ringlets thee deceive,\nNone from its stock that vine can reave.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:005",
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                },
                {
                    "index": 6,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Reassurance of Divine Protection for the Vulnerable",
                    "content": "Fear not, then, thou child infirm,\nThere's no god dare wrong a worm.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:006",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 7,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Rewards of Effort and Nature's Gifts",
                    "content": "Laurel crowns cleave to deserts,\nAnd power to him who power exerts;\nHast not thy share? On winged feet,\nLo! it rushes thee to meet;\nAnd all that Nature made thy own,\nFloating in air or pent in stone,\nWill rive the hills and swim the sea,\nAnd, like thy shadow, follow thee.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:007",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 8,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Desire to Write a Discourse on Compensation and Its Perceived Superiority Over Theology",
                    "content": "Ever since I was a boy, I have wished to write a discourse on Compensation: for it seemed to me when very young, that on this subject life was ahead of theology, and the people knew more than the preachers taught. The documents, too, from which the doctrine is to be drawn, charmed my fancy by their endless variety, and lay always before me, even in sleep; for they are the tools in our hands, the bread in our basket, the transactions of the street, the farm, and the dwelling-house, greetings, relations, debts and credits, the influence of character, the nature and endowment of all men. It seemed to me, also, that in it might be shown men a ray of divinity, the present action of the soul of this world, clean from all vestige of tradition, and so the heart of man might be bathed by an inundation of eternal love, conversing with that which he knows was always and always must be, because it really is now. It appeared, moreover, that if this doctrine could be stated in terms with any resemblance to those bright intuitions in which this truth is sometimes revealed to us, it would be a star in many dark hours and crooked passages in our journey that would not suffer us to lose our way.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:008",
                    "children": []
                },
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                    "index": 9,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Confirmation of Doctrine of Compensation through Sermon on the Last Judgment",
                    "content": "I was lately confirmed in these desires by hearing a sermon at church. The preacher, a man esteemed for his orthodoxy, unfolded in the ordinary manner the doctrine of the Last Judgment. He assumed, that judgment is not executed in this world; that the wicked are successful; that the good are miserable; and then urged from reason and from Scripture a compensation to be made to both parties in the next life. No offence appeared to be taken by the congregation at this doctrine. As far as I could observe, when the meeting broke up, they separated without remark on the sermon.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:009",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 10,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Questioning the Interpretation of the Doctrine of Compensation in the Afterlife",
                    "content": "Yet what was the import of this teaching? What did the preacher mean by saying that the good are miserable in the present life? Was it that houses and lands, offices, wine, horses, dress, luxury, are had by unprincipled men, whilst the saints are poor and despised; and that a compensation is to be made to these last hereafter, by giving them the like gratifications another day,--bank-stock and doubloons, venison and champagne? This must be the compensation intended; for what else? Is it that they are to have leave to pray and praise? to love and serve men? Why, that they can do now.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:010",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 11,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Misinterpretation of Deferred Justice and Retribution",
                    "content": "The legitimate inference the disciple would draw was,--'We are to have such a good time as the sinners have now';--or, to push it to its extreme import, --'You sin now; we shall sin by and by; we would sin now, if we could; not being successful, we expect our revenge to-morrow.'",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:011",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 12,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Critique of Preacher's Concession and Misguided Notion of Success",
                    "content": "The fallacy lay in the immense concession, that the bad are successful; that justice is not done now. The blindness of the preacher consisted in deferring to the base estimate of the market of what constitutes a manly success, instead of confronting and convicting the world from the truth; announcing the presence of the soul; the omnipotence of the will: and so establishing the standard of good and ill, of success and falsehood.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:012",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 13,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Critique of Contemporary Religious Works and Popular Theology",
                    "content": "I find a similar base tone in the popular religious works of the day, and the same doctrines assumed by the literary men when occasionally they treat the related topics. I think that our popular theology has gained in decorum, and not in principle, over the superstitions it has displaced. But men are better than this theology. Their daily life gives it the lie. Every ingenuous and aspiring soul leaves the doctrine behind him in his own experience; and all men feel sometimes the falsehood which they cannot demonstrate. For men are wiser than they know. That which they hear in schools and pulpits without after-thought, if said in conversation, would probably be questioned in silence. If a man dogmatize in a mixed company on Providence and the divine laws, he is answered by a silence which conveys well enough to an observer the dissatisfaction of the hearer, but his incapacity to make his own statement.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:013",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 14,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Introduction to the Law of Compensation Chapter",
                    "content": "I shall attempt in this and the following chapter to record some facts that indicate the path of the law of Compensation; happy beyond my expectation, if I shall truly draw the smallest arc of this circle.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:014",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 15,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Description of Polarity and Dualism in Natural Phenomena",
                    "content": "POLARITY, or action and reaction, we meet in every part of nature; in darkness and light; in heat and cold; in the ebb and flow of waters; in male and female; in the inspiration and expiration of plants and animals; in the equation of quantity and quality in the fluids of the animal body; in the systole and diastole of the heart; in the undulations of fluids, and of sound; in the centrifugal and centripetal gravity; in electricity, galvanism, and chemical affinity.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:015",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 16,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Principle of Dualism and Magnetic Polarity",
                    "content": "Superinduce magnetism at one end of a needle; the opposite magnetism takes place at the other end. If the south attracts, the north repels. To empty here, you must condense there. An inevitable dualism bisects nature, so that each thing is a half, and suggests another thing to make it whole; as, spirit, matter; man, woman; odd, even; subjective, objective; in, out; upper, under; motion, rest; yea, nay.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:016",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 17,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Principle of Dualism and Compensation in Natural and Biological Systems",
                    "content": "Whilst the world is thus dual, so is every one of its parts. The entire system of things gets represented in every particle. There is somewhat that resembles the ebb and flow of the sea, day and night, man and woman, in a single needle of the pine, in a kernel of corn, in each individual of every animal tribe. The reaction, so grand in the elements, is repeated within these small boundaries. For example, in the animal kingdom the physiologist has observed that no creatures are favorites, but a certain compensation balances every gift and every defect. A surplusage given to one part is paid out of a reduction from another part of the same creature. If the head and neck are enlarged, the trunk and extremities are cut short.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:017",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 18,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Illustration of Mechanical Forces Theory: Power-Time Trade-off",
                    "content": "The theory of the mechanic forces is another example. What we gain in power is lost in time; and the converse.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:018",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 19,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Astronomical Errors and Their Compensatory Nature",
                    "content": "The periodic or compensating errors of the planets is another instance.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:019",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 20,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Influences of Climate and Soil on Political History",
                    "content": "The influences of climate and soil in political history are another. The cold climate invigorates. The barren soil does not breed fevers, crocodiles, tigers, or scorpions.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:020",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 21,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Dualism of Human Nature and Balance of Excesses and Defects",
                    "content": "The same dualism underlies the nature and condition of man. Every excess causes a defect; every defect an excess. Every sweet hath its sour; every evil its good. Every faculty which is a receiver of pleasure has an equal penalty put on its abuse. It is to answer for its moderation with its life. For every grain of wit there is a grain of folly. For every thing you have missed, you have gained something else; and for every thing you gain, you lose something. If riches increase, they are increased that use them. If the gatherer gathers too much, nature takes out of the man what she puts into his chest; swells the estate, but kills the owner. Nature hates monopolies and exceptions.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:021",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 22,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Natural Equalization of Social Conditions and Circumstances",
                    "content": "The waves of the sea do not more speedily seek a level from their loftiest tossing, than the varieties of condition tend to equalize themselves. There is always some levelling circumstance that puts down the overbearing, the strong, the rich, the fortunate, substantially on the same ground with all others.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:022",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 23,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Nature's Role in Softening the Morose Citizen Through Familial Bonds",
                    "content": "Is a man too strong and fierce for society, and by temper and position a bad citizen, \u2014 a morose ruffian, with a dash of the pirate in him;\u2014\u2014 nature sends him a troop of pretty sons and daughters, who are getting along in the dame's classes at the village school, and love and fear for them smooths his grim scowl to courtesy. Thus she contrives to intenerate the granite and felspar, takes the boar out and puts the lamb in, and keeps her balance true.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:023",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 24,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Cost of Presidential Power and Public Perception",
                    "content": "The farmer imagines power and place are fine things. But the President has paid dear for his White House. It has commonly cost him all his peace, and the best of his manly attributes. To preserve for a short time so conspicuous an appearance before the world, he is content to eat dust before the real masters who stand erect behind the throne.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:024",
                    "children": []
                },
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                    "index": 25,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Sacrifices and Responsibilities of Genius and Eminence",
                    "content": "Or, do men desire the more substantial and permanent grandeur of genius? Neither has this an immunity. He who by force of will or of thought is great, and overlooks thousands, has the charges of that eminence. With every influx of light comes new danger. Has he light? he must bear witness to the light, and always outrun that sympathy which gives him such keen satisfaction, by his fidelity to new revelations of the incessant soul. He must hate father and mother, wife and child. Has he all that the world loves and admires and covets? \u2014 he must cast behind him their admiration, and afflict them by faithfulness to his truth, and become a byword and a hissing.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:025",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 26,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Immutable Nature of Universal Law and its Influence on Governance",
                    "content": "This law writes the laws of cities and nations. It is in vain to build or plot or combine against it. Things refuse to be mismanaged long. Res nolunt diu male administrari. Though no checks to a new evil appear, the checks exist, and will appear.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:026",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 27,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Consequences of Government Actions on Social and Legal Dynamics",
                    "content": "If the government is cruel, the governor's life is not safe. If you tax too high, the revenue will yield nothing. If you make the criminal code sanguinary, juries will not convict. If the law is too mild, private vengeance comes in. If the government is a terrific democracy, the pressure is resisted by an overcharge of energy in the citizen, and life glows with a fiercer flame.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:027",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 28,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Human Fulfillment and Satisfaction Independent of External Conditions",
                    "content": "The true life and satisfactions of man seem to elude the utmost rigors or felicities of condition, and to establish themselves with great indifferency under all varieties of circumstances.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:028",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 29,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Universality of Character Influence Across Different Governments and Historical Periods",
                    "content": "Under all governments the influence of character remains the same, \u2014 in Turkey and in New England about alike. Under the primeval despots of Egypt, history honestly confesses that man must have been as free as culture could make him.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:029",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 30,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Universe Representation in Every Particle and Unified Nature in Metamorphosis",
                    "content": "These appearances indicate the fact that the universe is represented in every one of its particles. Every thing in nature contains all the powers of nature. Every thing is made of one hidden stuff; as the naturalist sees one type under every metamorphosis, and regards a horse as a running man, a fish as a swimming man, a bird as a flying man, a tree as a rooted man.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:030",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 31,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Repetition of Universal Characteristics in Each New Form",
                    "content": "Each new form repeats not only the main character of the type, but part for part all the details, all the aims, furtherances, hindrances, energies, and whole system of every other.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:031",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 32,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Holistic Representation of Human Life in Occupations and Trades",
                    "content": "Every occupation, trade, art, transaction, is a compend of the world, and a correlative of every other. Each one is an entire emblem of human life; of its good and ill, its trials, its enemies, its course and its end. And each one must somehow accommodate the whole man, and recite all his destiny.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:032",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 33,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Analogy of Perfection and Completeness in Small Entities",
                    "content": "The world globes itself in a drop of dew. The microscope cannot find the animalcule which is less perfect for being little. Eyes, ears, taste, smell, motion, resistance, appetite, and organs of reproduction that take hold on eternity, \u2014 all find room to consist in the small creature. So do we put our life into every act.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:033",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 34,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Doctrine of Omnipresence and Universal Balance",
                    "content": "The true doctrine of omnipresence is, that God reappears with all his parts in every moss and cobweb. The value of the universe contrives to throw itself into every point. If the good is there, so is the evil; if the affinity, so the repulsion; if the force, so the limitation.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:034",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 35,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Living Universe and the Moral Law",
                    "content": "Thus is the universe alive. All things are moral. That soul, which within us is a sentiment, outside of us is a law. We feel its inspiration; out there in history we can see its fatal strength. \"It is in the world, and the world was made by it.\"",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:035",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 36,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Immediacy and Universality of Justice",
                    "content": "Justice is not postponed. A perfect equity adjusts its balance in all parts of life. {Oi chusoi Dios aei enpiptousi}, \u2014 The dice of God are always loaded.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:036",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 37,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Inherent Balance and Reciprocity of the Universe",
                    "content": "The world looks like a multiplication-table, or a mathematical equation, which, turn it how you will, balances itself. Take what figure you will, its exact value, nor more nor less, still returns to you.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:037",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 38,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Inescapable Nature of Retribution and Justice",
                    "content": "Every secret is told, every crime is punished, every virtue rewarded, every wrong redressed, in silence and certainty. What we call retribution is the universal necessity by which the whole appears wherever a part appears. If you see smoke, there must be fire. If you see a hand or a limb, you know that the trunk to which it belongs is there behind.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:038",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 39,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Doctrine of Causal Retribution and Inseparability of Cause and Effect",
                    "content": "Every act rewards itself, or, in other words, integrates itself, in a twofold manner; first, in the thing, or in real nature; and secondly, in the circumstance, or in apparent nature. Men call the circumstance the retribution. The causal retribution is in the thing, and is seen by the soul. The retribution in the circumstance is seen by the understanding; it is inseparable from the thing, but is often spread over a long time, and so does not become distinct until after many years. The specific stripes may follow late after the offence, but they follow because they accompany it. Crime and punishment grow out of one stem. Punishment is a fruit that unsuspected ripens within the flower of the pleasure which concealed it. Cause and effect, means and ends, seed and fruit, cannot be severed; for the effect already blooms in the cause, the end preexists in the means, the fruit in the seed.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:039",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 40,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Conflict Between Holistic Worldview and Human Partial Actions",
                    "content": "Whilst thus the world will be whole, and refuses to be disparted, we seek to act partially, to sunder, to appropriate; for example, \u2014 to gratify the senses, we sever the pleasure of the senses from the needs of the character.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:040",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 41,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Human Ingenuity in Separating Sensual from Moral Qualities",
                    "content": "The ingenuity of man has always been dedicated to the solution of one problem,--how to detach the sensual sweet, the sensual strong, the sensual bright, &c., from the moral sweet, the moral deep, the moral fair; that is, again, to contrive to cut clean off this upper surface so thin as to leave it bottomless; to get a one end, without an other end.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:041",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 42,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Contrast Between Spiritual and Physical Desires",
                    "content": "The soul says, Eat; the body would feast. The soul says, The man and woman shall be one flesh and one soul; the body would join the flesh only. The soul says, Have dominion over all things to the ends of virtue; the body would have the power over things to its own ends.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:042",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 43,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Soul's Pursuit of Comprehensive Existence and Enrichment",
                    "content": "The soul strives amain to live and work through all things. It would be the only fact. All things shall be added unto it power, pleasure, knowledge, beauty.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:043",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 44,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Individual Ambitions and Misconceptions of Greatness",
                    "content": "The particular man aims to be somebody; to set up for himself; to truck and higgle for a private good; and, in particulars, to ride, that he may ride; to dress, that he may be dressed; to eat, that he may eat; and to govern, that he may be seen. Men seek to be great; they would have offices, wealth, power, and fame. They think that to be great is to possess one side of nature,--the sweet, without the other side,--the bitter.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:044",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 45,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "\"Failure of Attempts to Divide and Detach Elements from the Whole\"",
                    "content": "This dividing and detaching is steadily counteracted. Up to this day, it must be owned, no projector has had the smallest success. The parted water reunites behind our hand.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:045",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 46,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Inherent Interdependence of Pleasure, Profit, and Power",
                    "content": "Pleasure is taken out of pleasant things, profit out of profitable things, power out of strong things, as soon as we seek to separate them from the whole.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:046",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 47,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Indivisibility of Sensual Goods and Natural Conditions",
                    "content": "We can no more halve things and get the sensual good, by itself, than we can get an inside that shall have no outside, or a light without a shadow. \"Drive out nature with a fork, she comes running back.\"",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:047",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 48,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Inevitable Conditions of Life and the Futility of Denial",
                    "content": "Life invests itself with inevitable conditions, which the unwise seek to dodge, which one and another brags that he does not know; that they do not touch him; \u2014 but the brag is on his lips, the conditions are in his soul.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:048",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 49,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Consequences of Evading Life's Inevitabilities and Their Resulting Retribution",
                    "content": "If he escapes them in one part, they attack him in another more vital part. If he has escaped them in form, and in the appearance, it is because he has resisted his life, and fled from himself, and the retribution is so much death.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:049",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 50,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Inescapable Failure of Separating Good from Tax and the Consequences of Intellectual Corruption",
                    "content": "So signal is the failure of all attempts to make this separation of the good from the tax, that the experiment would not be tried,--since to try it is to be mad,--but for the circumstance, that when the disease began in the will, of rebellion and separation, the intellect is at once infected, so that the man ceases to see God whole in each object, but is able to see the sensual allurement of an object, and not see the sensual hurt; he sees the mermaid's head, but not the dragon's tail; and thinks he can cut off that which he would have, from that which he would not have. \"How secret art thou who dwellest in the highest heavens in silence, O thou only great God, sprinkling with an unwearied Providence certain penal blindnesses upon such as have unbridled desires!\"",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:050",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 51,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Role of the Human Soul in Reflecting Truth Through Various Forms of Expression",
                    "content": "The human soul is true to these facts in the painting of fable, of history, of law, of proverbs, of conversation. It finds a tongue in literature unawares.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:051",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 52,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Greek Mythology: Rationalizing the Deeds of Jupiter",
                    "content": "Thus the Greeks called Jupiter, Supreme Mind; but having traditionally ascribed to him many base actions, they involuntarily made amends to reason, by tying up the hands of so bad a god. He is made as helpless as a king of England.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:052",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 53,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Prometheus and Minerva's Control Over Jove's Secrets and Thunders",
                    "content": "Prometheus knows one secret which Jove must bargain for; Minerva, another. He cannot get his own thunders; Minerva keeps the key of them.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:053",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 54,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Confession of Universal Influence and Moral Purpose",
                    "content": "A plain confession of the in-working of the All, and of its moral aim.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:054",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 55,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Ethical Consistency in Indian Mythology and Moral Imperative in Fables",
                    "content": "The Indian mythology ends in the same ethics; and it would seem impossible for any fable to be invented and get any currency which was not moral.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:055",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 56,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Myth of Aurora and Tithonus' Immortal Aging",
                    "content": "Aurora forgot to ask youth for her lover, and though Tithonus is immortal, he is old.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:056",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 57,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Achilles' Vulnerability Due to Unwashed Heel",
                    "content": "Achilles is not quite invulnerable; the sacred waters did not wash the heel by which Thetis held him.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:057",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 58,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Siegfried's Vulnerability Due to Leaf Covering Mortal Spot",
                    "content": "Siegfried, in the Nibelungen, is not quite immortal, for a leaf fell on his back whilst he was bathing in the dragon's blood, and that spot which it covered is mortal.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:058",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 59,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Inevitability of Imperfection in Creation",
                    "content": "And so it must be. There is a crack in every thing God has made.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:059",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 60,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Doctrine of Nemesis: Unavoidable Retribution and Inescapable Laws in Nature",
                    "content": "It would seem, there is always this vindictive circumstance stealing in at unawares, even into the wild poesy in which the human fancy attempted to make bold holiday, and to shake itself free of the old laws, \u2014 this back-stroke, this kick of the gun, certifying that the law is fatal; that in nature nothing can be given, all things are sold.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:060",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 61,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Doctrine of Nemesis: Universal Vigilance and Inescapable Retribution",
                    "content": "This is that ancient doctrine of Nemesis, who keeps watch in the universe, and lets no offence go unchastised.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:061",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 62,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Furies as Attendants on Justice and Cosmic Retribution",
                    "content": "The Furies, Web Site they said, are attendants on justice, and if the sun in heaven should transgress his path, they would punish him.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:062",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 63,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Mythological Allegories of Sympathetic Retribution in Objects",
                    "content": "The poets related that stone walls, and iron swords, and leathern thongs had an occult sympathy with the wrongs of their owners; that the belt which Ajax gave Hector dragged the Trojan hero over the field at the wheels of the car of Achilles, and the sword which Hector gave Ajax was that on whose point Ajax fell.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:063",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 64,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Account of Rival's Death Due to the Fallen Statue of Theagenes",
                    "content": "They recorded, that when the Thasians erected a statue to Theagenes, a victor in the games, one of his rivals went to it by night, and endeavoured to throw it down by repeated blows, until at last he moved it from its pedestal, and was crushed to death beneath its fall.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:064",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 65,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Divine Inspiration and Collective Spirit in Writing",
                    "content": "This voice of fable has in it somewhat divine. It came from thought above the will of the writer. That is the best part of each writer, which has nothing private in it; that which he does not know; that which flowed out of his constitution, and not from his too active invention; that which in the study of a single artist you might not easily find, but in the study of many, you would abstract as the spirit of them all.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:065",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 66,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Critique of Historical Figures' Influence on Artistic and Cultural Evolution",
                    "content": "Phidias it is not, but the work of man in that early Hellenic world, that I would know. The name and circumstance of Phidias, however convenient for history, embarrass when we come to the highest criticism. We are to see that which man was tending to do in a given period, and was hindered, or, if you will, modified in doing, by the interfering volitions of Phidias, of Dante, of Shakspeare, the organ whereby man at the moment wrought.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:066",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 67,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Universality and Authority of Proverbs in Expressing Absolute Truths",
                    "content": "Still more striking is the expression of this fact in the proverbs of all nations, which are always the literature of reason, or the statements of an absolute truth, without qualification. Proverbs, like the sacred books of each nation, are the sanctuary of the intuitions. That which the droning world, chained to appearances, will not allow the realist to say in his own words, it will suffer him to say in proverbs without contradiction. And this law of laws which the pulpit, the senate, and the college deny, is hourly preached in all markets and workshops by flights of proverbs, whose teaching is as true and as omnipresent as that of birds and flies.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:067",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 68,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Principle of Reciprocity and Consequences in Proverbs",
                    "content": "All things are double, one against another. -- Tit for tat; an eye for an eye; a tooth for a tooth; blood for blood; measure for measure; love for love. -- Give and it shall be given you. -- He that watereth shall be watered himself. -- What will you have? quoth God; pay for it and take it. -- Nothing venture, nothing have. -- Thou shalt be paid exactly for what thou hast done, no more, no less. -- Who doth not work shall not eat. -- Harm watch, harm catch. -- Curses always recoil on the head of him who imprecates them. -- If you put a chain around the neck of a slave, the other end fastens itself around your own. -- Bad counsel confounds the adviser. -- The Devil is an ass.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:068",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 69,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "\"The Dominance of Natural Law Over Human Intentions\"",
                    "content": "It is thus written, because it is thus in life. Our action is overmastered and characterized above our will by the law of nature. We aim at a petty end quite aside from the public good, but our act arranges itself by irresistible magnetism in a line with the poles of the world.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:069",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 70,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Self-Judgment and Consequences of Speech",
                    "content": "A man cannot speak but he judges himself. With his will, or against his will, he draws his portrait to the eye of his companions by every word. Every opinion reacts on him who utters it. It is a thread-ball thrown at a mark, but the other end remains in the thrower's bag. Or, rather, it is a harpoon hurled at the whale, unwinding, as it flies, a coil of cord in the boat, and if the harpoon is not good, or not well thrown, it will go nigh to cut the steersman in twain, or to sink the boat.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:070",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 71,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Consequences of Pride and Exclusion in Social and Religious Life",
                    "content": "You cannot do wrong without suffering wrong. \"No man had ever a point of pride that was not injurious to him,\" said Burke. The exclusive in fashionable life does not see that he excludes himself from enjoyment, in the attempt to appropriate it. The exclusionist in religion does not see that he shuts the door of heaven on himself, in striving to shut out others. Treat men as pawns and ninepins, and you shall suffer as well as they. If you leave out their heart, you shall lose your own. The senses would make things of all persons; of women, of children, of the poor. The vulgar proverb, \"I will get it from his purse or get it from his skin,\" is sound philosophy.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:071",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 72,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Consequences of Departing from Simplicity and Equity in Social Relations",
                    "content": "All infractions of love and equity in our social relations are speedily punished. They are punished by fear. Whilst I stand in simple relations to my fellow-man, I have no displeasure in meeting him. We meet as water meets water, or as two currents of air mix, with perfect diffusion and interpenetration of nature. But as soon as there is any departure from simplicity, and attempt at halfness, or good for me that is not good for him, my neighbour feels the wrong; he shrinks from me as far as I have shrunk from him; his eyes no longer seek mine; there is war between us; there is hate in him and fear in me.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:072",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 73,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "The Role of Fear in Revealing and Avenging Social Injustices",
                    "content": "All the old abuses in society, universal and particular, all unjust accumulations of property and power, are avenged in the same manner. Fear is an instructer of great sagacity, and the herald of all revolutions. One thing he teaches, that there is rottenness where he appears. He is a carrion crow, and though you see not well what he hovers for, there is death somewhere. Our property is timid, our laws are timid, our cultivated classes are timid. Fear for ages has boded and mowed and gibbered over government and property. That obscene bird is not there for nothing. He indicates great wrongs which must be revised.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:073",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 74,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Expectation of Change Following Suspension of Voluntary Activity",
                    "content": "Of the like nature is that expectation of change which instantly follows the suspension of our voluntary activity. The terror of cloudless noon, the emerald of Polycrates, the awe of prosperity, the instinct which leads every generous soul to impose on itself tasks of a noble asceticism and vicarious virtue, are the tremblings of the balance of justice through the heart and mind of man.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:074",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 75,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Value of Paying Obligations Promptly and Consequences of Excessive Frugality",
                    "content": "Experienced men of the world know very well that it is best to pay scot and lot as they go along, and that a man often pays dear for a small frugality.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:075",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 76,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Borrower's Self-Incurred Debt",
                    "content": "The borrower runs in his own debt.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:000:076",
                    "children": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "index": 1,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Question on the Net Benefit of Receiving Favors Without Reciprocation",
            "content": "Has a man gained any thing who has received a hundred favors and rendered none?",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:001",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 2,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Questioning Gains from Borrowing Neighbor's Property Through Indolence or Cunning",
            "content": "Has he gained by borrowing, through indolence or cunning, his neighbour's wares, or horses, or money?",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:002",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 3,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Acknowledgment of Benefit and Debt in Transactions Altering Mutual Relations",
            "content": "There arises on the deed the instant acknowledgment of benefit on the one part, and of debt on the other; that is, of superiority and inferiority. The transaction remains in the memory of himself and his neighbour; and every new transaction alters, according to its nature, their relation to each other.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:003",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 4,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Realization of the True Cost of Dependency and Asking for Favors",
            "content": "He may soon come to see that he had better have broken his own bones than to have ridden in his neighbour's coach, and that \"the highest price he can pay for a thing is to ask for it.\"",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:004",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 5,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Prudence in Fulfilling Obligations and Avoiding Deferred Debts",
            "content": "A wise man will extend this lesson to all parts of life, and know that it is the part of prudence to face every claimant, and pay every just demand on your time, your talents, or your heart. Always pay; for, first or last, you must pay your entire debt. Persons and events may stand for a time between you and justice, but it is only a postponement. You must pay at last your own debt. If you are wise, you will dread a prosperity which only loads you with more.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:005",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 6,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Reciprocal Obligation and the Natural Law of Benefits",
            "content": "Benefit is the end of nature. But for every benefit which you receive, a tax is levied. He is great who confers the most benefits. He is base--and that is the one base thing in the universe--to receive favors and render none. In the order of nature we cannot render benefits to those from whom we receive them, or only seldom. But the benefit we receive must be rendered again, line for line, deed for deed, cent for cent, to somebody. Beware of too much good staying in your hand. It will fast corrupt and worm worms. Pay it away quickly in some sort.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:006",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 7,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Prudent Advice on the True Cost of Labor",
            "content": "Labor is watched over by the same pitiless laws. Cheapest, say the prudent, is the dearest labor.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:007",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 8,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Application of Practical Wisdom in Everyday Purchases",
            "content": "What we buy in a broom, a mat, a wagon, a knife, is some application of good sense to a common want.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:008",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 9,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Importance of Employing Skilled Professionals for Efficient Management of Various Tasks",
            "content": "It is best to pay in your land a skilful gardener, or to buy good sense applied to gardening; in your sailor, good sense applied to navigation; in the house, good sense applied to cooking, sewing, serving; in your agent, good sense applied to accounts and affairs. So do you multiply your presence, or spread yourself throughout your estate.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:009",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 10,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Inescapable Consequences of Dishonesty in Labor and Life",
            "content": "But because of the dual constitution of things, in labor as in life there can be no cheating. The thief steals from himself. The swindler swindles himself.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:010",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 11,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Intrinsic Value of Labor: Knowledge and Virtue as Inimitable and Unstealable",
            "content": "For the real price of labor is knowledge and virtue, whereof wealth and credit are signs. These signs, like paper money, may be counterfeited or stolen, but that which they represent, namely, knowledge and virtue, cannot be counterfeited or stolen.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:011",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 12,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Necessity of Genuine Mental Effort and Pure Motives for Achieving Labor's True Goals",
            "content": "These ends of labor cannot be answered but by real exertions of the mind, and in obedience to pure motives.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:012",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 13,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Inability of Dishonest Individuals to Acquire Knowledge Through Deception",
            "content": "The cheat, the defaulter, the gambler, cannot extort the knowledge of material and moral nature which his honest care and pains yield to the operative.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:013",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 14,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Principle of Natural Law: Power Through Action",
            "content": "The law of nature is, Do the thing, and you shall have the power: but they who do not the thing have not the power.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:014",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 15,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Doctrine of Universal Compensation and the Ethical Significance of Human Labor",
            "content": "Human labor, through all its forms, from the sharpening of a stake to the construction of a city or an epic, is one immense illustration of the perfect compensation of the universe. The absolute balance of Give and Take, the doctrine that every thing has its price,--and if that price is not paid, not that thing but something else is obtained, and that it is impossible to get any thing without its price,--is not less sublime in the columns of a leger than in the budgets of states, in the laws of light and darkness, in all the action and reaction of nature. I cannot doubt that the high laws which each man sees implicated in those processes with which he is conversant, the stern ethics which sparkle on his chisel-edge, which are measured out by his plumb and foot-rule, which stand as manifest in the footing of the shop-bill as in the history of a state, --do recommend to him his trade, and though seldom named, exalt his business to his imagination.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:015",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 16,
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Inescapable Consequences of Vice and Crime in Natural Law",
            "content": "The league between virtue and nature engages all things to assume a hostile front to vice. The beautiful laws and substances of the world persecute and whip the traitor. He finds that things are arranged for truth and benefit, but there is no den in the wide world to hide a rogue. Commit a crime, and the earth is made of glass. Commit a crime, and it seems as if a coat of snow fell on the ground, such as reveals in the woods the track of every partridge and fox and squirrel and mole. You cannot recall the spoken word, you cannot wipe out the foot-track, you cannot draw up the ladder, so as to leave no inlet or clew. Some damning circumstance always transpires. The laws and substances of nature--water, snow, wind, gravitation--become penalties to the thief.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:016",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 17,
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Certainty of Law in Rewarding Virtuous Actions and The Transformative Power of Goodness",
            "content": "On the other hand, the law holds with equal sureness for all right action. Love, and you shall be loved. All love is mathematically just, as much as the two sides of an algebraic equation. The good man has absolute good, which like fire turns every thing to its own nature, so that you cannot do him any harm; but as the royal armies sent against Napoleon, when he approached, cast down their colors and from enemies became friends, so disasters of all kinds, as sickness, offence, poverty, prove benefactors:--",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:017",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 18,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Poetic Illustration of Strength and Power's Reliance on Virtue",
            "content": "\"Winds blow and waters roll\nStrength to the brave, and power and deity,\nYet in themselves are nothing.\"",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:018",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 19,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Virtue Benefits from Weakness and Defect",
            "content": "The good are befriended even by weakness and defect.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:019",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 20,
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Utility of Defects and the Harm of Pride",
            "content": "As no man had ever a point of pride that was not injurious to him, so no man had ever a defect that was not somewhere made useful to him. The stag in the fable admired his horns and blamed his feet, but when the hunter came, his feet saved him, and afterwards, caught in the thicket, his horns destroyed him.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:020",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 21,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Value of Personal Faults and Adversity in Understanding Truth and Talent",
            "content": "Every man in his lifetime needs to thank his faults. As no man thoroughly understands a truth until he has contended against it, so no man has a thorough acquaintance with the hindrances or talents of men, until he has suffered from the one, and seen the triumph of the other over his own want of the same.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:021",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 22,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Consequences of Social Unfitness and Development of Self-Help Skills",
            "content": "Has he a defect of temper that unfits him to live in society? Thereby he is driven to entertain himself alone, and acquire habits of self-help; and thus, like the wounded oyster, he mends his shell with pearl.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:022",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 23,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Strength Derived from Adversity and Hidden Indignation",
            "content": "Our strength grows out of our weakness. The indignation which arms itself with secret forces does not awaken until we are pricked and stung and sorely assailed.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:023",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 24,
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Transformative Power of Adversity for Personal Growth",
            "content": "A great man is always willing to be little. Whilst he sits on the cushion of advantages, he goes to sleep. When he is pushed, tormented, defeated, he has a chance to learn something; he has been put on his wits, on his manhood; he has gained facts; learns his ignorance; is cured of the insanity of conceit; has got moderation and real skill.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:024",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 25,
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Wise Man's Strategy of Self-Examination Through Adversity",
            "content": "The wise man throws himself on the side of his assailants. It is more his interest than it is theirs to find his weak point.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:025",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 26,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Healing and Resilience Against Adversaries' Triumph",
            "content": "The wound cicatrizes and falls off from him like a dead skin, and when they would triumph, lo! he has passed on invulnerable.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:026",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 27,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Perceived Safety in Criticism Over Praise",
            "content": "Blame is safer than praise. I hate to be defended in a newspaper. As long as all that is said is said against me, I feel a certain assurance of success. But as soon as honeyed words of praise are spoken for me, I feel as one that lies unprotected before his enemies.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:027",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 28,
            "title": "",
            "name": "General Principle: Resilience as a Source of Strength",
            "content": "In general, every evil to which we do not succumb is a benefactor.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:028",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 29,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Analogy of Strength Gained from Resisting Temptation",
            "content": "As the Sandwich Islander believes that the strength and valor of the enemy he kills passes into himself, so we gain the strength of the temptation we resist.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:029",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 30,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Guards Protecting Against Disaster and Moral Corruption",
            "content": "The same guards which protect us from disaster, defect, and enmity, defend us, if we will, from selfishness and fraud.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:030",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 31,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Critique of Physical Security Measures and Trade Shrewdness as Indicators of Wisdom",
            "content": "Bolts and bars are not the best of our institutions, nor is shrewdness in trade a mark of wisdom.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:031",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 32,
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Illusion of External Deception and Self-Inflicted Loss",
            "content": "Men suffer all their life long, under the foolish superstition that they can be cheated. But it is as impossible for a man to be cheated by any one but himself, as for a thing to be and not to be at the same time.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:032",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 33,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Existence of an Implicit Third Party Ensuring Contract Fulfillment",
            "content": "There is a third silent party to all our bargains. The nature and soul of things takes on itself the guaranty of the fulfilment of every contract, so that honest service cannot come to loss.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:033",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 34,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Service to an Ungrateful Master and Divine Compensation",
            "content": "If you serve an ungrateful master, serve him the more. Put God in your debt. Every stroke shall be repaid. The longer the payment is withholden, the better for you; for compound interest on compound interest is the rate and usage of this exchequer.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:034",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 35,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Historical Ineffectiveness of Persecution Regardless of Perpetrators",
            "content": "The history of persecution is a history of endeavours to cheat nature, to make water run up hill, to twist a rope of sand. It makes no difference whether the actors be many or one, a tyrant or a mob.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:035",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 36,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Definition and Characteristics of a Mob",
            "content": "A mob is a society of bodies voluntarily bereaving themselves of reason, and traversing its work. The mob is man voluntarily descending to the nature of the beast. Its fit hour of activity is night. Its actions are insane like its whole constitution.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:036",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 37,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Persecution of Principles and Rights by Violent Actions",
            "content": "It persecutes a principle; it would whip a right; it would tar and feather justice, by inflicting fire and outrage upon the houses and persons of those who have these.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:037",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 38,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Comparison to Futile Efforts of Boys with Fire-Engines",
            "content": "It resembles the prank of boys, who run with fire-engines to put out the ruddy aurora streaming to the stars.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:038",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 39,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Indomitable Spirit and the Honoring of Martyrs",
            "content": "The inviolate spirit turns their spite against the wrongdoers. The martyr cannot be dishonored. Every lash inflicted is a tongue of fame; every prison, a more illustrious abode; every burned book or house enlightens the world; every suppressed or expunged word reverberates through the earth from side to side.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:039",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 40,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Recognition of Truth and Justification of Martyrs in Moments of Clarity",
            "content": "Hours of sanity and consideration are always arriving to communities, as to individuals, when the truth is seen, and the martyrs are justified.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:040",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 41,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Doctrine of Indifferency and the Duality of Circumstances",
            "content": "Thus do all things preach the indifferency of circumstances. The man is all. Every thing has two sides, a good and an evil. Every advantage has its tax. I learn to be content.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:041",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 42,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Distinction Between Doctrine of Compensation and Indifferency",
            "content": "But the doctrine of compensation is not the doctrine of indifferency. The thoughtless say, on hearing these representations,--What boots it to do well? there is one event to good and evil; if I gain any good, I must pay for it; if I lose any good, I gain some other; all actions are indifferent.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:042",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 43,
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Inherent Nature and Affirmative Essence of the Soul",
            "content": "There is a deeper fact in the soul than compensation, to wit, its own nature. The soul is not a compensation, but a life. The soul is. Under all this running sea of circumstance, whose waters ebb and flow with perfect balance, lies the aboriginal abyss of real Being. Essence, or God, is not a relation, or a part, but the whole. Being is the vast affirmative, excluding negation, self-balanced, and swallowing up all relations, parts, and times within itself. Nature, truth, virtue, are the influx from thence. Vice is the absence or departure of the same. Nothing, Falsehood, may indeed stand as the great Night or shade, on which, as a background, the living universe paints itself forth; but no fact is begotten by it; it cannot work; for it is not. It cannot work any good; it cannot work any harm. It is harm inasmuch as it is worse not to be than to be.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:043",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 44,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Perceived Lack of Retribution for Evil Acts and Its Ultimate Consequences",
            "content": "We feel defrauded of the retribution due to evil acts, because the criminal adheres to his vice and contumacy, and does not come to a crisis or judgment anywhere in visible nature. There is no stunning confutation of his nonsense before men and angels. Has he therefore outwitted the law? Inasmuch as he carries the malignity and the lie with him, he so far deceases from nature. In some manner there will be a demonstration of the wrong to the understanding also; but should we not see it, this deadly deduction makes square the eternal account.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:044",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 45,
            "title": "",
            "name": "No Penalty for Virtue and Wisdom; They Are Additions to Being",
            "content": "Neither can it be said, on the other hand, that the gain of rectitude must be bought by any loss. There is no penalty to virtue; no penalty to wisdom; they are proper additions of being.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:045",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 46,
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Transformative Impact of Virtuous Actions",
            "content": "In a virtuous action, I properly am; in a virtuous act, I add to the world; I plant into deserts conquered from Chaos and Nothing, and see the darkness receding on the limits of the horizon.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:046",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 47,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Limitlessness of Love, Knowledge, and Beauty in Their Purest Forms",
            "content": "There can be no excess to love; none to knowledge; none to beauty, when these attributes are considered in the purest sense.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:047",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 48,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Affirmation of Optimism and Rejection of Limits by the Soul",
            "content": "The soul refuses limits, and always affirms an Optimism, never a Pessimism.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:048",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 49,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Life as Continuous Progress and Instinct of Trust",
            "content": "His life is a progress, and not a station. His instinct is trust.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:049",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 50,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Instinctual Valuation of Human Virtue and Bravery",
            "content": "Our instinct uses \"more\" and \"less\" in application to man, of the presence of the soul, and not of its absence; the brave man is greater than the coward; the true, the benevolent, the wise, is more a man, and not less, than the fool and knave.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:050",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 51,
            "title": "",
            "name": "\"No Taxation on the Good of Virtue: Divine and Absolute Existence\"",
            "content": "There is no tax on the good of virtue; for that is the incoming of God himself, or absolute existence, without any comparative.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:051",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 52,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Taxation and Ephemeral Nature of Undeserved Material Goods",
            "content": "Material good has its tax, and if it came without desert or sweat, has no root in me, and the next wind will blow it away.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:052",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 53,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Entitlement to Natural Wealth Through Legitimate Effort",
            "content": "But all the good of nature is the soul's, and may be had, if paid for in nature's lawful coin, that is, by labor which the heart and the head allow.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:053",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 54,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Desire to Avoid Unearned Good Due to Associated Burdens",
            "content": "I no longer wish to meet a good I do not earn, for example, to find a pot of buried gold, knowing that it brings with it new burdens.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:054",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 55,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Renunciation of External Goods Due to Associated Burdens",
            "content": "I do not wish more external goods,--neither possessions, nor honors, nor powers, nor persons. The gain is apparent; the tax is certain.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:055",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 56,
            "title": "",
            "name": "No Taxation on Knowledge and Inner Peace",
            "content": "But there is no tax on the knowledge that the compensation exists, and that it is not desirable to dig up treasure. Herein I rejoice with a serene eternal peace.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:056",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 57,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Limitation of Personal Harm and Wisdom of St. Bernard",
            "content": "I contract the boundaries of possible mischief. I learn the wisdom of St. Bernard, --\"Nothing can work me damage except myself; the harm that I sustain I carry about with me, and never am a real sufferer but by my own fault.\"",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:057",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 58,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Compensation for Inequalities in the Nature of the Soul",
            "content": "In the nature of the soul is the compensation for the inequalities of condition.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:058",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 59,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Distinction of More and Less as a Source of Pain and Indignation",
            "content": "The radical tragedy of nature seems to be the distinction of More and Less. How can Less not feel the pain; how not feel indignation or malevolence towards More?",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:059",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 60,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Perception of Inequities and the Role of Love in Reducing Social Disparities",
            "content": "Look at those who have less faculty, and one feels sad, and knows not well what to make of it. He almost shuns their eye; he fears they will upbraid God. What should they do? It seems a great injustice. But see the facts nearly, and these mountainous inequalities vanish. Love reduces them, as the sun melts the iceberg in the sea.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:060",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 61,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Unity and Brotherhood: The Dissolution of Bitterness",
            "content": "The heart and soul of all men being one, this bitterness of His and Mine ceases. His is mine. I am my brother, and my brother is me.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:061",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 62,
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Transformative Power of Love and Recognition of Brotherhood",
            "content": "If I feel overshadowed and outdone by great neighbours, I can yet love; I can still receive; and he that loveth maketh his own the grandeur he loves. Thereby I make the discovery that my brother is my guardian, acting for me with the friendliest designs, and the estate I so admired and envied is my own.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:062",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 63,
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Soul's Power of Appropriation and Incorporation",
            "content": "It is the nature of the soul to appropriate all things. Jesus and Shakspeare are fragments of the soul, and by love I conquer and incorporate them in my own conscious domain. His virtue,--is not that mine? His wit,--if it cannot be made mine, it is not wit.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:063",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 64,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Calamity as a Catalyst for Growth and Evolution",
            "content": "Such, also, is the natural history of calamity. The changes which break up at short intervals the prosperity of men are advertisements of a nature whose law is growth.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:064",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 65,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Intrinsic Necessity of Personal Growth and Transformation",
            "content": "Every soul is by this intrinsic necessity quitting its whole system of things, its friends, and home, and laws, and faith, as the shell-fish crawls out of its beautiful but stony case, because it no longer admits of its growth, and slowly forms a new house. [Compare with Oliver Wendell Holmes' poem, \"Nautilus.\"]",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:065",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 66,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Frequency of Personal Revolutions in Relation to Individual Vigor",
            "content": "In proportion to the vigor of the individual, these revolutions are frequent, until in some happier mind they are incessant, and all worldly relations hang very loosely about him, becoming, as it were, a transparent fluid membrane through which the living form is seen, and not, as in most men, an indurated heterogeneous fabric of many dates, and of no settled character in which the man is imprisoned.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:066",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 67,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Transformation and Personal Growth Over Time",
            "content": "Then there can be enlargement, and the man of to-day scarcely recognizes the man of yesterday.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:067",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 68,
            "title": "",
            "name": "The Continuous Renewal and Evolution of Man's Outer Life",
            "content": "And such should be the outward biography of man in time, a putting off of dead circumstances day by day, as he renews his raiment day by day.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:068",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 69,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Resistance to Divine Growth and Its Consequences",
            "content": "But to us, in our lapsed estate, resting, not advancing, resisting, not cooperating with the divine expansion, this growth comes by shocks.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:069",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 70,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Resistance to Letting Go of the Past and Embracing the Present",
            "content": "We cannot part with our friends. We cannot let our angels go. We do not see that they only go out, that archangels may come in.[*1] We are idolaters of the old. We do not believe in the riches of the soul, in its proper eternity and omnipresence. We do not believe there is any force in to-day to rival or recreate that beautiful yesterday. We linger in the ruins of the old tent, where once we had bread and shelter and organs, nor believe that the spirit can feed, cover, and nerve us again. We cannot again find aught so dear, so sweet, so graceful. But we sit and weep in vain. The voice of the Almighty saith, 'Up and onward for evermore!' We cannot stay amid the ruins. Neither will we rely on the new; and so we walk ever with reverted eyes, like those monsters who look backwards.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:070",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 71,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Recognition of Calamity's Compensations Over Time",
            "content": "And yet the compensations of calamity are made apparent to the understanding also, after long intervals of time.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:071",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 72,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Immediate Perception of Loss as Irretrievable and Uncompensated",
            "content": "A fever, a mutilation, a cruel disappointment, a loss of wealth, a loss of friends, seems at the moment unpaid loss, and unpayable.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:072",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 73,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Long-Term Healing Potential of Adverse Events",
            "content": "But the sure years reveal the deep remedial force that underlies all facts.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:073",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 74,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Transformative Impact of Loss on Personal Development and Life Changes",
            "content": "The death of a dear friend, wife, brother, lover, which seemed nothing but privation, somewhat later assumes the aspect of a guide or genius; for it commonly operates revolutions in our way of life, terminates an epoch of infancy or of youth which was waiting to be closed, breaks up a wonted occupation, or a household, or style of living, and allows the formation of new ones more friendly to the growth of character.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:074",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 75,
            "title": "",
            "name": "Impact of Loss on Personal Development and Social Growth",
            "content": "It permits or constrains the formation of new acquaintances, and the reception of new influences that prove of the first importance to the next years; and the man or woman who would have remained a sunny garden-flower, with no room for its roots and too much sunshine for its head, by the falling of the walls and the neglect of the gardener, is made the banian of the forest, yielding shade and fruit to wide neighbourhoods of men.",
            "type": "body",
            "path": "000:075",
            "children": []
        },
        {
            "index": 76,
            "title": "Selected Criticism on \"Compensation\"",
            "name": "",
            "content": "",
            "type": "container",
            "path": "000:076",
            "children": [
                {
                    "index": 0,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Citation: Pommer, Henry F. \"The Contents and Basis of Emerson's Belief in Compensation.\"",
                    "content": "Pommer, Henry F. \"The Contents and Basis of Emerson's Belief in Compensation.\" PMLA 77 (June 1962): 248-53. Also in American Literature, ed. Young and Fine.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:076:000",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 1,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Citation: Panek, Le Roy Lad. \"Imagery and Emerson's 'Compensation.'\" 18 (4 Quarter 1962): 218-221.",
                    "content": "Panek, Le Roy Lad. \"Imagery and Emerson's 'Compensation.'\" 18 (4 Quarter 1962): 218-221.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:076:001",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 2,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Citation of Lee, Roland F., \"Emerson's 'Compensation' as Argument and Art\" in New England Quarterly 37 (Sept 1964): 291-305",
                    "content": "Lee, Roland F. \"Emerson's 'Compensation' as Argument and Art.\" New England Quarterly 37 (Sept 1964): 291-305.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:076:002",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 3,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "Reference Citation for Dale Riepe's \"Emerson and Indian Philosophy\" Article",
                    "content": "Riepe, Dale. \"Emerson and Indian PHilosophy.\" Journal of the History of Ideas 28 (Jan-March 1967): 115-22.",
                    "type": "body",
                    "path": "000:076:003",
                    "children": []
                }
            ]
        },
        {
            "index": 77,
            "title": "",
            "name": "",
            "content": "",
            "type": "other",
            "path": "000:077",
            "children": [
                {
                    "index": 0,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "",
                    "content": "Ralph Waldo Emerson\nEssays, First Series [1841]\nCompensation",
                    "type": "other",
                    "path": "000:077:000",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 1,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "",
                    "content": "\"Of all the gods, I only know the keys That ope the solid doors within whose vaults His thunders sleep.\" [Aeschylus]",
                    "type": "other",
                    "path": "000:077:001",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 2,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "",
                    "content": "Bottorff, William K. \"'Compensation,' Emerson's Ebb and Flow.\" American Studies [Taiwan] 9 (March 1979): 1-9.",
                    "type": "other",
                    "path": "000:077:002",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 3,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "",
                    "content": "Hughes, Gertrude Reif. Emerson's Demanding Optimism. Baton Rouge: LSU P, 1984.",
                    "type": "other",
                    "path": "000:077:003",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 4,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "",
                    "content": "Lasch, Christopher. The True and Only Heaven: Progress and Its Critics. NY: W. W. Norton, 1991.",
                    "type": "other",
                    "path": "000:077:004",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 5,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "",
                    "content": "Jacobson, David. \"'Compensation': Exteriority Beyond the Spirit of Revenge. ESQ 33 (2 Quarter 1987): 110-119.",
                    "type": "other",
                    "path": "000:077:005",
                    "children": []
                },
                {
                    "index": 6,
                    "title": "",
                    "name": "",
                    "content": "Larson, Kerry. \"Justice to Emerson.\" Raritan: A Quarterly Review, 21:3 (2002 Winter), 46-67.",
                    "type": "other",
                    "path": "000:077:006",
                    "children": []
                }
            ]
        }
    ]
}