test.tsx

/**
 * This is a mapped type I would maintain manually
 */
interface DefineTypes {
    "jquery": JQueryStatic,
    "underscore": Underscore
}

/**
 * This is an example of the 'define' function from requirejs, where it would take
 * an array of keys from DefineTypes and accept a callback that will receive
 * the types as positional arguments
 */
function test<T extends keyof DefineTypes>(name: T[], cb: () => void) {

}

/**
 * Here's what I want, the positional arguments (`$` and `_`) to be
 * determined using mapped types above, with zero annotations
 */
test(["jquery", "underscore"], function($, _) {
    // in here, `$` shown be known to be JQueryStatic
    // in here, `_` shown be known to be Underscore
});