This extends the Microsoft/mssql-docker image with application seed data.
Once these files are copied into a directory, place the application's .bak file in that directory and build the image.
To run the extended image, use docker run -e ACCEPT_EULA=Y -e SA_PASSWORD=yourStrong(!)Password -p 1433:1433 mssql-docker-extended
THIS IS NOT A PRODUCTION_READY SOLUTION
This approach requires a wait (guaranteed to be the wrong amount of time), for mssql to start, both when building the image (see docker-entrypoint.sh) and when starting any images that use this image. I'd much prefer Microsoft provide a way to test if/when MSSQL is running to be able to remove the waits, and provide a "real" way to extend the image with seed data (see microsoft/mssql-docker#229).
Could you use https://github.com/vishnubob/wait-for-it in place of sleep?