Created
August 24, 2012 02:11
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在构造函数中调用虚函数
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#include "stdafx.h" | |
using namespace std; | |
class C180 | |
{ | |
public: | |
C180() { | |
foo(); | |
this->foo(); | |
} | |
virtual void foo() { | |
//*this == *(void**)this | |
cout << "<< C180.foo this: " << this << " vtadr: " << *(void**)this << endl; | |
} | |
}; | |
class C190 : public C180 | |
{ | |
public: | |
C190() {} | |
virtual void foo() { | |
cout << "<< C190.foo this: " << this << " vtadr: " << *(void**)this << endl; | |
} | |
}; | |
int _tmain(int argc, _TCHAR* argv[]) | |
{ | |
C190 obj; | |
//output: | |
//<< C180.foo this: " << this << " vtadr: " << *(void**)this | |
//<< C180.foo this: " << this << " vtadr: " << *(void**)this | |
obj.foo(); | |
//output: | |
//"<< C190.foo this: " << this << " vtadr: " << *(void**)this | |
getchar(); | |
return 0; | |
} | |
//标准中提到:这是一种特例,在这种情况下,即在构造子类时调用父类的构造函数,而父类的构造函数中又调用了虚成员函数,这个虚成员函数即使被子类重写,也不允许发生多态的行为。 | |
//因为这种情况下的实例化子类对象是,会先调用父类的构造函数, | |
//然后父类构造函数申请相应对象的内存空间,得到指向这段内存空间的this指针,同时构建vtable,用vtable point指向刚刚建立的vtable,vtable中写了虚函数C180:foo的指针。 | |
//然后在调用子类的构造函数,因为重载了foo虚函数,所以用指向C190:foo的指针覆盖vtable中虚函数C180:foo的指针, 这样就实现了多态。 | |
//而在父类构造函数中调用虚函数foo时,那是vtable中还是保存着虚函数C180:foo的指针,所以调用的是C180:foo函数。 |
class Bitmap {...};
class Widget{
private:
Bitmap* pb;
}
//自我赋值不安全,并且异常也不安全
Widget& Widget::operator=(const Widget& rhs)
{
delete pb;
pb = new Bitmap(*rhs.pb)
return *this;
}
//自我赋值安全,异常不安全
Widget& Widget::operator=(const Widget& rhs)
{
if(this == &rhs) return *this;
delete pb;
pb = new BItmap(*rhs.pb);
return *this;
}
//自我赋值安全,并且异常安全
//可以加上这句判断 if(this == &rhs) return *this;
//这个就看情况了,如果自我赋值特别多的话,这句判断语句可以加上。
//如果不多的话,则应该不加,因为这句判断也是需要空间的,并且不加的情况下,自我赋值也是安全的
Widget& Widget::operator=(const Widget& rhs)
{
Bitmap* pOrig = pb;
pb = new BItmap(*rhs.pb);
delete pOrig;
return *this;
}
//copy and swap技术
class Widget{
void swap(Widget& rhs); //交换*this和rhs的数据
}
Widget& Widget::operator=(const Widget& rhs)
{
Widget temp(rhs);
swap(temp);
return *this;
}
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C++默认编写并调用的函数是: default构造函数、copy构造函数、析构函数、copy assignment操作符。 唯有当这些函数被调用的时候,它们才会被编译器创建出来。
explicit用于静止隐式转换
为了实现“连续赋值”,令operator=返回一个reference to this:
Widget& operator=(const Widget& rhs)
{
......
return *this
}
此规则最好遵守,同样+=,-=,=,/=也一样