simonhf · January 2, 2020 18:11
diff --git a/_cwrap_3.md b/_cwrap_3.md
diff --git a/c---example-1.a.c b/c---example-1.a.c
 #include "cpp-example-1.a.cpp"

diff --git a/c---example-1.b.c b/c---example-1.b.c
 #include "cpp-example-1.b.cpp"
diff --git a/c---example-1.exclude-----.output.txt b/c---example-1.exclude-----.output.txt
 r=2
 r=3
 r=4
 a=0
 a=1
 r=2
 r=2
 a=1
 a=2
 r=3
 r=3
 a=2
 a=3
 r=4
 r=4
 hello world
 a=1
 r=2
 a=100
 hello my_public
 a=101
 a=102
 a=103
 r=104
 r=104
 r=104
 r=104
 a=104
 a=105
 r=106
 r=106
 b=106
 my_int=5
 called via atexit() via baz()
 called via atexit() via baz()
 called via atexit() via baz()
 called via atexit() via main()
 called via atexit() via baz()
 called via atexit() via baz()
 called via atexit() via baz()
diff --git a/c---example-1.include-curt.output.txt b/c---example-1.include-curt.output.txt
 cwrap_log_init() {} // CWRAP_LOG: _VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 _STATS=1 _CURT=1 _FILE=0 _COR_ID=1 _THREAD_ID=0 _STACK_PTR=0 _TIMESTAMP=0
 C0 + cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all(verbosity=1) {} // #1 set verbosity for 13 functions instrumented
 C0 + main() {
 C0   + qux() {
 C0     + quux() {} = r=2 // #1
 C0     + quux() {} = r=3 // #2
 C0     + quux() {} = r=4 // #3
 C0     } // qux() #1
 C0   + bar(a=0) {
 C0     + baz(a=1) {} = r=2 // #1
 C0     } = r=2 // bar() #1
 C0   + cwrap_log_verbosity_set(verbosity=2, name=bar) {} // #1 setting verbosity to 2 (was 1) for function bar()
 C0   + baz(a=2) {} = r=3 // #2
 C0   + baz(a=3) {} = r=4 // #3
 C0   - hello world
 C0   + baz(a=1) {} = r=2 // #4
 C0   + my_public(a=100) {
 C0     - hello my_public
 C0     + my_private(a=101) {
 C0       + baz(a=103) {} = r=104 // #5
 C0       } = r=104 // my_private() #1
 C0     } = r=104 // my_public() #1
 C0   + baz(a=105) {} = r=106 // #6
 C0   - return b=106
 C0   + clean_up() {} // #1 my_int=5
 C0   } // main() #1
 C0 + bye_baz() {} // #1 called via atexit() via baz()
 C0 + bye_baz() {} // #2 called via atexit() via baz()
 C0 + bye_baz() {} // #3 called via atexit() via baz()
 C0 + bye() {} // #1 called via atexit() via main()
 C0 + bye_baz() {} // #4 called via atexit() via baz()
 C0 + bye_baz() {} // #5 called via atexit() via baz()
 C0 + bye_baz() {} // #6 called via atexit() via baz()
 C0 + cwrap_log_stats() {
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_stats() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for qux() 
 C0   - 3 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for quux() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for my_public() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for my_private() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for main() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for clean_up() 
 C0   - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye_baz() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye() 
 C0   - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for baz() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bar() 
 C0   - 25 calls to 13 of 13 functions instrumented
 C0   } // cwrap_log_stats() #1
diff --git a/c---example-1.include-long.output.txt b/c---example-1.include-long.output.txt
 cwrap_log_init() {} // CWRAP_LOG: _VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 _STATS=1 _CURT=0 _FILE=0 _COR_ID=1 _THREAD_ID=0 _STACK_PTR=0 _TIMESTAMP=0
 C0 + cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all() {
 C0   - verbosity=1
 C0   - set verbosity for 13 functions instrumented
 C0   } // cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all() #1
 C0 + main() {
 C0   + qux() {
 C0     + quux() {
 C0       - return r=2
 C0       } // quux() #1
 C0     + quux() {
 C0       - return r=3
 C0       } // quux() #2
 C0     + quux() {
 C0       - return r=4
 C0       } // quux() #3
 C0     } // qux() #1
 C0   + bar() {
 C0     - a=0
 C0     + baz() {
 C0       - a=1
 C0       - return r=2
 C0       } // baz() #1
 C0     - return r=2
 C0     } // bar() #1
 C0   + cwrap_log_verbosity_set() {
 C0     - verbosity=2, name=bar
 C0     - setting verbosity to 2 (was 1) for function bar()
 C0     } // cwrap_log_verbosity_set() #1
 C0   + baz() {
 C0     - a=2
 C0     - return r=3
 C0     } // baz() #2
 C0   + baz() {
 C0     - a=3
 C0     - return r=4
 C0     } // baz() #3
 C0   - hello world
 C0   + baz() {
 C0     - a=1
 C0     - return r=2
 C0     } // baz() #4
 C0   + my_public() {
 C0     - a=100
 C0     - hello my_public
 C0     + my_private() {
 C0       - a=101
 C0       + baz() {
 C0         - a=103
 C0         - return r=104
 C0         } // baz() #5
 C0       - return r=104
 C0       } // my_private() #1
 C0     - return r=104
 C0     } // my_public() #1
 C0   + baz() {
 C0     - a=105
 C0     - return r=106
 C0     } // baz() #6
 C0   - return b=106
 C0   + clean_up() {
 C0     - my_int=5
 C0     } // clean_up() #1
 C0   } // main() #1
 C0 + bye_baz() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via baz()
 C0   } // bye_baz() #1
 C0 + bye_baz() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via baz()
 C0   } // bye_baz() #2
 C0 + bye_baz() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via baz()
 C0   } // bye_baz() #3
 C0 + bye() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via main()
 C0   } // bye() #1
 C0 + bye_baz() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via baz()
 C0   } // bye_baz() #4
 C0 + bye_baz() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via baz()
 C0   } // bye_baz() #5
 C0 + bye_baz() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via baz()
 C0   } // bye_baz() #6
 C0 + cwrap_log_stats() {
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_stats() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for qux() 
 C0   - 3 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for quux() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for my_public() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for my_private() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for main() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for clean_up() 
 C0   - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye_baz() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye() 
 C0   - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for baz() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bar() 
 C0   - 25 calls to 13 of 13 functions instrumented
 C0   } // cwrap_log_stats() #1
diff --git a/c---example-1.via-1-line.mak b/c---example-1.via-1-line.mak
 all: c---example-1.via-1-line.exe
 	@echo - Makefile: 1 line: Running $<
 	CWRAP_LOG_VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 CWRAP_LOG_STATS=1 ./$< 2>&1 | tee run.log

 c---example-1.via-1-line.exe: c---example-1.*.c cpp-example-1.*.cpp cpp-example-1.*.hpp
 	@echo - Makefile: 1 line: Building and linking $@
 	$(CC) $(OPT) -Werror -g -o $@ c---example-1.*.c
diff --git a/c---example-1.via-n-line.mak b/c---example-1.via-n-line.mak
 all: c---example-1.via-n-line.exe
 	@echo - Makefile: n line: Running $<
 	CWRAP_LOG_VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 CWRAP_LOG_STATS=1 ./$< 2>&1 | tee run.log

 c---example-1.a.o: c---example-1.a.c cpp-example-1.a.cpp cpp-example-1.*.hpp
 	@echo - Makefile: n lines: Building $@
 	$(CC) $(OPT) -Werror -g -o $@ -c $<

 c---example-1.b.o: c---example-1.b.c cpp-example-1.b.cpp cpp-example-1.*.hpp
 	@echo - Makefile: n lines: Building $@
 	$(CC) $(OPT) -Werror -g -o $@ -c $<

 c---example-1.via-n-line.exe: c---example-1.a.o c---example-1.b.o
 	@echo - Makefile: n lines: Linking $@
 	$(CC) -Werror -g -o $@ $^

diff --git a/cpp-example-1.a.cpp b/cpp-example-1.a.cpp
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include "cpp-example-1.a.hpp"

 #define INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))

 extern        void clean_up(int * my_int);
              void bye_baz (void        ) { append_printf("called via atexit() via baz()\n"); }
              void bye     (void        ) { append_printf("called via atexit() via main()\n"); }
              int  baz     (int a       ) { atexit(bye_baz); params_printf("a=%d\n", a); int r =    (1 + a); result_printf("r=%d\n", r); return r; }
 static INLINE int  bar     (int a       ) {                  params_printf("a=%d\n", a); int r = baz(1 + a); result_printf("r=%d\n", r); return r; }
 static INLINE int  quux    (int a       ) {                                              int r =    (1 + a); result_printf("r=%d\n", r); return r; }
 static        void qux     (void        ) { for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { quux(1 + i); } }

 #ifdef __cplusplus
 class Foo {
    private:
    my_struct my_struct_3;
 #endif
    int my_private(int a) { params_printf("a=%d\n", a); int r = bar(1 + a); result_printf("r=%d\n", r); return r; }

 #ifdef __cplusplus
    public:
    Foo(const char* arg1) : my_struct_3("my_struct_3", arg1) { append_printf(  "constructing Foo\n"); debug_printf("inside Foo\n");  }
    ~Foo()                                                   { append_printf("deconstructing Foo\n"); debug_printf("inside ~Foo\n");  }
 #endif
    int my_public(int a) { params_printf("a=%d\n", a); debug_printf("hello my_public\n"); int r = my_private(1 + a); result_printf("r=%d\n", r); return r; }
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 };
 #endif

 #ifdef __cplusplus
 my_struct my_struct_1("my_struct_1");
 #endif

 int main() {
    qux();
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        bar(i);
 #ifdef CWRAP
        if (0 == i) {
        	cwrap_log_verbosity_set(2, "bar");
        }
 #endif
    }
    atexit(bye);
    int my_int __attribute__ ((__cleanup__(clean_up))) = 1;
    my_int = 5;
    debug_printf("hello world\n");
    int b = baz(1);
 #ifdef __cplusplus
    int x1 = 12345, y1 = 67890;
    get_max <int> (x1,y1);
    char x2 = 43, y2 = 21;
    get_max <char> (x2,y2);
    my_struct my_struct_2("my_struct_2");
    Foo foo_1("a");
    Foo foo_2("b");
    b = bar(foo_1.my_public(100));
 #else
    b = bar(      my_public(100));
 #endif
    result_printf("b=%d\n", b);
    return b;
 }

diff --git a/cpp-example-1.a.hpp b/cpp-example-1.a.hpp
 #ifndef  debug_printf
 #define  debug_printf(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
 #define params_printf(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
 #define result_printf(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
 #define append_printf(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
 #endif

 #include "cpp-example-1.b.hpp"
diff --git a/cpp-example-1.b.cpp b/cpp-example-1.b.cpp
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include "cpp-example-1.a.hpp"

 #ifdef __cplusplus
 my_struct my_struct_2("my_struct_2");
 #endif

 void clean_up(int * my_int) { append_printf("my_int=%d\n", *my_int); }
diff --git a/cpp-example-1.b.hpp b/cpp-example-1.b.hpp
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 struct my_struct {
   my_struct(const char *f               ) { f_ = f; params_printf("arg1=%s\n"         , f_   ); append_printf(  "constructing my_struct\n"); }
   my_struct(const char *f, const char *b) { f_ = f; params_printf("arg1=%s, arg2=%s\n", f_, b); append_printf(  "constructing my_struct\n"); }
  ~my_struct(                            ) {                                                     append_printf("deconstructing my_struct\n"); }
  const char *f_;
 };

 template <class my_type>
 my_type get_max (my_type a, my_type b) { params_printf("a=%d, b=%d\n", a, b); my_type r = (a > b) ? a : b; result_printf("r=%d\n", r); return r; }
 #endif
diff --git a/cpp-example-1.exclude-----.output.txt b/cpp-example-1.exclude-----.output.txt
 arg1=my_struct_1
 constructing my_struct
 arg1=my_struct_2
 constructing my_struct
 r=2
 r=3
 r=4
 a=0
 a=1
 r=2
 r=2
 a=1
 a=2
 r=3
 r=3
 a=2
 a=3
 r=4
 r=4
 hello world
 a=1
 r=2
 a=12345, b=67890
 r=67890
 a=43, b=21
 r=43
 arg1=my_struct_2
 constructing my_struct
 arg1=my_struct_3, arg2=a
 constructing my_struct
 constructing Foo
 inside Foo
 arg1=my_struct_3, arg2=b
 constructing my_struct
 constructing Foo
 inside Foo
 a=100
 hello my_public
 a=101
 a=102
 a=103
 r=104
 r=104
 r=104
 r=104
 a=104
 a=105
 r=106
 r=106
 b=106
 deconstructing Foo
 inside ~Foo
 deconstructing my_struct
 deconstructing Foo
 inside ~Foo
 deconstructing my_struct
 deconstructing my_struct
 my_int=5
 called via atexit() via baz()
 called via atexit() via baz()
 called via atexit() via baz()
 called via atexit() via main()
 called via atexit() via baz()
 called via atexit() via baz()
 called via atexit() via baz()
 deconstructing my_struct
 deconstructing my_struct
diff --git a/cpp-example-1.include-curt.output.txt b/cpp-example-1.include-curt.output.txt
 cwrap_log_init() {} // CWRAP_LOG: _VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 _STATS=1 _CURT=1 _FILE=0 _COR_ID=1 _THREAD_ID=0 _STACK_PTR=0 _TIMESTAMP=0
 C0 + cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all(verbosity=1) {} // #1 set verbosity for 23 functions instrumented
 C0 + _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_a_cpp() {
 C0   + __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() {
 C0     + my_struct::my_struct(arg1=my_struct_1) {} // #1 constructing my_struct
 C0     } // __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() #1
 C0   } // _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_a_cpp() #1
 C0 + _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_b_cpp() {
 C0   + __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() {
 C0     + my_struct::my_struct(arg1=my_struct_2) {} // #2 constructing my_struct
 C0     } // __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() #2
 C0   } // _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_b_cpp() #1
 C0 + main() {
 C0   + qux() {
 C0     + quux() {} = r=2 // #1
 C0     + quux() {} = r=3 // #2
 C0     + quux() {} = r=4 // #3
 C0     } // qux() #1
 C0   + bar(a=0) {
 C0     + baz(a=1) {} = r=2 // #1
 C0     } = r=2 // bar() #1
 C0   + cwrap_log_verbosity_set(verbosity=2, name=bar) {} // #1 setting verbosity to 2 (was 1) for function bar()
 C0   + baz(a=2) {} = r=3 // #2
 C0   + baz(a=3) {} = r=4 // #3
 C0   - hello world
 C0   + baz(a=1) {} = r=2 // #4
 C0   + int get_max<>(a=12345, b=67890) {} = r=67890 // #1
 C0   + char get_max<>(a=43, b=21) {} = r=43 // #1
 C0   + my_struct::my_struct(arg1=my_struct_2) {} // #3 constructing my_struct
 C0   + Foo::Foo() {
 C0     + my_struct::my_struct(arg1=my_struct_3, arg2=a) {} // #1 constructing my_struct
 C0     - constructing Foo
 C0     - inside Foo
 C0     } // Foo::Foo() #1
 C0   + Foo::Foo() {
 C0     + my_struct::my_struct(arg1=my_struct_3, arg2=b) {} // #2 constructing my_struct
 C0     - constructing Foo
 C0     - inside Foo
 C0     } // Foo::Foo() #2
 C0   + Foo::my_public(a=100) {
 C0     - hello my_public
 C0     + Foo::my_private(a=101) {
 C0       + baz(a=103) {} = r=104 // #5
 C0       } = r=104 // Foo::my_private() #1
 C0     } = r=104 // Foo::my_public() #1
 C0   + baz(a=105) {} = r=106 // #6
 C0   - return b=106
 C0   + Foo::~Foo() { // deconstructing Foo
 C0     - inside ~Foo
 C0     + my_struct::~my_struct() {} // #1 deconstructing my_struct
 C0     } // Foo::~Foo() #1
 C0   + Foo::~Foo() { // deconstructing Foo
 C0     - inside ~Foo
 C0     + my_struct::~my_struct() {} // #2 deconstructing my_struct
 C0     } // Foo::~Foo() #2
 C0   + my_struct::~my_struct() {} // #3 deconstructing my_struct
 C0   + clean_up() {} // #1 my_int=5
 C0   } // main() #1
 C0 + bye_baz() {} // #1 called via atexit() via baz()
 C0 + bye_baz() {} // #2 called via atexit() via baz()
 C0 + bye_baz() {} // #3 called via atexit() via baz()
 C0 + bye() {} // #1 called via atexit() via main()
 C0 + bye_baz() {} // #4 called via atexit() via baz()
 C0 + bye_baz() {} // #5 called via atexit() via baz()
 C0 + bye_baz() {} // #6 called via atexit() via baz()
 C0 + my_struct::~my_struct() {} // #4 deconstructing my_struct
 C0 + my_struct::~my_struct() {} // #5 deconstructing my_struct
 C0 + cwrap_log_stats() {
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_stats() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for main() 
 C0   - 5 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for my_struct::~my_struct() 
 C0   - 2 calls to 2 of 2 function variation for my_struct::my_struct() 
 C0   - 3 calls to 1 of 2 function variation for my_struct::my_struct() 
 C0   - 2 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for Foo::~Foo() 
 C0   - 2 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for Foo::Foo() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for Foo::my_public() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for Foo::my_private() 
 C0   - 3 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for quux() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for qux() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bar() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for clean_up() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for int get_max<>() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for char get_max<>() 
 C0   - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye_baz() 
 C0   - 2 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye() 
 C0   - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for baz() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_b_cpp() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_a_cpp() 
 C0   - 45 calls to 23 of 23 functions instrumented
 C0   } // cwrap_log_stats() #1
diff --git a/cpp-example-1.include-long.output.txt b/cpp-example-1.include-long.output.txt
 cwrap_log_init() {} // CWRAP_LOG: _VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 _STATS=1 _CURT=0 _FILE=0 _COR_ID=1 _THREAD_ID=0 _STACK_PTR=0 _TIMESTAMP=0
 C0 + cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all() {
 C0   - verbosity=1
 C0   - set verbosity for 23 functions instrumented
 C0   } // cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all() #1
 C0 + _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_a_cpp() {
 C0   + __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() {
 C0     + my_struct::my_struct() {
 C0       - arg1=my_struct_1
 C0       - constructing my_struct
 C0       } // my_struct::my_struct() #1
 C0     } // __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() #1
 C0   } // _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_a_cpp() #1
 C0 + _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_b_cpp() {
 C0   + __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() {
 C0     + my_struct::my_struct() {
 C0       - arg1=my_struct_2
 C0       - constructing my_struct
 C0       } // my_struct::my_struct() #2
 C0     } // __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() #2
 C0   } // _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_b_cpp() #1
 C0 + main() {
 C0   + qux() {
 C0     + quux() {
 C0       - return r=2
 C0       } // quux() #1
 C0     + quux() {
 C0       - return r=3
 C0       } // quux() #2
 C0     + quux() {
 C0       - return r=4
 C0       } // quux() #3
 C0     } // qux() #1
 C0   + bar() {
 C0     - a=0
 C0     + baz() {
 C0       - a=1
 C0       - return r=2
 C0       } // baz() #1
 C0     - return r=2
 C0     } // bar() #1
 C0   + cwrap_log_verbosity_set() {
 C0     - verbosity=2, name=bar
 C0     - setting verbosity to 2 (was 1) for function bar()
 C0     } // cwrap_log_verbosity_set() #1
 C0   + baz() {
 C0     - a=2
 C0     - return r=3
 C0     } // baz() #2
 C0   + baz() {
 C0     - a=3
 C0     - return r=4
 C0     } // baz() #3
 C0   - hello world
 C0   + baz() {
 C0     - a=1
 C0     - return r=2
 C0     } // baz() #4
 C0   + int get_max<>() {
 C0     - a=12345, b=67890
 C0     - return r=67890
 C0     } // int get_max<>() #1
 C0   + char get_max<>() {
 C0     - a=43, b=21
 C0     - return r=43
 C0     } // char get_max<>() #1
 C0   + my_struct::my_struct() {
 C0     - arg1=my_struct_2
 C0     - constructing my_struct
 C0     } // my_struct::my_struct() #3
 C0   + Foo::Foo() {
 C0     + my_struct::my_struct() {
 C0       - arg1=my_struct_3, arg2=a
 C0       - constructing my_struct
 C0       } // my_struct::my_struct() #1
 C0     - constructing Foo
 C0     - inside Foo
 C0     } // Foo::Foo() #1
 C0   + Foo::Foo() {
 C0     + my_struct::my_struct() {
 C0       - arg1=my_struct_3, arg2=b
 C0       - constructing my_struct
 C0       } // my_struct::my_struct() #2
 C0     - constructing Foo
 C0     - inside Foo
 C0     } // Foo::Foo() #2
 C0   + Foo::my_public() {
 C0     - a=100
 C0     - hello my_public
 C0     + Foo::my_private() {
 C0       - a=101
 C0       + baz() {
 C0         - a=103
 C0         - return r=104
 C0         } // baz() #5
 C0       - return r=104
 C0       } // Foo::my_private() #1
 C0     - return r=104
 C0     } // Foo::my_public() #1
 C0   + baz() {
 C0     - a=105
 C0     - return r=106
 C0     } // baz() #6
 C0   - return b=106
 C0   + Foo::~Foo() {
 C0     - deconstructing Foo
 C0     - inside ~Foo
 C0     + my_struct::~my_struct() {
 C0       - deconstructing my_struct
 C0       } // my_struct::~my_struct() #1
 C0     } // Foo::~Foo() #1
 C0   + Foo::~Foo() {
 C0     - deconstructing Foo
 C0     - inside ~Foo
 C0     + my_struct::~my_struct() {
 C0       - deconstructing my_struct
 C0       } // my_struct::~my_struct() #2
 C0     } // Foo::~Foo() #2
 C0   + my_struct::~my_struct() {
 C0     - deconstructing my_struct
 C0     } // my_struct::~my_struct() #3
 C0   + clean_up() {
 C0     - my_int=5
 C0     } // clean_up() #1
 C0   } // main() #1
 C0 + bye_baz() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via baz()
 C0   } // bye_baz() #1
 C0 + bye_baz() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via baz()
 C0   } // bye_baz() #2
 C0 + bye_baz() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via baz()
 C0   } // bye_baz() #3
 C0 + bye() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via main()
 C0   } // bye() #1
 C0 + bye_baz() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via baz()
 C0   } // bye_baz() #4
 C0 + bye_baz() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via baz()
 C0   } // bye_baz() #5
 C0 + bye_baz() {
 C0   - called via atexit() via baz()
 C0   } // bye_baz() #6
 C0 + my_struct::~my_struct() {
 C0   - deconstructing my_struct
 C0   } // my_struct::~my_struct() #4
 C0 + my_struct::~my_struct() {
 C0   - deconstructing my_struct
 C0   } // my_struct::~my_struct() #5
 C0 + cwrap_log_stats() {
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_stats() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for main() 
 C0   - 5 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for my_struct::~my_struct() 
 C0   - 2 calls to 2 of 2 function variation for my_struct::my_struct() 
 C0   - 3 calls to 1 of 2 function variation for my_struct::my_struct() 
 C0   - 2 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for Foo::~Foo() 
 C0   - 2 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for Foo::Foo() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for Foo::my_public() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for Foo::my_private() 
 C0   - 3 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for quux() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for qux() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bar() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for clean_up() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for int get_max<>() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for char get_max<>() 
 C0   - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye_baz() 
 C0   - 2 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye() 
 C0   - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for baz() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_b_cpp() 
 C0   - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_a_cpp() 
 C0   - 45 calls to 23 of 23 functions instrumented
 C0   } // cwrap_log_stats() #1
diff --git a/cpp-example-1.via-1-line.mak b/cpp-example-1.via-1-line.mak
 all: cpp-example-1.via-1-line.exe
 	@echo - Makefile: 1 line: Running $<
 	CWRAP_LOG_VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 CWRAP_LOG_STATS=1 ./$< 2>&1 | tee run.log

 cpp-example-1.via-1-line.exe: cpp-example-1.*.cpp cpp-example-1.*.hpp
 	@echo - Makefile: 1 line: Building and linking $@
 	$(CC) $(OPT) -Werror -g -o $@ cpp-example-1.*.cpp -lstdc++
diff --git a/cpp-example-1.via-n-line.mak b/cpp-example-1.via-n-line.mak
 all: cpp-example-1.via-n-line.exe
 	@echo - Makefile: n line: Running $<
 	CWRAP_LOG_VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 CWRAP_LOG_STATS=1 ./$< 2>&1 | tee run.log

 cpp-example-1.a.o: cpp-example-1.a.cpp cpp-example-1.*.hpp
 	@echo - Makefile: n lines: Building $@
 	$(CC) $(OPT) -Werror -g -o $@ -c $<

 cpp-example-1.b.o: cpp-example-1.b.cpp cpp-example-1.*.hpp
 	@echo - Makefile: n lines: Building $@
 	$(CC) $(OPT) -Werror -g -o $@ -c $<

 cpp-example-1.via-n-line.exe: cpp-example-1.a.o cpp-example-1.b.o
 	@echo - Makefile: n lines: Linking $@
 	$(CC) -Werror -g -o $@ $^ -lstdc++

diff --git a/cwrap-test.pl b/cwrap-test.pl
 use strict;
 use Test::More;

 $|++;

 printf qq[- test: strategy: build common source code in all combinations of C / C++, without / with curt / with long cwrap, few / many gcc commands, O0 / 1 / 2 / 3 gcc optimization\n];

 printf qq[- test: wiping folder: build/\n];
 printf qq[  - test: rmdir folder: build/\n] if ($ARGV[0] =~ m~debug~i); `rm -rf build/`;
 printf qq[  - test: mkdir folder: build/\n] if ($ARGV[0] =~ m~debug~i); `mkdir  build/`;

 my $mak_all = "all:";
 my $mak_targets;
 foreach my $pass (1..2) {
    foreach my $number (1..1) {
        foreach my $language (qw(c---example cpp-example)) {
            foreach my $cwrap (qw(exclude----- include-curt include-long)) {
                foreach my $make (qw(via-1-line via-n-line)) {
                    foreach my $opt (qw(O0 O1 O2 O3)) {
                        #next if($opt !~ m~O0~);

                        my $build_folder = sprintf qq[language-%s-%d-cwrap-%s-make-%s-opt-%s], $language, $number, $cwrap, $make, $opt;
                        my $build_path   = sprintf qq[build/%s], $build_folder;

                        if (1 == $pass) {
                            my $cc;
                               $cc = qq[ CC="perl ../../cwrap.pl -DCWRAP_LOG_CURT=1"] if ($cwrap eq 'include-curt');
                               $cc = qq[ CC="perl ../../cwrap.pl -DCWRAP_LOG_CURT=0"] if ($cwrap eq 'include-long');
                            my $build_command = sprintf qq[cd %s ; (time make -f %s-%d.%s.mak OPT="-%s"%s) > build.log 2>&1], $build_folder, $language, $number, $make, $opt, $cc;

                            $mak_all     .= sprintf qq[ %s/run.log], $build_folder;
                            $mak_targets .= sprintf  qq[%s/run.log:\n\t%s\n\n], $build_folder, $build_command;

                            if(not -e $build_path) { printf qq[  - test: mkdir %s\n], $build_path if ($ARGV[0] =~ m~debug~i); `mkdir $build_path`; die qq[ERROR: test: build folder not created!\n] if(not -e $build_path); }

                            printf qq[  - test: copy example source files\n] if ($ARGV[0] =~ m~debug~i); `cp c*example-*.* $build_path/.`;

                            #`echo foo >> $build_path/cpp-example.1.cpp` $build_folder eq 'language-cpp-example-cwrap-include-make-via-n-line-opt-O3'); # cause a build to fail!
                        } # if (1 == $pass)

                        if (2 == $pass) {
                            my $compare_file = sprintf qq[%s-%d.%s.output.txt], $language, $number, $cwrap;
                            my $compare_command = sprintf qq[diff --brief %s %s/run.log], $compare_file, $build_path;
                            printf qq[  - test: running: %s\n], $compare_command if ($ARGV[0] =~ m~debug~i);
                            my $output = `$compare_command 2>&1`;

                            my $success = ($output =~ m~^\s*$~i) ? 1 : 0;
                            if (0 == $success) {
                                my $build_output = `cat $build_path/build.log`;
                                   $build_output =~ s~^(.*)$~> $1~gm;
                                   $build_output =~ s~\s+$~~s;
                                printf qq[%s\n], $build_output;
                                printf qq[- test: diff command failed: %s\n], $compare_command;
                                $output =~ s~^(.*)$~> $1~gm;
                                $output =~ s~\s+$~~s;
                                printf qq[%s\n], $output;
                            }
                            ok($success, "test: " . $build_path);
                            exit(1) if (0 == $success);
                        } # if (2 == $pass)
                    } # foreach my $opt
                } # foreach my $make
            } # foreach my $cwrap
        } # foreach my $language
    } # foreach my $number
    if (1 == $pass) {
        my $mak_file = sprintf qq[build/makefile];
        open(MAK, '>', $mak_file) || die sprintf qq[ERROR: test: cannot open file for writing: %s; $!\n], $mak_file;
        printf MAK qq[%s\n\n], $mak_all;
        printf MAK qq[%s\n\n], $mak_targets;
        close MAK;

        my $make_command = sprintf qq[cd build ; make -j 2>&1];
        printf qq[- test: running: %s\n], $make_command;
        my $output = `$make_command`;
           $output =~ s~^(.*)$~> $1~gm;
           $output =~ s~\s+$~~s;
        printf qq[%s\n], $output;
    }
 } # foreach my $pass

 my $check_rbp_command = sprintf qq[find build/ -type f | sort | egrep "\.a.s.2.s" | xargs egrep "movq.*cwrap_data_" | egrep -v rdi];
 printf qq[  - test: running: %s\n], $check_rbp_command if ($ARGV[0] =~ m~debug~i);
 my $output = `$check_rbp_command 2>&1`;
 my $success = ($output =~ m~, \%rbp~i) ? 1 : 0; # e.g. leaq cwrap_data_bar(%rip), %rbp
 ok($success, "test: as expected, at least one build has 'movq cwrap_data_.*, \%rxx' where rxx is not rdi");

 require "./cwrap.pl";
 my $expected = q[(&std::forward<>()) [9]]                                                                                                                 ; compress_demangled_name(q[char const (&std::forward<char const (&) [9]>(std::remove_reference<char const (&) [9]>::type&)) [9]], $expected);
 my $expected = q[caf::data_processor<>::apply()::{unnamed-type}::operator()]                                                                              ; compress_demangled_name(q[caf::data_processor<caf::serializer>::apply(bool&)::{unnamed type#1}::operator()(unsigned char&, bool&) const], $expected);
 my $expected = q[(*std::_Any_data::_M_access<>())]                                                                                                        ; compress_demangled_name(q[void (* const&std::_Any_data::_M_access<void (*)(caf::scheduled_actor*, caf::error&)>() const)(caf::scheduled_actor*, caf::error&)], $expected);
 my $expected = q[delete_each<>]                                                                                                                           ; compress_demangled_name(q[void delete_each<std::vector<BroSubstring*, std::allocator<BroSubstring*> > >(std::vector<BroSubstring*, std::allocator<BroSubstring*> >*)], $expected);
 my $expected = q[caf::detail::tuple_inspect_delegate<>]                                                                                                   ; compress_demangled_name(q[decltype ({parm#2}((get<0ul>)({parm#1}))) caf::detail::tuple_inspect_delegate<3ul, 0ul, std::tuple<caf::actor>, caf::deserializer>(std::tuple<caf::actor>&, caf::deserializer&)], $expected);
 my $expected = q[(&std::forward<>())]                                                                                                                     ; compress_demangled_name(q[void (&std::forward<void (&)(caf::scheduled_actor*, caf::error&)>(std::remove_reference<void (&)(caf::scheduled_actor*, caf::error&)>::type&))(caf::scheduled_actor*, caf::error&)], $expected);
 my $expected = q[caf::(anonymous-namespace)::fill_builtins]                                                                                               ; compress_demangled_name(q[caf::(anonymous namespace)::fill_builtins(std::array<std::pair<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::function<std::unique_ptr<caf::type_erased_value, std::default_delete<caf::type_erased_value> > ()> >, 43ul>&, caf::detail::type_list<>, unsigned long)], $expected);
 my $expected = q[broker::core_actor()::{lambda()}::operator()()::{lambda()}::operator()]                                                                  ; compress_demangled_name(q[broker::core_actor(caf::stateful_actor<broker::core_state, caf::event_based_actor>*, std::vector<broker::topic, std::allocator<broker::topic> >, broker::broker_options, broker::endpoint::clock*)::{lambda(caf::stream<broker::node_message> const&, std::vector<broker::topic, std::allocator<broker::topic> >&, caf::actor&)#8}::operator()(caf::stream<broker::node_message> const&, std::vector<broker::topic, std::allocator<broker::topic> >&, caf::actor&) const::{lambda()#1}::operator()() const], $expected);
 my $expected = q[broker::detail::network_cache::fetch<>()::{lambda()}::~fetch]                                                                            ; compress_demangled_name(q[broker::detail::network_cache::fetch<broker::core_state::emit_peer_added_status(caf::actor, char const*)::{lambda(broker::network_info)#2}, broker::core_state::emit_peer_added_status(caf::actor, char const*)::{lambda(caf::error)#3}>(caf::actor const&, broker::core_state::emit_peer_added_status(caf::actor, char const*)::{lambda(broker::network_info)#2}, broker::core_state::emit_peer_added_status(caf::actor, char const*)::{lambda(caf::error)#3})::{lambda(broker::core_state::emit_peer_added_status(caf::actor, char const*)::{lambda(broker::network_info)#2}&)#2}::~fetch()], $expected);
 my $expected = q[std::transform<>]                                                                                                                        ; compress_demangled_name(q[__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > std::transform<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, int (*)(int) noexcept>(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<char*, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, int (*)(int) noexcept)], $expected);
 my $expected = q[std::caf::default_sum_type_access<>::get<>]                                                                                              ; compress_demangled_name(q[std::vector<broker::data, std::allocator<broker::data> >& caf::default_sum_type_access<caf::variant<broker::none, bool, unsigned long, long, double, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, broker::address, broker::subnet, broker::port, std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::_V2::system_clock, std::chrono::duration<long, std::ratio<1l, 1000000000l> > >, std::chrono::duration<long, std::ratio<1l, 1000000000l> >, broker::enum_value, std::set<broker::data, std::less<broker::data>, std::allocator<broker::data> >, std::map<broker::data, broker::data, std::less<broker::data>, std::allocator<std::pair<broker::data const, broker::data> > >, std::vector<broker::data, std::allocator<broker::data> > > >::get<std::vector<broker::data, std::allocator<broker::data> >, 14>(caf::variant<broker::none, bool, unsigned long, long, double, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, broker::address, broker::subnet, broker::port, std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::_V2::system_clock, std::chrono::duration<long, std::ratio<1l, 1000000000l> > >, std::chrono::duration<long, std::ratio<1l, 1000000000l> >, broker::enum_value, std::set<broker::data, std::less<broker::data>, std::allocator<broker::data> >, std::map<broker::data, broker::data, std::less<broker::data>, std::allocator<std::pair<broker::data const, broker::data> > >, std::vector<broker::data, std::allocator<broker::data> > >&, caf::sum_type_token<std::vector<broker::data, std::allocator<broker::data> >, 14>)], $expected);
 my $expected = q[std::forward_as_tuple<>]                                                                                                                 ; compress_demangled_name(q[std::tuple<broker::store::request<broker::data, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data>(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data&&, broker::data&&) const::{lambda(broker::data&)#1}&&, broker::store::request<broker::data, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data>(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data&&, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data&&, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data&&) const::{lambda(caf::error&)#2}&&> std::forward_as_tuple<broker::store::request<broker::data, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data>(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data&&, broker::data&&) const::{lambda(broker::data&)#1}, broker::store::request<broker::data, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data>(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data&&, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data&&, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data&&) const::{lambda(caf::error&)#2}>(broker::store::request<broker::data, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data>(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data&&, broker::data&&) const::{lambda(broker::data&)#1}, broker::store::request<broker::data, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data>(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data&&, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data&&, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129> const&, broker::data, broker::data&&) const::{lambda(caf::error&)#2})], $expected);
 my $expected = q[caf::io::middleman::remote_group()::{lambda()}::operator()()::{lambda()}::operator()()::{lambda()}::operator()()::{lambda()}::operator()]; compress_demangled_name(q[caf::io::middleman::remote_group(std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > const&, unsigned short)::{lambda(caf::event_based_actor*, caf::typed_actor<caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)69675774307885>, unsigned short, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::actor_control_block>, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool>, caf::output_tuple<unsigned short> >, caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)265509555>, unsigned short, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool>, caf::output_tuple<unsigned short> >, caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)68776180492857>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, unsigned short>, caf::output_tuple<caf::node_id, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::actor_control_block>, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > > >, caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)286769531740155437>, caf::actor_addr, unsigned short>, caf::output_tuple<void> >, caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)16790277674>, unsigned short>, caf::output_tuple<void> >, caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)17059704627>, caf::node_id, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, caf::message, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >, caf::output_tuple<caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::actor_control_block> > >, caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129>, caf::node_id>, caf::output_tuple<caf::node_id, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, unsigned short> > >)#1}::operator()(caf::event_based_actor*, caf::typed_actor<caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)69675774307885>, unsigned short, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::actor_control_block>, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > >, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool>, caf::output_tuple<unsigned short> >, caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)265509555>, unsigned short, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, bool>, caf::output_tuple<unsigned short> >, caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)68776180492857>, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, unsigned short>, caf::output_tuple<caf::node_id, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::actor_control_block>, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > > >, caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)286769531740155437>, caf::actor_addr, unsigned short>, caf::output_tuple<void> >, caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)16790277674>, unsigned short>, caf::output_tuple<void> >, caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)17059704627>, caf::node_id, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, caf::message, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > >, caf::output_tuple<caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::actor_control_block> > >, caf::typed_mpi<caf::detail::type_list<caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129>, caf::node_id>, caf::output_tuple<caf::node_id, std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, unsigned short> > >) const::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129>)#1}::operator()(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129>) const::{lambda(caf::node_id const&, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::actor_control_block>&, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&)#1}::operator()({lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129>)#1}, caf::node_id const, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::actor_control_block>&)::{lambda(caf::group&)#1}::operator()({lambda(caf::node_id const&, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::actor_control_block>&, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > >, std::allocator<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> > > > const&)#1})], $expected);
 my $expected = q[std::_Tuple_impl<>::_Tuple_impl<>]                                                                                                       ; compress_demangled_name(q[std::_Tuple_impl<6ul, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::connection_handle)#8}>, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::io::acceptor_closed_msg const&)#9}>, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::accept_handle)#10}>, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)69675774307885>, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::io::doorman>&, unsigned short, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::accept_handle)#10}<caf::actor_control_block> const&, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::char_traits>, std::allocator<std::char_traits> >&)#11}>, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda({lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::accept_handle)#10}, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::accept_handle)#10}<caf::io::scribe>&, unsigned short, caf::actor_control_block, std::less<std::char_traits>)#12}>, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)68776180492857>, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)69675774307885>, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::io::doorman>&, unsigned short, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::accept_handle)#10}<caf::actor_control_block> const&, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::char_traits>, std::allocator<std::char_traits> >&)#11}, unsigned short)#13}>, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::node_id const&, unsigned long)#14}>, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)68776180492857>, unsigned long, caf::error&)#15}>, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)286769531740155437>, caf::actor_addr const&, unsigned short)#16}>, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)16790277674>, unsigned short)#17}>, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)4115129>, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)68776180492857>)#18}>, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)266791472>, unsigned long)#19}> >::_Tuple_impl<{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::connection_handle)#8}, caf::io::acceptor_closed_msg const&, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::io::acceptor_closed_msg const&)#9}>, std::allocator<std::char_traits>, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)69675774307885>, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::io::doorman>&, unsigned short, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::accept_handle)#10}<caf::actor_control_block> const&, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::char_traits>, std::allocator<std::char_traits> >&)#11}>, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::accept_handle)#10}<caf::io::scribe>&, {lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)68776180492857>, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)69675774307885>, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::io::doorman>&, unsigned short, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::accept_handle)#10}<caf::actor_control_block> const&, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::char_traits>, std::allocator<std::char_traits> >&)#11}, unsigned short)#13}, caf::node_id const, caf::error&, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)68776180492857>, unsigned long, caf::error&)#15}>, caf::actor_addr const, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)286769531740155437>, caf::actor_addr const&, unsigned short)#16}, void>({lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::connection_handle)#8}&&, caf::io::acceptor_closed_msg const&, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::io::acceptor_closed_msg const&)#9}>&&, std::allocator<std::char_traits>&&, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)69675774307885>, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::io::doorman>&, unsigned short, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::accept_handle)#10}<caf::actor_control_block> const&, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::char_traits>, std::allocator<std::char_traits> >&)#11}>&&, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::accept_handle)#10}<caf::io::scribe>&, {lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)68776180492857>, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)69675774307885>, caf::intrusive_ptr<caf::io::doorman>&, unsigned short, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::io::accept_handle)#10}<caf::actor_control_block> const&, std::set<std::__cxx11::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >, std::less<std::char_traits>, std::allocator<std::char_traits> >&)#11}, unsigned short)#13}&&, caf::node_id const&&, caf::error&, caf::trivial_match_case<caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)1075533229674>, caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)68776180492857>, unsigned long, caf::error&)#15}>&&, caf::actor_addr const&&, caf::io::basp_broker::make_behavior()::{lambda(caf::atom_constant<(caf::atom_value)286769531740155437>, caf::actor_addr const&, unsigned short)#16}&&)], $expected);

 done_testing();

diff --git a/cwrap.pl b/cwrap.pl
 #!/usr/bin/perl

 # Copyright (c) 2012 Simon Hardy-Francis.
 #
 # Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
 # of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
 # in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
 # to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
 # copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
 # furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 #
 # The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
 # all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 #
 # THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 # IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
 # AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 # LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
 # OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
 # THE SOFTWARE.

 use strict;
 use Cwd;
 use Time::HiRes;
 use List::MoreUtils qw(first_index indexes);
 use File::Basename; # for fileparse()
 use FFI::Platypus::Lang::CPP::Demangle::XS;
 use Test::More;

 if ($0 =~ m~test~) {
    # come here if required by cwrap-test.pl
    goto ONLY_REQUIRED_FOR_SUBS;
 }

 $| ++;

 my $log;
 my $cwd = getcwd;
 my $ts  = Time::HiRes::time();

 my $arguments = "";
 for ( my $c = 0; $c < @ARGV; $c++ ) {
   my $tmp        =  $ARGV[$c];
      $tmp        =~ s~"~\\"~g;
      $arguments .= ' ' . $tmp;
 }
 $arguments =~ s~^\s+~~; # e.g. gcc -O0 -g -o c---example.via-1-line.exe c---example.1.c c---example.2.c

 if ($arguments =~ m~\.(cc|cpp|cxx|hpp|hxx)~) { $arguments = "g++ " . $arguments; }
 else                                         { $arguments = "gcc " . $arguments; }

 my ($gcc_out_file) = $arguments =~ m~-o\s+([^\s]+)~;
 my ($gcc_out_path,
    $gcc_out_name,
    $gcc_out_ext ) = get_path_name_and_ext($gcc_out_file) if (defined $gcc_out_file);

 $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: timestamp   : %s AKA %f\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, scalar localtime, Time::HiRes::time();
 $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: arguments   : %s\n]       , Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $arguments;
 $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: cwd         : %s\n]       , Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $cwd;
 $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: gcc_out_file: %s\n]       , Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $gcc_out_file;
 $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: gcc_out_path: %s\n]       , Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $gcc_out_path;
 $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: gcc_out_name: %s\n]       , Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $gcc_out_name;
 $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: gcc_out_ext : %s\n]       , Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $gcc_out_ext ;

 my $cwrap_c = sprintf "%s.cwrap.c", $gcc_out_name; # generate one unique .cwrap.c file per binary output

 if ($cwd =~ m~(/CMakeFiles/CMakeTmp|/CMakeFiles/.*/CompilerIdC)~) {
    # come here to compile cmake test programs without modifying the gcc command line
    my $gcc = $arguments;
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: unchanged: running: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $gcc;
    my $output = `$gcc 2>&1`;
    my $exit_code = $? >> 8; # perldoc perlvar: the exit value of the subprocess is really ("$? >> 8")
    my $output_2_log = $output;
       $output_2_log = "<no output>\n" if ($output =~ m~^\s*$~s);
       $output_2_log .= sprintf "<exit(%d)>\n", $exit_code if ($output =~ m~^\s*$~s);
       $output_2_log =~ s~^(.*)$~> $1~gm;
    $log .= $output_2_log;
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: done with exit(%d)\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $exit_code;
    printf qq[%s], $output;
    exit($exit_code);
 }

 cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: cwrap cannot detect gcc -o command line option in arguments!\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts) if ($gcc_out_file =~ m~^$~);

 my @argument_array = split(m~\s+~, $arguments);
 my @source_file_arguments;
 foreach my $argument (@argument_array) {
    if ($argument =~ m~\.(cpp|cxx|cc|hpp|hxx|h|c)$~) {
        push @source_file_arguments, $argument;
    }
 }

 my @exe_file_arguments;
 if ($gcc_out_file !~ m~\.o$~) {
    push @exe_file_arguments, $gcc_out_file;
 }

 $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: source file arguments: %d (@source_file_arguments)\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, scalar @source_file_arguments;
 $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: exe    file arguments: %d (@exe_file_arguments)\n]   , Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, scalar @exe_file_arguments;

 if (scalar @source_file_arguments > 0) {
    source_to_assembler_to_object_or_executable();
 }

 if ($gcc_out_ext =~ m~\.o~) {
    #$log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: gcc arguments create object\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
 }
 else {
    if (0 == scalar @source_file_arguments) {
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: gcc arguments create executable\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        my $gcc_4_exe = $arguments;
        assembler_to_object_or_executable_via_command($gcc_4_exe);
    }
 }



 sub END {
    # come here when Perl exits to write log file
    if ($gcc_out_name !~ m~^\s*$~) {
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: figure out building with ninja instead of make\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: integrate home-grown, non-assembler corountines with cwrap\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: integrate third party, assembler coroutines with cwrap via generic API\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: mechanism to exclude arbitrary functions from instrumentation at compile time\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: logging to memory buffer to file\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: logging to memory buffer and only to file at exit\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: options to auto switch off function instrumentation if calls become too high at run-time\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: multi-threaded has been neglected up until now; finish off\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: try out cwrap with other open source C/C++ code bases\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: auto detect if trying to build without gcc and abort\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: implement cwrap for gcc for ARM\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: consider cloning __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ in gcc, to implement __MANGLED_FUNCTION__\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: consider building if(verbosity){..} mechanism into gcc -finstrument-functions option\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: consider adding performance option to replace if(verbosity){..} mechanism with jump switch\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: consider adding HTML run-time interface for easier browsing of run-time call-tree\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: consider keeping run-time performance stats\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: consider colored output to stdout\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: consider extra cwrap_log_init() functionality such as dump instrumentation info\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: add more scenarios to cwrap test, e.g. static and shared libraries\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: todo: do not remove -flto if file being ignored\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: done in %f seconds\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        my $log_file = sprintf "%s.cwrap.log", $gcc_out_name;
        open(my $out, '>', $log_file) || cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%s ERROR: cwrap: cannot open file for writing: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $log_file);
        syswrite($out, $log, length($log));
        close $out;
    }
 }

 sub cwrap_die {
    my ($format) = shift @_;
    my $die_message = sprintf $format, @_;
    $log .= $die_message;
    die $die_message;
 }

 sub source_to_assembler_to_object_or_executable {
    my ($o_file)  =  $arguments =~ m~-o ([^\s]+)~;
    my  $gcc_2_s  =  $arguments;
        $gcc_2_s  =~ s~-o [^\s]+~-S -fPIC~; # fPIC needed if objects put into shared object?
        $gcc_2_s .=  qq[ -finstrument-functions -I. --include cwrap.h];
    create_cwrap_h() if (not -e 'cwrap.h');
    if ($gcc_2_s =~ s~\s+-flto(\s+)~$1~g) { # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29972192/how-does-gccs-linktime-optimisation-flto-flag-work
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: c/cpp to assembler: note:: removed any -flto instances otherwise assembler output optimized\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
    }
       $log          .=  sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: c/cpp to assembler: running: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $gcc_2_s;
    my $t1            =  Time::HiRes::time();
    my $output        =  `$gcc_2_s 2>&1`;
    my $t2            =  Time::HiRes::time();
    my $exit_code     =  $? >> 8; # perldoc perlvar: the exit value of the subprocess is really ("$? >> 8")
    my $output_2_log  =  $output;
       $output_2_log  =  "<no output>\n" if ($output =~ m~^\s*$~s);
       $output_2_log .=  sprintf "<exit(%d)> in %f seconds building assembler for %s\n", $exit_code, $t2 - $t1, $o_file;
       $output_2_log  =~ s~^(.*)$~> $1~gm;
       $log          .=  $output_2_log;
    if ($exit_code != 0) {
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f ERROR: cwrap: compilation to assembler has unexpected errors\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: done with exit(%d)\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $exit_code;
        printf qq[%s], $output;
        exit($exit_code);
    }

    $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: munging assembler files\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
    foreach my $source_file_argument (@source_file_arguments) {
        my ($path, $name, $exit) = get_path_name_and_ext($source_file_argument);
        my $s_file = $cwd . '/' . $name . '.s';

        read_modify_rewrite_assembler_file($s_file);
    } # foreach my $source_file_argument

    my $gcc_4_s = $arguments;
    foreach my $source_file_argument (@source_file_arguments) {
        my ($path, $name, $exit) = get_path_name_and_ext($source_file_argument);
        my $s_file = $cwd . '/' . $name . '.s';
        $gcc_4_s =~ s~$source_file_argument~$s_file.2.s~;
    } # foreach my $source_file_argument
    assembler_to_object_or_executable_via_command($gcc_4_s);
 } # source_to_assembler_to_object_or_executable()

 sub assembler_to_object_or_executable_via_command {
    my ($gcc_command) = @_;
    my ($o_file     )  =  $gcc_command =~ m~-o ([^\s]+)~;
    my  $output;
    my  $output_2_log;
    if ((0 == scalar @exe_file_arguments)    # if no undefined cwrap_data_* because assembling to object files, or
    ||  ($gcc_command =~ m~\-shared~    )) { # if no undefined cwrap_data_* because creating a shared object
        # come here if gxx operation results in no undefined cwrap_data_*
           $log          .=  sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: no undefined cwrap_data_*: running: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $gcc_command;
        my $t1            = Time::HiRes::time();
           $output        =  `$gcc_command 2>&1`;
        my $t2            = Time::HiRes::time();
        my $exit_code     =  $? >> 8; # perldoc perlvar: the exit value of the subprocess is really ("$? >> 8")
           $output_2_log  =  $output;
           $output_2_log  =  "<no output>\n" if ($output =~ m~^\s*$~s);
           $output_2_log .=  sprintf "<exit(%d)> in %f seconds building object or shared object for %s\n", $exit_code, $t2 - $t1, $o_file;
           $output_2_log  =~ s~^(.*)$~> $1~gm;
    }
    else {
        # come here if linking object files into a binary causing undefined cwrap_data_*
        my $output_type;
        if (scalar @source_file_arguments > 0) { # if compiling to binary directly from source files
            $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: object to binary #1: running via gxx (because source files detected): %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $gcc_command;
            $output = `$gcc_command 2>&1`;
            $output_type = 'gxx';
        }
        else {
            # use nm instead of gcc/g++ because nm takes about 0.07 seconds instead of over 75 seconds for gcc/g++ !!!
            $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: constructing two nm commands from gcc command\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
            # Why two nm commands? Because second one uses --dynamic option:
            # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/54052534/why-nm-libc-so-reports-no-symbols
            # https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15345543/when-to-use-dynamic-option-in-nm
            undef $output;
            foreach my $nm_command_number (1..2) {
                my $nm_command  = qq[nm --print-file-name --no-sort --undefined-only];
                   $nm_command .= qq[ --dynamic] if (2 == $nm_command_number);
                my @gcc_command_parts = split(m~\s+~, $gcc_command);
                foreach my $gcc_command_part (@gcc_command_parts) {
                    if (($gcc_command_part =~ m~^\-~                )    # e.g. -Wl,-soname,libcaf_core.so.0.17.3
                    ||  ($gcc_command_part !~ m~\.(o|a|so[\.0-9]*)$~)) { # e.g. logging/writers/sqlite/CMakeFiles/plugin-Zeek-SQLiteWriter.dir/sqlite.bif.init.cc.o ../aux/paraglob/src/ahocorasick/libahocorasick.a ../aux/broker/lib/./libcaf_openssl.so ../aux/broker/lib/libbroker.so.1.2
                        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: discarding gcc command  line option: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $gcc_command_part;
                    }
                    else {
                        $nm_command .= ' ' . $gcc_command_part;
                    }
                }
                $nm_command .= qq[ 2>&1 | egrep cwrap_data_];
                $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: object to binary #1: running via nm #%d (because no source files detected and nm faster than gxx): %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $nm_command_number, $nm_command;
                $output .= `$nm_command 2>&1`;
            }
            $output_type = 'nm';
        }

        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: using undefines from %s; auto generating: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $output_type, $cwrap_c;
        using_undefind_error_write_cwrap_c($output, $output_type);

        # see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_%28linker%29
           $gcc_command  .= sprintf qq[ -fPIC %s -Wl,--undefined,cwrap_log_init -fuse-ld=gold], $cwrap_c;
           $log          .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: object to binary #2: running: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $gcc_command;
        my $t1            = Time::HiRes::time();
           $output        = `$gcc_command 2>&1`;
        my $t2            = Time::HiRes::time();
        my $exit_code     =  $? >> 8; # perldoc perlvar: the exit value of the subprocess is really ("$? >> 8")
           $output_2_log  =  $output;
           $output_2_log  =  "<no output>\n" if ($output =~ m~^\s*$~s);
           $output_2_log .=  sprintf "<exit(%d)> in %f seconds building binary for %s\n", $exit_code, $t2 - $t1, $o_file;
           $output_2_log  =~ s~^(.*)$~> $1~gm;
        if ($exit_code != 0) {
            $log .= $output_2_log;
            $log .= sprintf qq[%f ERROR: cwrap: compilation to object or executable has unexpected errors\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
            $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: done with exit(%d)\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $exit_code;
            printf qq[%s], $output;
            exit($exit_code);
        }
    }
    $log .= $output_2_log;
    printf qq[%s], $output;
 } # assembler_to_object_or_executable_via_command()

 sub get_path_name_and_ext {
   my ($path_name_ext) = @_;
   #debug $log .= sprintf qq[debug: (?, ?, ?)=fileparse(%s)\n], $path_name_ext;
   my ($f, $path, $s)  = fileparse($path_name_ext, "", qr/\.[^.]*/); # suffix maybe nothing or .something
       $path           = '' if ($path eq './');
   my  $name           =  $f                    ; # e.g. 'connection'   in    'connection.o'
   my  $ext            =  $s                    ; # e.g.           '.o' in    'connection.o'
   #debug $log .= sprintf qq[debug: ($f, $d, $s)=fileparse(%s) // %s=path %s=name %s=ext\n], $path_name_ext, $folder, $name, $ext;
   return ($path, $name, $ext);
 } # get_path_name_and_ext()

 sub pretty_asm {
    my ($asm_line) = @_;
        $asm_line =~ s~\t~ ~gs;
        $asm_line =~ s~^\s+~~s;
        $asm_line =~ s~\s+$~~s;
    return $asm_line;
 }

 sub demangle_name {
    my ( $mangled_name) = @_;
    my $demangled_name;
    if ( $mangled_name =~ m~^_Z~) {
        # first try with Perl inline demangler which only seems to work on 99%+ mangled names, but it's fast :-)
        $demangled_name = FFI::Platypus::Lang::CPP::Demangle::XS::demangle($mangled_name) if($mangled_name =~ m~^_Z~); # faster and more scalable than c++filt or llvm-cppfilt
        goto GOT_DEMANGLED_NAME if (($mangled_name ne $demangled_name) && (length($demangled_name) > 0));

        # try with c++filt which has the command line option --no-recursion-limit:
        my $cxx_filt_command = sprintf qq[c++filt --no-recursion-limit %s], $mangled_name;
        $demangled_name = `$cxx_filt_command`;
        chomp $demangled_name;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: ran %s giving %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $cxx_filt_command, $demangled_name;
        goto GOT_DEMANGLED_NAME if (($mangled_name ne $demangled_name) && (length($demangled_name) > 0));

        # try with llvm-cxxfilt which seems a little more reliable and consistent than c++filt from gcc:
        my $llvm_cxx_filt_command = sprintf qq[llvm-cxxfilt %s], $mangled_name;
        $demangled_name = `$llvm_cxx_filt_command`;
        chomp $demangled_name;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: ran %s giving %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $llvm_cxx_filt_command, $demangled_name;
        goto GOT_DEMANGLED_NAME if (($mangled_name ne $demangled_name) && (length($demangled_name) > 0));

        # own KISS demangling... obviously this is not good... why can CXX simply not demangle properly?!
        my ($len, $rest);
        $rest = $mangled_name;
        $rest =~ s~^[^\d]+~~;
        my @name_parts;
        push @name_parts, 'CWRAP_DEMANGLE_FAIL';
        while ($rest =~ m~^(\d+)(.*)$~) {
            ($len, $rest) = ($1, $2);
            my $name_part = substr($rest, 0, $len);
            push @name_parts, $name_part;
            #debug printf qq[- %d bytes: %s in %s\n\n], $len, $name_part, $rest;
            substr($rest, 0, $len) = '';
        }
        $demangled_name = join('::', @name_parts);
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f WARNING: internal: failed to demangle name using c++filt or llvm-cxxfilt: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $mangled_name;

        GOT_DEMANGLED_NAME:;
        $demangled_name =~ s~char const~const char~g;
    }
    else {
        $demangled_name = $mangled_name;
    }
    cwrap_die sprintf qq[%f ERROR: internal: unexpected zero length demangled name from mangled name: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $mangled_name if (0 == length($demangled_name));
    return $demangled_name;
 }
 sub read_modify_rewrite_assembler_file {
    my ($s_file) = @_;

    cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: internal: cwrap: expected assembler file does not exist: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $s_file) if (not -e $s_file);

    my $s_file_line  = `cat $s_file`;
    my @s_file_lines = split(m~\n~, $s_file_line);
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: assembler file: name : < %s <-- %d lines\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $s_file, scalar @s_file_lines;

    my $debug_search = 0;

    #
    # 1. search for __cyg_profile_func_(enter|exit)
    # 2. work backwards to the correct leaq <unique mangled function name> and replace with leaq cwrap_data_<unique mangled function name>
    #

    #    leaq	main(%rip), %rdi
    #    leaq	inc_a(%rip), %rbp
    # ...
    #    call	__cyg_profile_func_enter@PLT
    # ...
    #    movq	%rbp, %rdi
    #    call	__cyg_profile_func_enter@PLT <-- inline function #1 enter via rbp
    # ...
    #    movq	%rbp, %rdi
    #    call	__cyg_profile_func_exit@PLT <-- inline function #1 leave via rbp
    # ...
    #    leaq	inc_b(%rip), %rdi
    #    call	__cyg_profile_func_enter@PLT <-- inline function #2 enter
    # ...
    #    leaq	inc_b(%rip), %rdi
    #    call	__cyg_profile_func_exit@PLT <-- inline function #2 enter
    # ...
    #    leaq	main(%rip), %rdi
    #    call	__cyg_profile_func_exit@PLT

    #    movq	_ZN6binpac9ExceptionC2EPKc@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rax
    #    movq	%rax, %rdi
    #    call	__cyg_profile_func_enter@PLT

    my $t1 = Time::HiRes::time();
    my @s_file_line_index = indexes { m~(call|jmp)\s+__cyg_profile_func_(enter|exit)~ } @s_file_lines; # (call|jmp) __cyg_profile_func_exit
    my $t2 = Time::HiRes::time();
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: found __cyg_profile_func_(enter|exit}() calls: %d in %fs\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, scalar @s_file_line_index, $t2 - $t1;

    my $enable_munge_cyg_profile_func = 1;
    if (0) {
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: NOTE: disabling munging __cyg_profile_func_(enter|exit}() calls\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts;
        $enable_munge_cyg_profile_func = 0;
    }

    my $h_labels_to_rewrite;
    my $h_mangled_2_demangled;
    my $h_demangled_2_mangled;
    foreach my $i (@s_file_line_index) {
        my ($type) = $s_file_lines[$i -0] =~ m~__cyg_profile_func_(enter|exit)~;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: starting at line %d: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $i, pretty_asm($s_file_lines[$i -0]) if($debug_search);
        cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: cwrap: cannot determine enter or exit type!\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts) if (not defined $type);
        my $instruction;
        my $mangled_name;
        my $mangled_name_line;
        my $mangled_name_rest;
        my $register = "\%rdi"; # rdi is Linux calling convention parameter #1; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_calling_conventions#System_V_AMD64_ABI
        my $lines_back = 1;
        do {
            if ($s_file_lines[$i -$lines_back] =~ m~(leaq|movq)\s+cwrap_data_([_A-Za-z0-9\.]+)(.*),.*$register~) {
                $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: found %s at %d lines back: %s <-- already instrumented!\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $register, $lines_back, pretty_asm($s_file_lines[$i -$lines_back]) if($debug_search);
                $instruction       = $1;
                $mangled_name      = $2; # e.g. leaq _ZN3FooD2Ev(%rip), %rdi
                $mangled_name_rest = $3;
                $mangled_name_line = -1;
                goto FOUND_LEAQ;
            }
            elsif ($s_file_lines[$i -$lines_back] =~ m~(leaq|movq)\s+([_A-Za-z0-9\.]+)(.*),.*$register~) {
                $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: found %s at %d lines back: %s <-- instrumenting\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $register, $lines_back, pretty_asm($s_file_lines[$i -$lines_back]) if($debug_search);
                $instruction       = $1;
                $mangled_name      = $2; # e.g. leaq _ZN3FooD2Ev(%rip), %rdi
                $mangled_name_rest = $3;
                $mangled_name_line = $i - $lines_back;
                goto FOUND_LEAQ;
            }
            elsif ($s_file_lines[$i -$lines_back] =~ m~movq\s+(\%[_A-Za-z0-9\.]+).*,.*$register~) { # movq %rbp, %rdi
                $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: found %s at %d lines back: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $register, $lines_back, pretty_asm($s_file_lines[$i -$lines_back]) if($debug_search);
                $register = $1;
            }
            elsif ($s_file_lines[$i -$lines_back] =~ m~^([^\.][_A-Za-z0-9\.]+):\s*$~) { # _Z41__static_initialization_and_destruction_0ii.cold
                $mangled_name      =  $1;
                $mangled_name      =~ s~\.cold$~~;
                $mangled_name_line = undef; # do not rewrite labels!
                $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: found label %d lines back: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $lines_back, pretty_asm($s_file_lines[$i -$lines_back]) if($debug_search);
                goto FOUND_LEAQ;
            }

            $lines_back ++;
        } while ($lines_back < $i);
        cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: internal: cwrap: cannot find leaq/movq instruction in assembler file before line %d!\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, 1 + $i);

        FOUND_LEAQ:;

        my $note;
        if ($mangled_name =~ m~\.~) {
            # note: unbelievably, some labels can have dots in them, e.g.: _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1.b.cpp <-- bug in gcc ?
            my $mangled_name_with_dot = $mangled_name;
            my $mangled_name_no___dot = $mangled_name;
               $mangled_name_no___dot =~ s~\.~_~g;
            $h_labels_to_rewrite->{$mangled_name_with_dot} = $mangled_name_no___dot;
            $note = " (converted dots to underscores)";
        }

        if (not exists $h_mangled_2_demangled->{$mangled_name}) {
            my $demangled_name = demangle_name($mangled_name);
            $h_mangled_2_demangled->{$mangled_name  } = $demangled_name;
            $h_demangled_2_mangled->{$demangled_name} =   $mangled_name;
        }

        my $fpic;
        my $fpic_note;
        if ($mangled_name_rest !~ m~GOTPCREL~i) {
            $fpic      = '@GOTPCREL';
            $fpic_note = ' (append GOTPCREL)';
        }
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: line %d: %-5s %s AKA %s demangled%s%s%s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $i, $type, $mangled_name, $h_mangled_2_demangled->{$mangled_name}, ($mangled_name_line >= 0) ? "" : " (via $register register!)", $note, $fpic_note;
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap:\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts if($debug_search);
        if ($mangled_name_line >= 0) {
            if ($enable_munge_cyg_profile_func) {
                if    ($instruction eq 'leaq') { $s_file_lines[$mangled_name_line] =~ s~leaq(\s+)($mangled_name)~movq$1cwrap_data_$2$fpic~; }
                elsif ($instruction eq 'movq') { $s_file_lines[$mangled_name_line] =~ s~movq(\s+)($mangled_name)~movq$1cwrap_data_$2$fpic~; }
                else {
                    # come here if e.g. no leaq / movq but instead .cold label found? so do nothing...
                }
            }
        }

        # use edx below because call __cyg_profile_func_(enter|exit) only uses 2 parameters, RDI & RSI, therefore use 3rd parameter RDX for comparison; see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X86_calling_conventions#System_V_AMD64_ABI
        my $skip_label = sprintf qq[.L_cwrap_skip_%s_%d], "cyg_profile_func", $i;
        my $save_call = $s_file_lines[$i];
        # todo: consider eliminating cwrap_log_verbosity and just testing cwrap_data_$mangled_name as zero or non-zero? faster?
        # non -fPIC code: movl	cwrap_data_$mangled_name(%rip), %edx
        # non -fPIC code: cmpl	cwrap_log_verbosity(%rip), %edx
        # non -fPIC code: jg	$skip_label
        $s_file_lines[$i] = <<EOF;

    movq	cwrap_log_verbosity\@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rax
    movl	(%rax), %edx
    movq	cwrap_data_$mangled_name\@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rax
    movl	(%rax), %eax
    cmpl	%eax, %edx
    jl	$skip_label
 EOF
        $s_file_lines[$i] .= sprintf qq[%s\n], $save_call; # original call to __cyg_profile_func_(enter|exit)
        $s_file_lines[$i] .= sprintf qq[%s:\n], $skip_label;
        if($save_call =~ m~jmp~) {
            $s_file_lines[$i] .= sprintf qq[\tret\n];
        }
        $s_file_lines[$i] .= sprintf qq[\n];
    } # foreach my $i

    #
    # 1. search for pushsection / asciz / popsection, 
    # 2. determine unique unmangled function name containing if(...)
    # 3. replace movl cwrap_log_verbosity_dummy with cwrap_data_<unique mangled function name>...
    # 4. todo: delete pushsection / asciz / popsection and ascii name
    #

    # C: 	.type	__PRETTY_FUNCTION__.3193, @object
    # C:	.size	__PRETTY_FUNCTION__.3193, 5
    # C:__PRETTY_FUNCTION__.3193:
    # C:	.string	"main"
    # C:...
    # C:#APP
    # C:# 41 "cpp-example-1.a.cpp" 1
    # C:	.pushsection __cwrap, "S", @note; .int 9; .asciz "$__PRETTY_FUNCTION__.3193"; .popsection
    # C:	
    # C:# 0 "" 2
    # C:	.loc 1 41 5 view .LVU77
    # C:#NO_APP
    # C:	movl	cwrap_log_verbosity(%rip), %eax
    # C:	cmpl	%eax, 36+cwrap_log_verbosity_dummy(%rip)
    # C:	jle	.L21

    # CPP:.LC13:
    # CPP:	.string	"int main()"
    # CPP:...
    # CPP:#APP
    # CPP:# 41 "cpp-example-1.a.cpp" 1
    # CPP:	.pushsection __cwrap, "S", @note; .int 9; .asciz "$.LC13"; .popsection
    # CPP:	
    # CPP:# 0 "" 2
    # CPP:	.loc 1 41 5 view .LVU190
    # CPP:#NO_APP
    # CPP:	movl	cwrap_log_verbosity(%rip), %eax
    # CPP:	cmpl	%eax, 36+cwrap_log_verbosity_dummy(%rip)
    # CPP: 	jle	.L51

    my $t1 = Time::HiRes::time();
    my @s_file_line_index = indexes { m~pushsection __cwrap.*\.int.*\.asciz "\$([^"]+)"~ } @s_file_lines;
    my $t2 = Time::HiRes::time();
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: found pushsection __cwrap instances: %d in %fs\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, scalar @s_file_line_index, $t2 - $t1;

    my $s_file_line  = join("\n", @s_file_lines);

    foreach my $i (@s_file_line_index) {
        my ($line, $label) = $s_file_lines[$i -0] =~ m~pushsection __cwrap.*\.int (\d+); \.asciz "\$([^"]+)"~;
        my ($pretty_function) = $s_file_line =~ m~$label\:\s+\.string\s+"([^"]+)"~s;
        cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: cwrap: cannot find pretty_function via label: %s!\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $label) if (not defined $pretty_function);

        my $demangled = $pretty_function;
        if ($demangled =~ m~ \[with ([^\s]+)\s*=\s*(.*)]~) { # e.g. my_type get_max(my_type, my_type) [with my_type = int]
            # come here to make this                           e.g.     int get_max<int>(int, int)
            my ($my_var, $my_type) = ($1, $2);
            $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: converting assembler to pretty function demangled function: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $demangled if (not exists $h_demangled_2_mangled->{$demangled});
            $demangled =~ s~$my_var~$my_type~g;
            $demangled =~ s~\(~<$my_type>(~;
            $demangled =~ s~ \[with .*~~; # stip [with ...] part
        }
        else {
            $demangled =~ s~^[^\s\(]+\s+~~; # strip return type from e.g. int main()
        }
        if (not exists $h_demangled_2_mangled->{$demangled}) {
            $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: removing (...) because cannot find demangled function: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $demangled if (not exists $h_demangled_2_mangled->{$demangled});
            $demangled =~ s~\(.*$~~; # strip (<params>) from e.g. int main()
        }
        if (not exists $h_demangled_2_mangled->{$demangled}) {
            foreach my $demangled_key (sort keys %{$h_demangled_2_mangled}) {
                $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: non-matching demangled key: %d bytes: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, length($demangled_key), $demangled_key;
            }
            cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: cwrap: cannot find mangled function via demangled function: %s // via pretty function %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $demangled, $pretty_function);
        }
        my $mangled = $h_demangled_2_mangled->{$demangled};

        $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: starting at line %d: %s; line=%d label=%s pretty_function=%s AKA %s mangled\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $i, pretty_asm($s_file_lines[$i -0]), $line, $label, $pretty_function, $mangled if($debug_search);

        my $unique_dummy = sprintf qq[cwrap_data_verbosity_dummy_%u], $line;
        if ($s_file_line =~ s~$unique_dummy~cwrap_data_$mangled~) {
            # e.g. movq	cwrap_data_verbosity_dummy_8@GOTPCREL(%rip), %rax
        }
        else {
            cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: internal: cwrap: cannot find %s in assembler file referenced by line %d!\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $unique_dummy, $i);
        }
    } # foreach my $i

    #
    # re-write any labels with dots!
    #

    if (scalar keys %{$h_labels_to_rewrite} > 0) {
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: rewriting %d dodgy dot labels\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, scalar keys %{$h_labels_to_rewrite};
        foreach my $mangled_name_with_dot (keys %{$h_labels_to_rewrite}) {
            my $mangled_name = $h_labels_to_rewrite->{$mangled_name_with_dot};
            $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: rewriting dodgy dot label %s to %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $mangled_name_with_dot, $mangled_name;
            $s_file_line =~ s~$mangled_name_with_dot~$mangled_name~gs;
        }
    }

    $s_file_line =~ s~\.string\s+"cwrap_data_verbosity_dummy_\d+"~~gm; # .string "cwrap_data_verbosity_dummy_10"

    if ($s_file_line =~ m~(cwrap_data_verbosity_dummy_\d+)~s) {
        cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: internal: cwrap: detected at least one unsubstituted temporary label: %s!\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $1);
    }

    #
    # write out modified assembler file
    #

    my $s_file_out = sprintf qq[%s.2.s], $s_file;
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: assembler file: name : > %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $s_file_out;
    open(my $out, '>', $s_file_out) || cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: cwrap cannot open file for writing: %s; $1\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $s_file_out);
    $s_file_line .= "\n";
    syswrite($out, $s_file_line, length($s_file_line));
    close $out;
 } # read_modify_rewrite_assembler_file()

 sub using_undefind_error_write_cwrap_c {
    my ($output, $output_type) = @_; # output lines from nm or gxx command

    my @output = split(m~\n~, $output);
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: examining lines of %s output: %d\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $output_type, scalar @output;
    if (0) { foreach my $line (@output) { $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: debug output: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $line; } }

    my $h;
    if ($output_type eq 'nm') {
        # come here to process output with undefineds from nm
        foreach my $undefined (@output) {
            chomp $undefined; # e.g. ../aux/paraglob/src/ahocorasick/libahocorasick.a:AhoCorasickPlus.cpp.o:                 U cwrap_data__ZNK9__gnu_cxx13new_allocatorIiE8max_sizeEv
            next if ($undefined =~ m~cwrap_log_~); # do not generate cwrap_data structs for cwrap_log_*() functions
            if ($undefined =~ m~^(.+?):\s+U\s+(.*)~) {
                my ($file, $undefined_cwrap_data) = ($1, $2);
                $h->{$undefined_cwrap_data} = $file if (not exists $h->{$undefined_cwrap_data});
            }
            else {
                cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: internal: cwrap: do not understand nm output line: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $undefined);
            }
        }
    }
    else {
        # come here to process output with undefineds from gxx
        my @undefined_errors = grep(m~undefined reference to .cwrap_data_~, @output); # e.g. cpp-example-1.cpp:5: undefined reference to `cwrap__Z8clean_upPi'

        # first grab all the undefined error; note: gcc appears to spit them out in a random order!
        foreach my $undefined_error (@undefined_errors) { # e.g. /usr/bin/ld: testCXXCompiler.cxx:(.text+0x1d): undefined reference to `cwrap_data_main'
            next if ($undefined_error =~ m~cwrap_log_~);
            chomp $undefined_error;
            my ($source_file, $source_line, $missing_ref) = $undefined_error =~ m~([^/]+):([^\:]+): undefined reference to .(cwrap_[_A-Za-z0-9]+)~;
            $h->{$missing_ref} = $source_file if (not exists $h->{$missing_ref});
        }
    }
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: unique undefined cwrap_data_* symbols in nm output: %d\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, scalar keys %{$h};

    my @demangled_names; # e.g. int get_max<int>(int, int)
    my @mangled_names; # e.g. _Z7get_maxIiET_S0_S0_
    my @source_files;
    foreach my $missing_ref (sort keys %{ $h }) { # sort because always want names in same order for test scripts
        my  $source_file = $h->{$missing_ref};
        my ($mangled_name) = $missing_ref =~ m~cwrap_data_(.*)~;
        push @source_files, $source_file;
        push @mangled_names, $mangled_name; # e.g. _Z7get_maxIiET_S0_S0_
        my $demangled_name = demangle_name($mangled_name);
        push @demangled_names, $demangled_name; # e.g. int get_max<int>(int, int)
    }
    #todo: consider sorting the function names by demangled name instead of mangled name!

    $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: writing %d missing cwrap structs to: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, scalar keys %{ $h }, $cwrap_c;
    cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: internal: cwrap: missing cwrap structs should never be zero\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts) if (0 == scalar keys %{ $h });
    open(my $out, '>', $cwrap_c) || cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: cwrap: cannot open file for writing: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $cwrap_c);
    printf $out <<EOF;
 #ifndef _GNU_SOURCE
 #define _GNU_SOURCE      /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
 #endif
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <sys/syscall.h> /* for syscall(), SYS_gettid */
 #include <signal.h>      /* for raise() */
 #include <stdlib.h>      /* for exit() */
 #include <string.h>      /* for memcmp() */
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <stdarg.h>
 #include <sys/time.h>

 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern  "C" {
 #endif

 __attribute__ ((no_instrument_function)) void __cyg_profile_func_enter(void *func, void *callsite);
 __attribute__ ((no_instrument_function)) void __cyg_profile_func_exit (void *func, void *callsite);

 #define CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX (256)

 #ifndef CWRAP_LOG_CURT
 #define CWRAP_LOG_CURT (0)
 #endif

 #ifndef CWRAP_LOG_FILE
 #define CWRAP_LOG_FILE (0)
 #endif

 #ifndef CWRAP_LOG_COR_ID
 #define CWRAP_LOG_COR_ID (1)
 #endif

 #ifndef CWRAP_LOG_THREAD_ID
 #define CWRAP_LOG_THREAD_ID (0)
 #endif

 #ifndef CWRAP_LOG_STACK_PTR
 #define CWRAP_LOG_STACK_PTR (0)
 #endif

 #ifndef CWRAP_LOG_TIMESTAMP
 #define CWRAP_LOG_TIMESTAMP (0)
 #endif

 #define COR_ID_MAX (1000)

 typedef struct CWRAP_LOG_COR {
    void * unique; // unique value representing last log line
    int    indent;
    int    line_result_pos;
    int    line_append_pos;
    int    line_pos;
    char   line_result[CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX];
    char   line_append[CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX];
    char   line[CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX];
 } __attribute__((packed)) CWRAP_LOG_COR;

       __thread int           cor_id                         = 0;

       __thread CWRAP_LOG_COR cwrap_log_cor[COR_ID_MAX]      = {0}; // todo: make this dynamically grow to the necessary size; mremap() ?
                char          cwrap_log_spaces[]             = "                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      ";
                int           cwrap_log_verbosity            = 1;
 static __thread void        * cwrap_log_sp_start             = NULL;
 static          FILE        * cwrap_log_file                 = NULL;
 static          int           cwrap_log_fd;
 static          double        cwrap_log_time                 = 0             ; // very first timestamp
 static          int           cwrap_log_output_curt          = CWRAP_LOG_CURT; // try to fold enter and leave lines if possible
 static          int           cwrap_log_output_file          = CWRAP_LOG_FILE; // output to file or stdout?
 static          int           cwrap_log_output_cor_id        = CWRAP_LOG_COR_ID;
 static          int           cwrap_log_output_thread_id     = CWRAP_LOG_THREAD_ID;
 static          int           cwrap_log_output_stack_pointer = CWRAP_LOG_STACK_PTR;
 static          int           cwrap_log_output_elapsed_time  = CWRAP_LOG_TIMESTAMP;

 extern void cwrap_log_push(int indent_direction, int no_append, int is_inside, const char * format, ...);

 double cwrap_get_time_in_seconds(void)
 {
    struct timeval tv;
    gettimeofday(&tv, NULL);
    return (double)tv.tv_sec + 1.e-6 * (double)tv.tv_usec;
 }

 const char * cwrap_log_append_get(void)
 {
    const char * result = NULL;
    if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_append_pos) {
        cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_append_pos = 0;
        result = &cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_append[0];
    }
    return result;
 }

 const char * cwrap_log_result_get(void)
 {
    const char * result = NULL;
    if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result_pos) {
        cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result_pos = 0;
        result = &cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result[0];
    }
    return result;
 }

 // todo: performance optimization: consider refactoring this code so that all sprintf() ingredients are queued and actual sprintf()s are executed in a separate thread?

 void cwrap_log_flush(void)
 {
    if (cwrap_log_output_file) {
        fprintf(cwrap_log_file, "%%s\\n", &cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[0]);
        fflush(cwrap_log_file);
        //fsync(cwrap_log_fd); // todo: fsync intermittantly?
    }
    else {
        int pos = cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos - 1;
        if ('\\n' == cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[pos]) { printf("%%s"   , &cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[0]); }
        else                                          { printf("%%s\\n", &cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[0]); }
    }

    cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos = 0;
 }

 void cwrap_log_push_v(int indent_direction, int no_append, int is_inside, const char * format, va_list argument_list)
 {
    double time = cwrap_get_time_in_seconds();

    if (no_append && (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos > 0)) { // todo: create & check cor_id_last too?
        const char * append = cwrap_log_append_get();
        if (append) { if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos < CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos +=  snprintf(&cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos], CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX - cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos, ") { // %%s", append); } }
        else        { if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos < CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos +=  snprintf(&cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos], CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX - cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos, ") {"               ); } }
        cwrap_log_flush();
    }

    if (no_append && (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result_pos > 0) && (indent_direction >= 0)) {
        const char * result = cwrap_log_result_get();
        cwrap_log_push(0 /* no indent_direction */, 1 /* no append */, 1 /* is inside */, "return %%s", result);
        cwrap_log_flush();
    }

    if (cwrap_log_output_file && (NULL == cwrap_log_file)) { // todo: make thread safe
        cwrap_log_file = fopen("cwrap.out","w+");
        cwrap_log_fd   = fileno(cwrap_log_file);
    }

    if (0 == cwrap_log_time) {
        cwrap_log_time = time;
    }

    double time_elapsed = time - cwrap_log_time;

    void * cwrap_log_sp       = &format;
           cwrap_log_sp_start = cwrap_log_sp_start ? cwrap_log_sp_start : cwrap_log_sp;

    if (no_append) {
    if (cwrap_log_output_thread_id    ) { if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos < CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos +=  snprintf(&cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos], CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX - cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos, "T%%05ld " , syscall(SYS_gettid)                                   ); } } // linux; cat /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max
    if (cwrap_log_output_cor_id       ) { if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos < CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos +=  snprintf(&cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos], CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX - cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos, "C%%d "    , cor_id                                                ); } }
    if (cwrap_log_output_stack_pointer) { if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos < CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos +=  snprintf(&cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos], CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX - cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos, "SP%%+6ld ", (char *)cwrap_log_sp - (char *)cwrap_log_sp_start     ); } }
    if (cwrap_log_output_elapsed_time ) { if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos < CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos +=  snprintf(&cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos], CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX - cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos, "%%fs "    , time_elapsed                                          ); } }
                                          if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos < CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos +=  snprintf(&cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos], CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX - cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos, "%%.*s"    , 2 * cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].indent, &cwrap_log_spaces[0]); }   // note: %% because of Perl
    if (is_inside                     ) { if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos < CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos +=  snprintf(&cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos], CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX - cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos, "- "                                                               ); } }
    } // if (no_append)
                                          if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos < CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos += vsnprintf(&cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos], CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX - cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos, format     , argument_list                                         ); }

    int pos = cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos - 1;
    if ('\\n' == cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[pos]) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line[pos] = 0; cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos --; } // chomp trailing \\n if present

    cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].indent += indent_direction;
 }

 void cwrap_log_push(int indent_direction, int no_append, int is_inside, const char * format, ...)
 {
    va_list argument_list;
    va_start(argument_list, format);

    cwrap_log_push_v(indent_direction, no_append, is_inside, format, argument_list);

    va_end(argument_list);
 }

 void cwrap_log_pop(int indent_direction, int no_append, int is_inside, const char * format, ...)
 {
    va_list argument_list;
    va_start(argument_list, format);

    cwrap_log_push_v(indent_direction, no_append, is_inside, format, argument_list);
    cwrap_log_flush();

    va_end(argument_list);
 }

 void cwrap_log(const char * format, ...)
 {
    va_list argument_list;
    va_start(argument_list, format);

    cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].unique = 0; // signal previous enters that leave folding should not occur
    cwrap_log_push_v(0 /* no indent_direction */, 1 /* no append */, 1 /* is inside */, format, argument_list);
    cwrap_log_flush();

    va_end(argument_list);
 }

 void cwrap_log_verbatim(const char * format, ...)
 {
    va_list argument_list;
    va_start(argument_list, format);

    cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].unique = 0; // signal previous enters that leave folding should not occur
    cwrap_log_push_v(0 /* no indent_direction */, 1 /* no append */, 0 /* is inside */, format, argument_list);
    cwrap_log_flush();

    va_end(argument_list);
 }

 void cwrap_log_append(const char * format, ...)
 {
    va_list argument_list;
    va_start(argument_list, format);

    if (cwrap_log_output_curt && (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos > 0)) {
        if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_append_pos < CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_append_pos += vsnprintf(&cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_append[cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_append_pos], CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX - cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_append_pos, format, argument_list); }
    }
    else {
        cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].unique = 0; // signal previous enters that leave folding should not occur
        cwrap_log_push_v(0 /* no indent_direction */, 1 /* no append */, 1 /* is inside */, format, argument_list);
        cwrap_log_flush();
    }

    va_end(argument_list);
 }

 void cwrap_log_result(const char * format, ...)
 {
    va_list argument_list;
    va_start(argument_list, format);

    if (cwrap_log_output_curt) {
        if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result_pos < CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result_pos += vsnprintf(&cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result[cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result_pos], CWRAP_LOG_LINE_MAX - cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result_pos, format, argument_list); }
        int pos = cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result_pos - 1;
        if ('\\n' == cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result[pos]) { cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result[pos] = 0; cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_result_pos --; } // chomp trailing \\n if present
    }
    else {
        cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].unique = 0; // signal previous enters that leave folding should not occur
        cwrap_log_push  (0 /* no indent_direction */, 1 /* no append */, 1 /* is inside */, "return ");
        cwrap_log_push_v(0 /* no indent_direction */, 0 /*    append */, 1 /* is inside */, format, argument_list);
        cwrap_log_flush();
    }

    va_end(argument_list);
 }

 void cwrap_log_params(const char * format, ...)
 {
    va_list argument_list;
    va_start(argument_list, format);

    if (cwrap_log_output_curt && (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].line_pos > 0)) {
        cwrap_log_push_v(0 /* no indent_direction */, 0 /* append */, 0 /* is not inside */, format, argument_list);
    }
    else {
        cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].unique = 0; // signal previous enters that leave folding should not occur
        cwrap_log_push_v(0 /* no indent_direction */, 1 /* no append */, 1 /* is inside */, format, argument_list);
        cwrap_log_flush();
    }

    va_end(argument_list);
 }

 #define CWRAP_MAGIC (0x12345678)

 typedef struct CWRAP_DATA CWRAP_DATA;

 struct CWRAP_DATA {
    int verbosity; // must be 1st structure member!
    int magic;
    int calls;
    int variation_x;
    int of_y_variations;
    int bytes___mangled_name;
    int bytes_demangled_name;
    const char * name; int len_name; // generic demangled name
    const char * file; int len_file;
    CWRAP_DATA * next;
 } __attribute__((packed));

 EOF

    push    @source_files, $cwrap_c;
    push   @mangled_names, "cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all";
    push @demangled_names, "cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all";

    push    @source_files, $cwrap_c;
    push   @mangled_names, "cwrap_log_stats";
    push @demangled_names, "cwrap_log_stats";

    push    @source_files, $cwrap_c;
    push   @mangled_names, "cwrap_log_verbosity_set";
    push @demangled_names, "cwrap_log_verbosity_set";

    my $default_function_verbosity = 9;
    my $mangled_name_last = "NULL";
    my $h_variation_x;
    my $h_of_y_variations;
    my $number___mangled_names = 0;
    my $number_demangled_names = 0;
    my $number___generic_names = 0;
    my  $bytes___mangled_names = 0;
    my  $bytes_demangled_names = 0;
    my  $bytes___generic_names = 0;
    foreach my $i (0..$#mangled_names) {
        my   $mangled_name =   $mangled_names[$i]; $number___mangled_names ++; $bytes___mangled_names += length(  $mangled_name);
        my $demangled_name = $demangled_names[$i]; $number_demangled_names ++; $bytes_demangled_names += length($demangled_name);
        chomp $demangled_name;
        my $compressed_demangled_name = compress_demangled_name($demangled_name);
        if (not exists $h_of_y_variations->{$compressed_demangled_name}) {
            $number___generic_names ++;
             $bytes___generic_names += length($compressed_demangled_name);
        }
        $h_of_y_variations->{$compressed_demangled_name} ++;
        $h_variation_x->{$mangled_name} = $h_of_y_variations->{$compressed_demangled_name};
    }
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: number___mangled_names=%d\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $number___mangled_names;
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: number_demangled_names=%d\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $number_demangled_names;
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: number___generic_names=%d\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $number___generic_names;
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap:  bytes___mangled_names=%d\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts,  $bytes___mangled_names;
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap:  bytes_demangled_names=%d\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts,  $bytes_demangled_names;
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap:  bytes___generic_names=%d\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts,  $bytes___generic_names;
    foreach my $i (0..$#mangled_names) {
        my   $mangled_name =   $mangled_names[$i];
        my $demangled_name = $demangled_names[$i];
        chomp $demangled_name;
        my $compressed_demangled_name = compress_demangled_name($demangled_name);
        $log .= sprintf qq[%f   - cwrap: %-48s -> variation %d of %d for %s()\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $mangled_name, $h_variation_x->{$mangled_name}, $h_of_y_variations->{$compressed_demangled_name}, $compressed_demangled_name;
        #for non-debug source_line might look like "(.text+0x1d)": cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: internal: cwrap: 0 == source_line from linker undefined error: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $undefineds[$i]) if (0 == $source_line);
        printf $out qq[CWRAP_DATA cwrap_data_%s = {%d, CWRAP_MAGIC, 0, %d, %d, %d, %d, "%s", %d, "%s", %d, %s};\n],
            $mangled_name,
            $default_function_verbosity,
            $h_variation_x->{$mangled_name},
            $h_of_y_variations->{$compressed_demangled_name},
            length(  $mangled_name),
            length($demangled_name),
            $compressed_demangled_name, length($compressed_demangled_name),
            $source_files[$i]         , length($source_files[$i]         ),
            $mangled_name_last;
        $mangled_name_last = sprintf qq[&cwrap_data_%s], $mangled_name;
    }

    printf $out <<EOF;

 int cwrap_default_function_verbosity = $default_function_verbosity;

 CWRAP_DATA * cwrap_data_start = $mangled_name_last;

 void cwrap_data_sanity_check(CWRAP_DATA * cwd) {
    if (cwd->magic != CWRAP_MAGIC) {
        printf("ERROR: internal: cwrap bad magic; expected 0x%%x, got 0x%%x exiting // cw=%%p sizeof(CWRAP_DATA)=%%ld\\n", CWRAP_MAGIC, cwd->magic, (void *)cwd, sizeof(CWRAP_DATA));
        raise(SIGINT);
        exit(1);
    }
 }

 #define CWRAP_UNUSED_PARAMETER(param) (void)(param)

 void __cyg_profile_func_enter(void *this_fn, void *call_site) {
    CWRAP_UNUSED_PARAMETER(call_site);
    CWRAP_DATA * cw = (CWRAP_DATA *) this_fn;
    cwrap_data_sanity_check(cw);
    //debug printf("debug: cwrap_log_verbosity=%%d ->name=%%s\\n", cwrap_log_verbosity, cw->name);
    cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].unique = cw;
    if (cw->calls <= 10000) cwrap_log_push(1, 1 /* no append */, 0 /* outside */, "+ %%s(", cw->name);
    cw->calls ++;
 }

 // + foo(a=1) { // hint
 // ^^^^^^   ^^^         <-- push+1
 //       ^^^            <-- param
 //              ^^^^^^^ <-- hint

 //   } = 1 // foo() #2
 // ^^^     ^^^^^^^^^^^  <-- push-1
 //    ^^^^              <-- return

 // + foo(a=1) {} = 1 // hint
 // ^^^^^^   ^^^              <-- push+1
 //       ^^^                 <-- param
 //                   ^^^^^^^ <-- hint
 //             ^             <-- push-1
 //              ^^^^         <-- return

 void __cyg_profile_func_exit(void *this_fn, void *call_site) {
    CWRAP_UNUSED_PARAMETER(call_site);
    CWRAP_DATA * cw = (CWRAP_DATA *) this_fn;
    cwrap_data_sanity_check(cw);
    if (cw->calls <= 10000) {
        const char * append = cwrap_log_append_get();
        const char * result = cwrap_log_result_get();
        if   ((      cwrap_log_output_curt)
        &&    (cw == cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].unique)) { cwrap_log_pop(-1, 0 /*    append */, 0 /* outside */, ") {}%%s%%s // "    "#%%llu%%s%%s", NULL == result ? "" : " = ", NULL == result ? "" : result,           cw->calls, NULL == append ? "" : " ", NULL == append ? "" : append); }
        else                                        { cwrap_log_pop(-1, 1 /* no append */, 0 /* outside */,    "}%%s%%s // %%s() #%%llu%%s%%s", NULL == result ? "" : " = ", NULL == result ? "" : result, cw->name, cw->calls, NULL == append ? "" : " ", NULL == append ? "" : append); }
    }
    if (cwrap_log_cor[cor_id].indent < 0) {
        printf("ERROR: internal: cwrap_log_indent[cor_id=%%d] < 0\\n", cor_id);
        raise(SIGINT);
        exit(1);
    }
 }

 void cwrap_log_verbosity_set(int verbosity, const char * name) {
    __cyg_profile_func_enter(&cwrap_data_cwrap_log_verbosity_set, NULL);
    if(cwrap_log_verbosity >= cwrap_data_cwrap_log_verbosity_set.verbosity){ cwrap_log_params("verbosity=%%d, name=%%s", verbosity, name); }
    int i = 0;
    CWRAP_DATA * cwd = cwrap_data_start;
    do {
        cwrap_data_sanity_check(cwd);
        //debug cwrap_log("i=%%d .verbosity=%%d .name=%%s", i, cwd->verbosity, &cwd->name[0]);
        if (0 == memcmp(name, cwd->name, 3)) {
            if(cwrap_log_verbosity >= cwrap_data_cwrap_log_verbosity_set.verbosity){ cwrap_log_append("setting verbosity to %%d (was %%d) for function %%s()", verbosity, cwd->verbosity, &cwd->name[0]); }
            cwd->verbosity = verbosity;
        }
        i ++;
        cwd = cwd->next;
    } while (cwd);
    __cyg_profile_func_exit(&cwrap_data_cwrap_log_verbosity_set, NULL);
 }

 void cwrap_log_stats(void) {
    __cyg_profile_func_enter(&cwrap_data_cwrap_log_stats, NULL);
    int i = 0;
    int j = 0;
    int k = 0;
    CWRAP_DATA * cwd = cwrap_data_start;
    do {
        if (cwd->calls > 0) {
            if(cwrap_log_verbosity >= cwrap_data_cwrap_log_stats.verbosity){ cwrap_log("%%d calls to %%d of %%d function variation for %%s() \\n", cwd->calls, cwd->variation_x, cwd->of_y_variations, &cwd->name[0]); }
            i += cwd->calls;
            j ++;
        }
        k ++;
        cwd = cwd->next;
    } while (cwd);
    if(cwrap_log_verbosity >= cwrap_data_cwrap_log_stats.verbosity){ cwrap_log_append("%%d calls to %%d of %%d functions instrumented\\n", i, j, k); }
    __cyg_profile_func_exit(&cwrap_data_cwrap_log_stats, NULL);
 }

 void cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all(int verbosity) {
    __cyg_profile_func_enter(&cwrap_data_cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all, NULL);
    if(cwrap_log_verbosity >= cwrap_data_cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all.verbosity){ cwrap_log_params("verbosity=%%d", verbosity); }
    int i = 0;
    CWRAP_DATA * cwd = cwrap_data_start;
    do {
        cwrap_data_sanity_check(cwd);
        //debug cwrap_log("i=%%d .verbosity=%%d .name=%%s", i, cwd->verbosity, &cwd->name[0]);
        cwd->verbosity = verbosity;
        i ++;
        cwd = cwd->next;
    } while (cwd);
    if(cwrap_log_verbosity >= cwrap_data_cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all.verbosity){ cwrap_log_append("set verbosity for %%d functions instrumented", i); }
    __cyg_profile_func_exit(&cwrap_data_cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all, NULL);
 }

 // This function gets called *before* main() and hopefully *before* C++ initialization.
 // It is completely silent unless verbosity is being switched on.
 // The asm voodoo to make this work is described here [1].
 // [1] https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2053029/how-exactly-does-attribute-constructor-work
 void cwrap_log_init(void)
 {
    __asm__ (".section .init \\n call cwrap_log_init \\n .section .text\\n");
    char * p_env_verb      = getenv("CWRAP_LOG_VERBOSITY_SET_ALL");
    char * p_env_stats     = getenv("CWRAP_LOG_STATS");
    char * p_env_curt      = getenv("CWRAP_LOG_CURT");
    char * p_env_file      = getenv("CWRAP_LOG_FILE");
    char * p_env_cor_id    = getenv("CWRAP_LOG_COR_ID");
    char * p_env_thread_id = getenv("CWRAP_LOG_THREAD_ID");
    char * p_env_stack_ptr = getenv("CWRAP_LOG_STACK_PTR");
    char * p_env_timestamp = getenv("CWRAP_LOG_TIMESTAMP");
    int    verbosity       = p_env_verb      ? atoi(p_env_verb     ) : cwrap_default_function_verbosity;
    int    stats           = p_env_stats     ? atoi(p_env_stats    ) : 0;
    int    curt            = p_env_curt      ? atoi(p_env_curt     ) : CWRAP_LOG_CURT;
    int    file            = p_env_file      ? atoi(p_env_file     ) : CWRAP_LOG_FILE;
    int    cor_id          = p_env_cor_id    ? atoi(p_env_cor_id   ) : CWRAP_LOG_COR_ID;
    int    thread_id       = p_env_thread_id ? atoi(p_env_thread_id) : CWRAP_LOG_THREAD_ID;
    int    stack_ptr       = p_env_stack_ptr ? atoi(p_env_stack_ptr) : CWRAP_LOG_STACK_PTR;
    int    timestamp       = p_env_timestamp ? atoi(p_env_timestamp) : CWRAP_LOG_TIMESTAMP;
    if (verbosity != cwrap_default_function_verbosity) {
        printf("cwrap_log_init() {} // CWRAP_LOG: _VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=%%d _STATS=%%d _CURT=%%d _FILE=%%d _COR_ID=%%d _THREAD_ID=%%d _STACK_PTR=%%d _TIMESTAMP=%%d\\n", verbosity, stats, curt, file, cor_id, thread_id, stack_ptr, timestamp);
        cwrap_log_output_curt          = curt     ;
        cwrap_log_output_file          = file     ;
        cwrap_log_output_cor_id        = cor_id   ;
        cwrap_log_output_thread_id     = thread_id;
        cwrap_log_output_stack_pointer = stack_ptr;
        cwrap_log_output_elapsed_time  = timestamp;
        cwrap_data_cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all.verbosity = 1;
        cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all(verbosity);
        if (stats) {
            atexit(cwrap_log_stats);
        }
    }
 }

 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
 EOF

    close $out;
 } # using_undefind_error_write_cwrap_c()


 sub create_cwrap_h() {
    my $cwrap_file = "cwrap.h";
    $log .= sprintf qq[%f - cwrap: writing missing cwrap header to: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $cwrap_file;
    open(my $out, '>', $cwrap_file) || cwrap_die(sprintf qq[%f ERROR: cwrap: cannot open file for writing: %s\n], Time::HiRes::time() - $ts, $cwrap_file);
    printf $out <<EOF;
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif

 #ifndef CWRAP_LOG_INIT_REF
 #define CWRAP_LOG_INIT_REF
 // help to force inclusion of cwrap_log_init() even if static library shenanigans during build process
 // https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2991927/how-to-force-inclusion-of-an-object-file-in-a-static-library-when-linking-into-e
 extern void cwrap_log_init(void);
 __attribute__((weak)) void * p_cwrap_log_init = (void *) &cwrap_log_init;
 #endif

 #define CWRAP      (1)
 //#define COR_ID     (1)

 extern __thread int    cor_id;
 extern __thread int    cwrap_log_indent[];
 extern          char   cwrap_log_spaces[];
 extern          int    cwrap_log_verbosity;
 extern          void   cwrap_log(const char * format, ...);
 extern          void   cwrap_log_verbatim(const char * format, ...);
 extern          void   cwrap_log_push(int indent_direction, int no_append, const char * format, ...);
 extern          int    cwrap_log_get_lines(void);
 extern          void   cwrap_log_result(const char * format, ...);
 extern          void   cwrap_log_append(const char * format, ...);
 extern const    char * cwrap_log_result_get(void);
 extern const    char * cwrap_log_append_get(void);
 extern          void   cwrap_log_params(const char * format, ...);
 extern          void   cwrap_log_verbosity_set(int verbosity, const char * name);
 extern          void   cwrap_log_stats(void);

 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif

 // The extra indirection is to ensure that the __LINE__ string comes through OK.

 #define params_printf(...) _generic_printf(cwrap_log_params, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, __COUNTER__, __VA_ARGS__)
 #define result_printf(...) _generic_printf(cwrap_log_result, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, __COUNTER__, __VA_ARGS__)
 #define append_printf(...) _generic_printf(cwrap_log_append, __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, __COUNTER__, __VA_ARGS__)
 #define  debug_printf(...) _generic_printf(cwrap_log       , __PRETTY_FUNCTION__, __COUNTER__, __VA_ARGS__)

 #define _generic_printf(_function, _pretty_function, _counter, ...) __generic_printf(_function, _pretty_function, _counter, __VA_ARGS__)

 #define __generic_printf(__function, __pretty_function, __counter, ...) __asm__(".pushsection __cwrap, \\\"S\\\", \@note; .int \" #__counter \"; .asciz \\\"%0\\\"; .popsection\\n\\t" : : "s" ( __pretty_function ) ); \\
    extern int cwrap_data_verbosity_dummy_##__counter; \\
    if(cwrap_log_verbosity >= cwrap_data_verbosity_dummy_##__counter /* get replaced in assembler file! */){ __function(__VA_ARGS__); }
 EOF

    # example non-fPIC assembler:     .pushsection __cwrap, "S", \@note; .int 9; .asciz "\$__PRETTY_FUNCTION__.3184"; .popsection
    # example non-fPIC assembler: ...
    # example non-fPIC assembler:     movl	cwrap_log_verbosity\@GOTPCREL(%rip), %eax
    # example non-fPIC assembler:     cmpl	%eax, 36+cwrap_log_verbosity_dummy\@GOTPCREL(%rip)
    # example non-fPIC assembler:     jle	.L23

    close EOF;
 }

 sub compress_demangled_name {
    my ($demangled_name, $debug_expected) = @_;
    my $debug_result;
    my $demangled_name_orig = $demangled_name;

    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~<[^<>]*>~!!~g) {} # remove all <..>
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    #while($demangled_name =~ s~\{[^\{\}]+\}~{}~) {} # remove all {..}
    #$debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~ const\&*~~g) {} # remove const&
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~lambda\([^\(\)]*\)\#\d+~lambda||~g) {} # remove all lambda(..)#n
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~\(\)~||~) {} # remove ()
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~\(([\*\&]+)\)~|*|~) {} # remove (*) or (*&)
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~\(anonymous namespace\)~|anonymous-namespace|~) {} # caf::(anonymous namespace)::fill_builtins()
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~\([^\(\)\*\&][^\(\)]*\)~||~) {} # remove (..) except not (*..) and not (&..)
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~lambda\|\|\#\d+~lambda||~g) {} # remove all lambda(..)#n due to nesting
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~!!~<>~g) {}
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~\|([^\|]*)\|~($1)~g) {}
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~unnamed type#\d+~unnamed-type~) {} # deal with unnamed type #1
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~^((.*?)<>|void)\s+~~) {} # std::tuple<> std::forward_as_tuple<>()
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    while($demangled_name =~ s~[^:\s]+\s+([^:\s]+::)~$1~) {} # std::vector<>& caf::default_sum_type_access<>::get<>() -> std::caf::default_sum_type_access<>::get<>()
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    $demangled_name =~ s~\(\)$~~; # remove single empty trailing () which normally contains function parameters
    $debug_result .= sprintf qq[- test: compress_demangled_name(): %s\n\n], $demangled_name if ($debug_expected);

    if ($debug_expected) {
        printf qq[%s], $debug_result if ($demangled_name ne $debug_expected);
        cmp_ok($demangled_name, 'eq', $debug_expected, sprintf qq[test: compressed %d bytes unique demangled name to expected %d bytes non-unique name: %s], length($demangled_name_orig), length($debug_expected), $debug_expected);
        exit(1) if ($demangled_name ne $debug_expected);
    }

    return $demangled_name;
 } # compress_demangled_name()

 ONLY_REQUIRED_FOR_SUBS:;

 1;
	r=2
	r=3
	r=4
	a=0
	a=1
	r=2
	r=2
	a=1
	a=2
	r=3
	r=3
	a=2
	a=3
	r=4
	r=4
	hello world
	a=1
	r=2
	a=100
	hello my_public
	a=101
	a=102
	a=103
	r=104
	r=104
	r=104
	r=104
	a=104
	a=105
	r=106
	r=106
	b=106
	my_int=5
	called via atexit() via baz()
	called via atexit() via baz()
	called via atexit() via baz()
	called via atexit() via main()
	called via atexit() via baz()
	called via atexit() via baz()
	called via atexit() via baz()
	cwrap_log_init() {} // CWRAP_LOG: _VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 _STATS=1 _CURT=1 _FILE=0 _COR_ID=1 _THREAD_ID=0 _STACK_PTR=0 _TIMESTAMP=0
	C0 + cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all(verbosity=1) {} // #1 set verbosity for 13 functions instrumented
	C0 + main() {
	C0 + qux() {
	C0 + quux() {} = r=2 // #1
	C0 + quux() {} = r=3 // #2
	C0 + quux() {} = r=4 // #3
	C0 } // qux() #1
	C0 + bar(a=0) {
	C0 + baz(a=1) {} = r=2 // #1
	C0 } = r=2 // bar() #1
	C0 + cwrap_log_verbosity_set(verbosity=2, name=bar) {} // #1 setting verbosity to 2 (was 1) for function bar()
	C0 + baz(a=2) {} = r=3 // #2
	C0 + baz(a=3) {} = r=4 // #3
	C0 - hello world
	C0 + baz(a=1) {} = r=2 // #4
	C0 + my_public(a=100) {
	C0 - hello my_public
	C0 + my_private(a=101) {
	C0 + baz(a=103) {} = r=104 // #5
	C0 } = r=104 // my_private() #1
	C0 } = r=104 // my_public() #1
	C0 + baz(a=105) {} = r=106 // #6
	C0 - return b=106
	C0 + clean_up() {} // #1 my_int=5
	C0 } // main() #1
	C0 + bye_baz() {} // #1 called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 + bye_baz() {} // #2 called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 + bye_baz() {} // #3 called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 + bye() {} // #1 called via atexit() via main()
	C0 + bye_baz() {} // #4 called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 + bye_baz() {} // #5 called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 + bye_baz() {} // #6 called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 + cwrap_log_stats() {
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_stats()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for qux()
	C0 - 3 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for quux()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for my_public()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for my_private()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for main()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for clean_up()
	C0 - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye_baz()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye()
	C0 - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for baz()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bar()
	C0 - 25 calls to 13 of 13 functions instrumented
	C0 } // cwrap_log_stats() #1
	cwrap_log_init() {} // CWRAP_LOG: _VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 _STATS=1 _CURT=0 _FILE=0 _COR_ID=1 _THREAD_ID=0 _STACK_PTR=0 _TIMESTAMP=0
	C0 + cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all() {
	C0 - verbosity=1
	C0 - set verbosity for 13 functions instrumented
	C0 } // cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all() #1
	C0 + main() {
	C0 + qux() {
	C0 + quux() {
	C0 - return r=2
	C0 } // quux() #1
	C0 + quux() {
	C0 - return r=3
	C0 } // quux() #2
	C0 + quux() {
	C0 - return r=4
	C0 } // quux() #3
	C0 } // qux() #1
	C0 + bar() {
	C0 - a=0
	C0 + baz() {
	C0 - a=1
	C0 - return r=2
	C0 } // baz() #1
	C0 - return r=2
	C0 } // bar() #1
	C0 + cwrap_log_verbosity_set() {
	C0 - verbosity=2, name=bar
	C0 - setting verbosity to 2 (was 1) for function bar()
	C0 } // cwrap_log_verbosity_set() #1
	C0 + baz() {
	C0 - a=2
	C0 - return r=3
	C0 } // baz() #2
	C0 + baz() {
	C0 - a=3
	C0 - return r=4
	C0 } // baz() #3
	C0 - hello world
	C0 + baz() {
	C0 - a=1
	C0 - return r=2
	C0 } // baz() #4
	C0 + my_public() {
	C0 - a=100
	C0 - hello my_public
	C0 + my_private() {
	C0 - a=101
	C0 + baz() {
	C0 - a=103
	C0 - return r=104
	C0 } // baz() #5
	C0 - return r=104
	C0 } // my_private() #1
	C0 - return r=104
	C0 } // my_public() #1
	C0 + baz() {
	C0 - a=105
	C0 - return r=106
	C0 } // baz() #6
	C0 - return b=106
	C0 + clean_up() {
	C0 - my_int=5
	C0 } // clean_up() #1
	C0 } // main() #1
	C0 + bye_baz() {
	C0 - called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 } // bye_baz() #1
	C0 + bye_baz() {
	C0 - called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 } // bye_baz() #2
	C0 + bye_baz() {
	C0 - called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 } // bye_baz() #3
	C0 + bye() {
	C0 - called via atexit() via main()
	C0 } // bye() #1
	C0 + bye_baz() {
	C0 - called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 } // bye_baz() #4
	C0 + bye_baz() {
	C0 - called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 } // bye_baz() #5
	C0 + bye_baz() {
	C0 - called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 } // bye_baz() #6
	C0 + cwrap_log_stats() {
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_stats()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for qux()
	C0 - 3 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for quux()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for my_public()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for my_private()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for main()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for clean_up()
	C0 - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye_baz()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye()
	C0 - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for baz()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bar()
	C0 - 25 calls to 13 of 13 functions instrumented
	C0 } // cwrap_log_stats() #1
	all: c---example-1.via-1-line.exe
	@echo - Makefile: 1 line: Running $<
	CWRAP_LOG_VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 CWRAP_LOG_STATS=1 ./$< 2>&1 \| tee run.log

	c---example-1.via-1-line.exe: c---example-1..c cpp-example-1..cpp cpp-example-1.*.hpp
	@echo - Makefile: 1 line: Building and linking $@
	$(CC) $(OPT) -Werror -g -o $@ c---example-1.*.c
	all: c---example-1.via-n-line.exe
	@echo - Makefile: n line: Running $<
	CWRAP_LOG_VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 CWRAP_LOG_STATS=1 ./$< 2>&1 \| tee run.log

	c---example-1.a.o: c---example-1.a.c cpp-example-1.a.cpp cpp-example-1.*.hpp
	@echo - Makefile: n lines: Building $@
	$(CC) $(OPT) -Werror -g -o $@ -c $<

	c---example-1.b.o: c---example-1.b.c cpp-example-1.b.cpp cpp-example-1.*.hpp
	@echo - Makefile: n lines: Building $@
	$(CC) $(OPT) -Werror -g -o $@ -c $<

	c---example-1.via-n-line.exe: c---example-1.a.o c---example-1.b.o
	@echo - Makefile: n lines: Linking $@
	$(CC) -Werror -g -o $@ $^
	#include <stdio.h>
	#include <stdlib.h>
	#include "cpp-example-1.a.hpp"

	#define INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))

	extern void clean_up(int * my_int);
	void bye_baz (void ) { append_printf("called via atexit() via baz()\n"); }
	void bye (void ) { append_printf("called via atexit() via main()\n"); }
	int baz (int a ) { atexit(bye_baz); params_printf("a=%d\n", a); int r = (1 + a); result_printf("r=%d\n", r); return r; }
	static INLINE int bar (int a ) { params_printf("a=%d\n", a); int r = baz(1 + a); result_printf("r=%d\n", r); return r; }
	static INLINE int quux (int a ) { int r = (1 + a); result_printf("r=%d\n", r); return r; }
	static void qux (void ) { for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) { quux(1 + i); } }

	#ifdef __cplusplus
	class Foo {
	private:
	my_struct my_struct_3;
	#endif
	int my_private(int a) { params_printf("a=%d\n", a); int r = bar(1 + a); result_printf("r=%d\n", r); return r; }

	#ifdef __cplusplus
	public:
	Foo(const char* arg1) : my_struct_3("my_struct_3", arg1) { append_printf( "constructing Foo\n"); debug_printf("inside Foo\n"); }
	~Foo() { append_printf("deconstructing Foo\n"); debug_printf("inside ~Foo\n"); }
	#endif
	int my_public(int a) { params_printf("a=%d\n", a); debug_printf("hello my_public\n"); int r = my_private(1 + a); result_printf("r=%d\n", r); return r; }
	#ifdef __cplusplus
	};
	#endif

	#ifdef __cplusplus
	my_struct my_struct_1("my_struct_1");
	#endif

	int main() {
	qux();
	for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
	bar(i);
	#ifdef CWRAP
	if (0 == i) {
	cwrap_log_verbosity_set(2, "bar");
	}
	#endif
	}
	atexit(bye);
	int my_int __attribute__ ((__cleanup__(clean_up))) = 1;
	my_int = 5;
	debug_printf("hello world\n");
	int b = baz(1);
	#ifdef __cplusplus
	int x1 = 12345, y1 = 67890;
	get_max <int> (x1,y1);
	char x2 = 43, y2 = 21;
	get_max <char> (x2,y2);
	my_struct my_struct_2("my_struct_2");
	Foo foo_1("a");
	Foo foo_2("b");
	b = bar(foo_1.my_public(100));
	#else
	b = bar( my_public(100));
	#endif
	result_printf("b=%d\n", b);
	return b;
	}
	#ifndef debug_printf
	#define debug_printf(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
	#define params_printf(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
	#define result_printf(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
	#define append_printf(...) printf(__VA_ARGS__)
	#endif

	#include "cpp-example-1.b.hpp"
	#ifdef __cplusplus
	struct my_struct {
	my_struct(const char *f ) { f_ = f; params_printf("arg1=%s\n" , f_ ); append_printf( "constructing my_struct\n"); }
	my_struct(const char f, const char b) { f_ = f; params_printf("arg1=%s, arg2=%s\n", f_, b); append_printf( "constructing my_struct\n"); }
	~my_struct( ) { append_printf("deconstructing my_struct\n"); }
	const char *f_;
	};

	template <class my_type>
	my_type get_max (my_type a, my_type b) { params_printf("a=%d, b=%d\n", a, b); my_type r = (a > b) ? a : b; result_printf("r=%d\n", r); return r; }
	#endif
	arg1=my_struct_1
	constructing my_struct
	arg1=my_struct_2
	constructing my_struct
	r=2
	r=3
	r=4
	a=0
	a=1
	r=2
	r=2
	a=1
	a=2
	r=3
	r=3
	a=2
	a=3
	r=4
	r=4
	hello world
	a=1
	r=2
	a=12345, b=67890
	r=67890
	a=43, b=21
	r=43
	arg1=my_struct_2
	constructing my_struct
	arg1=my_struct_3, arg2=a
	constructing my_struct
	constructing Foo
	inside Foo
	arg1=my_struct_3, arg2=b
	constructing my_struct
	constructing Foo
	inside Foo
	a=100
	hello my_public
	a=101
	a=102
	a=103
	r=104
	r=104
	r=104
	r=104
	a=104
	a=105
	r=106
	r=106
	b=106
	deconstructing Foo
	inside ~Foo
	deconstructing my_struct
	deconstructing Foo
	inside ~Foo
	deconstructing my_struct
	deconstructing my_struct
	my_int=5
	called via atexit() via baz()
	called via atexit() via baz()
	called via atexit() via baz()
	called via atexit() via main()
	called via atexit() via baz()
	called via atexit() via baz()
	called via atexit() via baz()
	deconstructing my_struct
	deconstructing my_struct
	cwrap_log_init() {} // CWRAP_LOG: _VERBOSITY_SET_ALL=1 _STATS=1 _CURT=1 _FILE=0 _COR_ID=1 _THREAD_ID=0 _STACK_PTR=0 _TIMESTAMP=0
	C0 + cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all(verbosity=1) {} // #1 set verbosity for 23 functions instrumented
	C0 + _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_a_cpp() {
	C0 + __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() {
	C0 + my_struct::my_struct(arg1=my_struct_1) {} // #1 constructing my_struct
	C0 } // __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() #1
	C0 } // _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_a_cpp() #1
	C0 + _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_b_cpp() {
	C0 + __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() {
	C0 + my_struct::my_struct(arg1=my_struct_2) {} // #2 constructing my_struct
	C0 } // __static_initialization_and_destruction_0() #2
	C0 } // _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_b_cpp() #1
	C0 + main() {
	C0 + qux() {
	C0 + quux() {} = r=2 // #1
	C0 + quux() {} = r=3 // #2
	C0 + quux() {} = r=4 // #3
	C0 } // qux() #1
	C0 + bar(a=0) {
	C0 + baz(a=1) {} = r=2 // #1
	C0 } = r=2 // bar() #1
	C0 + cwrap_log_verbosity_set(verbosity=2, name=bar) {} // #1 setting verbosity to 2 (was 1) for function bar()
	C0 + baz(a=2) {} = r=3 // #2
	C0 + baz(a=3) {} = r=4 // #3
	C0 - hello world
	C0 + baz(a=1) {} = r=2 // #4
	C0 + int get_max<>(a=12345, b=67890) {} = r=67890 // #1
	C0 + char get_max<>(a=43, b=21) {} = r=43 // #1
	C0 + my_struct::my_struct(arg1=my_struct_2) {} // #3 constructing my_struct
	C0 + Foo::Foo() {
	C0 + my_struct::my_struct(arg1=my_struct_3, arg2=a) {} // #1 constructing my_struct
	C0 - constructing Foo
	C0 - inside Foo
	C0 } // Foo::Foo() #1
	C0 + Foo::Foo() {
	C0 + my_struct::my_struct(arg1=my_struct_3, arg2=b) {} // #2 constructing my_struct
	C0 - constructing Foo
	C0 - inside Foo
	C0 } // Foo::Foo() #2
	C0 + Foo::my_public(a=100) {
	C0 - hello my_public
	C0 + Foo::my_private(a=101) {
	C0 + baz(a=103) {} = r=104 // #5
	C0 } = r=104 // Foo::my_private() #1
	C0 } = r=104 // Foo::my_public() #1
	C0 + baz(a=105) {} = r=106 // #6
	C0 - return b=106
	C0 + Foo::~Foo() { // deconstructing Foo
	C0 - inside ~Foo
	C0 + my_struct::~my_struct() {} // #1 deconstructing my_struct
	C0 } // Foo::~Foo() #1
	C0 + Foo::~Foo() { // deconstructing Foo
	C0 - inside ~Foo
	C0 + my_struct::~my_struct() {} // #2 deconstructing my_struct
	C0 } // Foo::~Foo() #2
	C0 + my_struct::~my_struct() {} // #3 deconstructing my_struct
	C0 + clean_up() {} // #1 my_int=5
	C0 } // main() #1
	C0 + bye_baz() {} // #1 called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 + bye_baz() {} // #2 called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 + bye_baz() {} // #3 called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 + bye() {} // #1 called via atexit() via main()
	C0 + bye_baz() {} // #4 called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 + bye_baz() {} // #5 called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 + bye_baz() {} // #6 called via atexit() via baz()
	C0 + my_struct::~my_struct() {} // #4 deconstructing my_struct
	C0 + my_struct::~my_struct() {} // #5 deconstructing my_struct
	C0 + cwrap_log_stats() {
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_stats()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for cwrap_log_verbosity_set_all()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for main()
	C0 - 5 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for my_struct::~my_struct()
	C0 - 2 calls to 2 of 2 function variation for my_struct::my_struct()
	C0 - 3 calls to 1 of 2 function variation for my_struct::my_struct()
	C0 - 2 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for Foo::~Foo()
	C0 - 2 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for Foo::Foo()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for Foo::my_public()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for Foo::my_private()
	C0 - 3 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for quux()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for qux()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bar()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for clean_up()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for int get_max<>()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for char get_max<>()
	C0 - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye_baz()
	C0 - 2 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for __static_initialization_and_destruction_0()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for bye()
	C0 - 6 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for baz()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_b_cpp()
	C0 - 1 calls to 1 of 1 function variation for _GLOBAL__sub_I_cpp_example_1_a_cpp()
	C0 - 45 calls to 23 of 23 functions instrumented
	C0 } // cwrap_log_stats() #1