I needed to set up a new Yubikey device, which plugs into my Mac laptop via USB-C and injects one-time codes by pretending to be a keyboard.
Problem: I use Dvorak... so the Yubikey codes were coming through incorrectly and failing to work.
https://superuser.do/2014/10/22/yubikey-support-for-non-qwerty-keyboard-layouts-on-mac-os-x/ has a recipe for fixing this using Karabiner. But... those instructions are for an older Karabiner which is configured using XML files.
The latest Karabiner - Karabiner-Elements - uses a JSON configuration instead.