Note: Hold option (alt) and click a position in the current line to move your cursor to that position.
Clear history: ctrl + l
Clear everything left from current cursor position: ctrl + u
Clear everything right from current cursor position: ctrl + k
Re-call last input with sudo: sudo !!
Stop current process: ctrl + c
Jump to left: ctrl + a
Jump to right: ctrl + e
Help: help cd / help dir (...)
Finding Help: apropos directory / apropos search (...)
Define custom startup screen: sudo nano /etc/motd
Run a script as background process: python script.py &
List all running process's: ps aux
Kill a running process: sudo kill 12345
Get the current path: pwd
Copy to clipboard: pwd | pbcopy
Paste: pbpaste
Get the current hostname: hostname
Get the current users: users
Get all info about the environment: env
Show calendar: cal
Show today's date: date
Exit terminal: exit
Use -R option to change permissions recursively.
List: ps -ef | grep apache | grep -v grep
Change permissions: chmod 755 index.php
Change owner: chown root index.php (root is the username)
Change group: chgrp www-data index.php (www-data is the groupname)
Let apache be owner: chown www-data:www-data -R *
Change directory permissions rwxr-xr-x: find . -type d -exec chmod 755 {} \;
Change file permissions rw-r--r--: find . -type f -exec chmod 644 {} \;
(see http://stackoverflow.com/a/18352747/1815847)
List directory contents: ls
List all directory contents: ll
List all directory contents sorted by time edited: ls -alt
List directory (wildcard matching): ls *.txt
List all files of type: find . -name "*.txt" -print
Go back to previous directory: cd -
Make (empty) directory: mkdir sample-dirname
Remove (empty) directory: rmdir sample-dirname
Remove directory with all contents: rm -rf sample-dirname/
Remove directory contents and keep directory: rm -rf *
Checkout directory: cd sample-dirname
Browsing directories: pushd sample-dirname / popd / dirs
(see http://unix.stackexchange.com/a/77081)
Create symlink: ln -s source-dirname destination-dirname
Update symlink: ln -sfn source-dirname destination-dirname
Remove symlink: unlink sample-dirname
-s: Create a symbolic link.-f: If the target file already exists, then unlink it.-F: If the target file already exists and is a directory, then remove/overwrite it.-h: If the target file or directory is a symbolic link, do not follow it.-n: Same as-h, for compatibility with otherlnimplementations.
Make (empty) file: touch sample-filename.txt
Change creation date: touch –t 201401011337 sample-filename.txt
Change modified date: touch –mt 201401011337 sample-filename.txt
Duplicate file: cp sample-filename.txt sample-filename-copy.txt
Copy/Page folder with content: cp -a folder/ new_folder
Move/Rename file: mv current-filename.txt new-filename.txt
Move/Rename file and prompt before overwriting an existing file: mv -i current-filename.txt new-filename.txt
Remove file: rm sample-filename.txt
View file: less sample-filename.txt / more sample-filename.txt
Write to file (will overwrite existing content): cat > sample-filename.txt (quit with ctrl+d)
Search for a filename (not content!) in the current directory: find sample-filename.txt
Search for a string (not filename!) inside all files in the current directory: ack "string" --php (documentation)
Search for a string inside all files in the current directory and subdrectories: grep -r "string" *
Search and replace within file: sed -i '' 's/original-text/new-text/g' sample-filename.txt
MD5 hash for files: md5 sample-filename.txt
MD5 hash for folders: tar c folder | md5sum
Encrypt file: openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -e -in sample-filename.txt -out sample-encrypted.txt
Decrypt file: openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -d -in sample-encrypted.txt -out sample-filename.txt
Access via ssh: ssh [email protected]
Copy file from server to local: scp [email protected]:/path/to/file.png ~/Desktop/
(use -r to recursively get complete folder)
Copy file from local to server: scp ~/Desktop/file.png [email protected]:/path/to/folder
(use -r to recursively get complete folder)
Copy file from local to server: rsync --exclude=".DS_Store" -vzcrSLh ~/Desktop/file.png [email protected]:/path/to/folder
Escape files with spaces in name like this: /path/to/file\\\ name.png
Show disc space: df -h
Show disc space (inodes): df -i
Show disc space for current directory: du -hs
Current processes (also CPS usage): top or htop
Show running php processes: ps aux | grep php
Monitor error log (stream as file grows): tail error.log -f -n 0
Start appliction: open -a [name-of-programm] e.g. open -a firefox
Open finder with current folder: open .
Register variable: export TESTING="Sample Text"
Echo variable: echo $TESTING
Unset variable: unset TESTING
Write to file: echo "Hello" > hello.txt
Append content from a file to another file: cat file1.txt >> file2.txt
Add the amount of lines, words, and characters to file2.txt: cat file1.txt | wc | cat > file2.txt
Sort the content of a file (like cat): sort hello.txt
Save to sorted content to a new file: cat file1.txt | sort > sorted-file1.txt
Sort and remove duplicates and save to a new file: sort file1.txt | uniq > uniq-file1.txt
Calculate (returns only int): echo $((123/2))
Check site feedback: ping google.com
Show site IP: dig +short google.com
Show A Record: dig a google.com (Returns: google.com. 43 IN A 123.123.123.123 aka public-name ttl internet record-type server-address)
Webservice: https://www.whatsmydns.net/
Curl headers: curl -I https://hofmannsven.com
Installation: brew install tree
Installation: brew install httpie
Usage:
http GET https://hofmannsven.test --verify=no
Fix OpenSSH Client Bug: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/questions/openssh-client-bug-cve-2016-0777-and-cve-2016-0778