VIM "$ mkdir ~/.tmp # ensure directory exists first

.vimrc

set encoding=utf-8

" Author: Ahmid-Ra (github.com/snuggs)

" Screencasts: http://vimcasts.org

" Gist: https://gist.github.com/snuggs/612093

" Tutorial: http://learnvimscriptthehardway.stevelosh.com

" ********************************************************************************

"let skip_defaults_vim=1
" disable .viminfo
set viminfo=
autocmd VimLeave * call delete('~/.viminfo')

" Plugins ************************************************************************
" ********************************************************************************

" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" NERDTree
" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

" let g:NERDTreeDirArrowExpandable  = ‘▸’
" let g:NERDTreeDirArrowCollapsible = ‘▾’
let NERDTreeDirArrowExpandable = '📁'
let NERDTreeDirArrowCollapsible = '📂'

" [ENTER] Opens Nerdtree
autocmd VimEnter * NERDTreeToggle | wincmd p

" Show hidden files
let NERDTreeShowHidden=1
nmap <cr> :NERDTreeToggle<cr>


" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" Vim Airline
" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
let g:airline_powerline_fonts = 1


" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" ZoomWin
" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
nnoremap , :ZoomWin<cr>


" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" Closetag - https://github.com/alvan/vim-closetag
" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

" These are the file types where this plugin is enabled.
" let g:closetag_filetypes = 'svg,html,xhtml,phtml,eruby'

" These are the file extensions where this plugin is enabled.
let g:closetag_filenames = '*.svg,*.html,*.xhtml,*.phtml,*.html.erb'

" This will make the list of non-closing tags self-closing in the specified files.
let g:closetag_xhtml_filetypes = 'xhtml,jsx'

" This will make the list of non-closing tags self-closing in the specified files.
let g:closetag_xhtml_filenames = '*.xhtml,*.jsx'

" This will make the list of non-closing tags case-sensitive (e.g. `<Link>` will be closed while `<link>` won't.)
let g:closetag_emptyTags_caseSensitive = 1

" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" Vim-Ruby-Miinitest - https://github.com/sunaku/vim-ruby-minitest
" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

set completefunc=syntaxcomplete#Complete

" ********************************************************************************
" Files **************************************************************************
" ********************************************************************************

filetype off
filetype indent on
filetype plugin indent on

set nrformats-=octal
" set spell " Enable spellchecking
set nomodeline "Ignore file mode lines
" set shell " The shell used to execute commands

" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" Markdown
" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

" http://vimcasts.org/episodes/hard-wrapping-text/
" autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.md set formatoptions-=t


" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" Javascript
" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.es   set filetype=javascript
autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.mjs  set filetype=javascript
autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.test set filetype=javascript
autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.json set filetype=javascript


" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" Ruby
" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead Gemfile set filetype=ruby
autocmd BufNewFile,BufRead *.html.erb set filetype=eruby


" ********************************************************************************
" Settings ***********************************************************************
" ********************************************************************************

syntax on " turns syntax highlighting on

set title " File currently being edited
set autoread " re-read files if unmodified
set noerrorbells " Display beep on errors
set visualbell " Flash the screen instead of beeping errors
set lazyredraw " Don't update during macro script execution
set smartcase " Automaticall search case-sensitive

" Clipboard
set paste
set pastetoggle=<F2> " Allow toggle of code indentation
set history=1000  " Increase undo limit
set tabpagemax=50 " Maximum number of tab pages
inoremap <c-c> "*y<cr>
nnoremap <c-c> "*y<cr>
vnoremap <c-c> "*y<cr>
"set clipboard=unnamedplus


if has("gui_running")
  " remove ugly toolbar :-)
  set guioptions=egmrt
endif


set showcmd      " display incomplete command in lower right
set nocompatible " use Vim defaults (much better)

" http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Using_the_mouse_for_Vim_in_an_xterm
set ttyfast      " Send more characters for redraws
set mouse=a      " Enable mouse use in all modes

if has('mouse_sgr')
  " Must be one of: sgr, xterm, xterm2, netterm, dec, jsbterm, pterm
  " Set this to the name of your terminal that supports mouse codes.
  set ttymouse=sgr
else
  set ttymouse=xterm2
endif

" Backups
"   - https://groups.google.com/g/vim_use/c/K2Utwkh5f30?pli=1
"   - https://alvinalexander.com/linux-unix/vi-vim-swap-backup-tilde-temporary-files-directory-move/
" set nobackup
set backup " keep a backup file (nobackup for inverse)
" Undo location
" set nobackup
" set noswapfile
" set noundofile

set undodir=$TMPDIR
" swap file location
set directory=$TMPDIR
" backup directory location
set backupdir=$TMPDIR

" http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Great_wildmode/wildmenu_and_console_mouse
set wildmenu
set wildmode=list:longest,full

" Gutter
set ruler
set number
set showtabline=2
set numberwidth=4


" Whitespace

set nopaste " non paste mode
set smarttab
set expandtab "turn tabs into whitespace
retab " update tab format
"indent width for autoindents
set shiftround
set shiftwidth=2
" view hidden characters
set list
" tab will show as ▸ and whitespace will show as -
set listchars=tab:▢\ ,trail:■,eol:↴

" character to indicate that line continues off the page
set listchars+=extends:⇨
set listchars+=precedes:⇦

set autoindent
"Enable indent folding
set foldenable
set foldmethod=indent
nnoremap <space> za
"set tab character to 2 characters
set tabstop=2
set softtabstop=2

" https://stackoverflow.com/questions/15277241/changing-vim-gutter-color
" https://github.com/vim/vim/commit/394c5d8870b15150fc91a4c058dc571fd5eaa97e
if has('signs')
  set signcolumn=number
endif


set path=$PWD/**
" sets <LF> (unix) first, then tries <CR><LF> (dos) next
set fileformats=unix,dos
set formatoptions+=j " Delete comment from joining lines


set wrap
" backspace will delete CRLF at beginning of line
" space key will wrap to next line at end of line
" left and right arrow will wrap to previous and next lines at end of line
" (in normal mode & insertion mode)
set whichwrap=b,s,<,>,[,]
set linebreak   " Avoid wrapping line in middle of word
set backspace=2 " character deletion prior to insertion mode
set scrolloff=2 " Lines of offset when jump scrolling
set sidescroll=10 " scroll amount when a word is outside of view
set display+=lastline " Always show paragraph last line

" (Hopefully) Stop VIM from crashing
" https://superuser.com/questions/810622/vim-crashes-freezes-on-specific-files-mac-osx-mavericks#answer-810866
" 200
:set synmaxcol=0


" ********************************************************************************
" FONTS, COLORS & HIGHLIGHTS - https://jonasjacek.github.io/colors **********************
" ********************************************************************************

" Italic Font ???
" https://stackoverflow.com/a/30937851/173208
let &t_ZH="\e[3m"
let &t_ZR="\e[23m"

set t_Co=256 " enable 256 colors

set background=dark
colorscheme jellybeans " Set color scheme

" Highlight found search results
set hlsearch
" Incremental search that shows partial matches
set incsearch
" highlight current cursor line
set cursorline
" highlight current cursor column
set cursorcolumn


"let &t_Cs = "\e[4:3m"
"let &t_Ce = "\e[4:0m"

" http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Xterm256_color_names_for_console_Vim
" http://www.bjornenki.com/blog/gvim-colorscheme/bjornenki-colorscheme.vim
" * can use hexidecimal values for gui (e.g. guibg=#000000)
" gui / cterm display modes (none,(i)talic,(b)old,(s)tandout, (u)nderline, under(c)url)
"hi Example guifg=NONE guibg=#ff0000 gui=NONE ctermfg=NONE ctermbg=NONE cterm=NONE

" Custom Color Groups
highlight WhiteSpace ctermbg=NONE ctermfg=244

highlight Braces ctermfg=249
highlight Error ctermbg=13 ctermfg=black
highlight VisualColor ctermbg=132 ctermfg=234
highlight NormalColor ctermbg=234 ctermfg=magenta
highlight InsertColor ctermbg=magenta ctermfg=234
highlight ReplaceColor guifg=Black guibg=maroon ctermbg=165 ctermfg=0

highlight TabColorNC ctermbg=black ctermfg=132 cterm=bold


" Native Color Groups
" https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24232354/vim-set-color-for-listchars-tabs-and-spaces
highlight Directory ctermfg=13
highlight String cterm=italic ctermfg=117
highlight! link TabColor NormalColor
highlight! link TabLine TabColorNC
highlight! link TabLineSel TabColor
highlight! link TabLineFill TabLine
highlight! link NonText WhiteSpace
highlight! link SpecialKey WhiteSpace
highlight! link  PreProc String
highlight StringDelimiter cterm=bold ctermfg=132
highlight Title cterm=bold ctermfg=159
highlight Special cterm=bold ctermfg=183
highlight! link Constant Special
highlight Statement ctermfg=132
highlight! link Function Statement
highlight! link StorageClass Statement
highlight! link Type Identifier
highlight! link StatusLine NormalColor
highlight! link StatusLineTerm StatusLine
highlight StatusLineNC ctermfg=249
highlight! link StatusLineTermNC StatusLineNC
highlight Pmenu ctermfg=132 ctermbg=235
highlight LineNr ctermfg=240 ctermbg=234
highlight VertSplit ctermfg=132 ctermbg=232
highlight PmenuThumb ctermfg=red ctermbg=132
highlight CursorLineNr ctermfg=132 ctermbg=234
highlight Scrollbar ctermfg=red ctermbg=blue
highlight! link SpellBad Error
highlight! link ErrorMsg Error
highlight! link WarningMsg Error
highlight Search term=reverse ctermfg=black ctermbg=13
highlight PmenuSbar ctermfg=green ctermbg=black
highlight PmenuSel ctermfg=magenta ctermbg=black
highlight SignColumn ctermbg=darkgrey guibg=darkgrey
highlight Cursor guifg=black ctermfg=black guibg=white ctermbg=white
highlight iCursor guifg=white ctermfg=black guibg=steelblue ctermbg=white
highlight StatusFileName ctermbg=234 guibg=black ctermfg=magenta guifg=magenta

" Overrides
highlight vimOper ctermfg=13
highlight! link vimEcho vimOper
highlight! link vimMapLhs vimOper
highlight! link vimCmdSep vimOper
highlight! link vimHiBang vimOper
highlight! link vimUserCmd vimOper
highlight! link vimHiKeyList vimOper
highlight! link vimFunction String
highlight! link vimUserFunc vimFunction
highlight! link vimIsCommand Statement
highlight! link vimVar vimIsCommand
highlight! link vimAutoCmdSfxList vimOper
highlight! link vimAutoEventList Delimiter
highlight! link shQuote String
highlight! link shQuote String
highlight! link vimMapRhs Identifier
highlight! link vimSetEqual vimOper
highlight! link vimSet vimSetEqual
highlight! link vimHiCtermColor String
highlight! link vimHiGroup Special
highlight! link vimGroup vimHiGroup
highlight! link vimNumber String
highlight! link vimHiNmbr vimNumber
highlight! link NERDTreeDir Directory
highlight NERDTreeCWD ctermfg=13  cterm=reverse
highlight! link NERDTreeFile Statement
highlight! link NERDTreeExecFile Statement
highlight! link cssBraces Braces
highlight! link rubyParentheses Braces
highlight! link rubyCurlyBlockDelimiter Braces
highlight rubyMethodBlock ctermfg=132
highlight! link javaScriptBraces Braces
highlight! link javaScriptParens Braces
highlight htmlTagName cterm=bold ctermfg=134
highlight! link htmlTagN htmlTagName
highlight! link htmlSpecialTagName htmlTagName
highlight! link cssTagName htmlTagName
highlight! link cssSelectorOp Statement
highlight! default link cssIdentifier Identifier


" ********************************************************************************
" Cursor ************************************************************************
" ********************************************************************************

set guicursor=n-v-c:block-Cursor
set guicursor+=n-v-c:blinkwait10
set guicursor+=i:ver100-iCursor
set guicursor+=i:blinkwait90


" ********************************************************************************
" Status Message *****************************************************************
" ********************************************************************************

set laststatus=2 " Always show status line

" clear out status line
set statusline=

" file type
set statusline+=💻[%Y]

set statusline+=%{(mode()=='n')?'\ 📃\ ':''}
set statusline+=%{(mode()=='i')?'\ 📝\ ':''}
set statusline+=%{(mode()=='R')?'\ REPLACE\ ':''}
set statusline+=%{(mode()=='v')?'\ 🔎\ ':''}
set statusline+=%{(mode()=='V')?'\ 🔎\ ':''}

" read only mode
set statusline+=%r

" full file name
set statusline+=%-10F

" right justify everything after this line
set statusline+=%=

" cursor column position
set statusline+=\ 📜\ %2c\ ⋈\ %-l

" cursor line, total lines
set statusline+=\ of\ %L\ lines

" percentage
set statusline+=\ (%p%%)

" colorscheme
set statusline+=\ \ \ \ 🎨\ %{g:colors_name}\ 


" ********************************************************************************
" Mappings ***********************************************************************
" ********************************************************************************

nmap <C-b> :tabprevious<cr>

nmap <C-n> :tabnext<cr>

nmap <C-t> :tabnew<cr>

" <CTRL+h> Focus on pane to left
nmap <C-h> <C-w>h

" <CTRL+h> Focus on pane down
nmap <C-j> <C-w>j

" <CTRL+h> Focus on pane up
nmap <C-k> <C-w>k

" <CTRL+h> Focus on pane to right
nmap <C-l> <C-w>l

" <=> Equal sized panes
nmap = <C-w>=

" normal mode: save
nnoremap <c-s> :w<cr>

" insert mode: escape to normal and save
inoremap <c-s> <esc>:w<cr>

" visual mode: escape to normal and save
vnoremap <c-s> <esc>:w<cr>


" Map semi-colon to colon (no need to press <SHIFT>
nmap ; :

" https://stackoverflow.com/questions/657447/vim-clear-last-search-highlighting

" MAJOR MOUSE PROBLEMS
" nnoremap <esc> :nohlsearch<cr>


" ********************************************************************************
" Functions **********************************************************************
" ********************************************************************************

" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" Interactive Status.
" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

function! DevPunks()

  " (n) Normal mode
  " (v) Visual mode
  " (i) Insert mode
  " (c) Command-line mode
  " (h) all previous modes when in a help file
  " (a) all previous modes
  " (r) for |hit-enter| prompt
  echom mode()
  if mode() == 'i'
    highlight statusline guibg=green ctermbg=green
  elseif mode() == 'n'
    highlight StatusLine ctermbg=blue
  elseif mode() == 'r'
    highlight StatusLine ctermbg=yellow
  elseif mode() == 'c'
    highlight StatusLine ctermbg=132
  elseif mode() == 'v'
    highlight StatusLine ctermbg=red
  elseif mode() == 'V'
    highlight StatusLine ctermbg=red
  else

  endif
endfunction

" autocmd InsertEnter * call DevPunks()
" autocmd InsertLeave * call DevPunks()

autocmd InsertEnter * highlight! link StatusLine InsertColor
autocmd InsertLeave * highlight! link StatusLine NormalColor

" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
" Zoom / Restore window.
" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

function! s:ZoomToggle() abort
    if exists('t:zoomed') && t:zoomed
        execute t:zoom_winrestcmd
        let t:zoomed = 0
    else
        let t:zoom_winrestcmd = winrestcmd()
        resize
        vertical resize
        let t:zoomed = 1
    endif
endfunction
command! ZoomToggle call s:ZoomToggle()
nnoremap <silent> + :ZoomToggle<cr>

" https://vim.fandom.com/wiki/Identify_the_syntax_highlighting_group_used_at_the_cursor
function! HighlightGroup()
    let l:s = synID(line('.'), col('.'), 1)
    echo synIDattr(l:s, 'name') . ' -> ' . synIDattr(synIDtrans(l:s), 'name')
endfun

command! Colors call HighlightGroup()

plugins

echo Creating VIM plugin directory structure for `whoami`
mkdir -p ~/.vim/pack/`whoami`/start/

" -----------------------------
" Interface enhancements
" -----------------------------
ZoomWin.vim  - https://github.com/vim-scripts/ZoomWin
NerdTree     - https://github.com/vim-scripts/The-NERD-tree
Vim Gutter   - https://github.com/airblade/vim-gitgutter

" -----------------------------
" Language Enviroment Macros
" -----------------------------
endwise.vim  - https://github.com/tpope/vim-endwise
Pear Tree   - https://github.com/tmsvg/pear-tree
closetag.vim - https://github.com/alvan/vim-closetag
Syntastic    - https://github.com/scrooloose/syntastic
Rails.vim    - https://github.com/tpope/vim-rails
Minitest Highlighting - https://github.com/sunaku/vim-ruby-minitest
auto match   - https://vim.fandom.com/wiki/Auto_end-quote_html/xml_attribute_values_as_you_type_in_insert_mode

" -----------------------------
" Colors
" -----------------------------
" colorschemes
:echo g:colors_name
" ---------------------
Jellybeans.vim (colorscheme) - https://github.com/vim-scripts/jellybeans.vim

VIM

"+y[movement]              " copy to clipboard buffer (including double quote)
                           " Similarly, to paste from clipboard, "+p

vim -p [file1 file2 file3 fileN] # vim opens file collection in tabs
vim -o [file1 file2 file3 fileN] # vim opens file collection in split buffers

* j – navigate downwards
* k – navigate upwards
* l – navigate right side
* h – navigate left side

go down by 10 lines, then type “10j”.
:n  	Jump to line number n. For example, to jump to line 42, you'd type :42
0 – go to the starting of the current line.
^ – go to the first non blank character of the line.
$ – go to the end of the current line.
g_ – go to the last non blank character of the line.

H – Go to the first line of current screen.
M – Go to the middle line of current screen.
L – Go to the last line of current screen.
* ctrl+f – Jump forward one full screen.
* ctrl+b – Jump backwards one full screen
* ctrl+d – Jump forward (down) a half screen
* ctrl+u – Jump back (up) one half screen

 % – Go to the matching braces, or parenthesis inside code.
N% – Go to the Nth percentage line of the file.
NG – Go to the Nth line of the file.
G – Go to the end of the file.
” – Go to the position where you were in NORMAL MODE while last closing the file.
^ – Go to the position where you were in INSERT MODE while last closing the file.
g – Go to the beginning of the file.

e – go to the end of the current word.
E – go to the end of the current WORD.
b – go to the previous (before) word.
B – go to the previous (before) WORD.
w – go to the next word.
W – go to the next WORD.
zt  - move current cursor placement to top
zb  - move current cursor placement to bottom
zz  - move current cursor placement to center screen

WORD – WORD consists of a sequence of non-blank characters, separated with white space.
word – word consists of a sequence of letters, digits and underscores.

Example to show the difference between WORD and word

* 192.168.1.1 – single WORD
* 192.168.1.1 – seven words.


# Vim Paragraph Navigation
* { – Go to the beginning of the current paragraph. By pressing { again and again move to the previous paragraph beginnings.
* } – Go to the end of the current paragraph. By pressing } again and again move to the next paragraph end, and again.


Editing blocks of text
Note: the Vim commands marked with (V) work in visual mode, when you've selected some text. The other commands work in the command mode, when you haven't selected any text.
Vim command 	Action
~ 	Change the case of characters. This works both in visual and command mode.
        In visual mode, change the case of highlighted characters. 
        In command mode, change the case of the character uder cursor.
> (V) 	Shift right (indent).
< (V) 	Shift left (de-indent).
c (V) 	Change the highlighted text.
y (V) 	Yank the highlighted text. In Windows terms, "copy the selected text to clipboard."
yy or :y or Y     Yank the current line. You don't need to highlight it first.
d (V) 	Delete the highlighted text. In Windows terms, "cut the selected text to clipboard."
x     Delete characters under the cursor.
X     Delete characters before the cursor.
dd or :d 	Delete the current line. Again, you don't need to highlight it first. Deleting text
p 	Put the text you yanked or deleted. In Windows terms, "paste the contents of the clipboard". 
        Put characters after the cursor. Put lines below the current line.
P 	Put characters before the cursor. Put lines above the current line.
u  	Undo the last action.
U 	Undo all the latest changes that were made to the current line.
Ctrl + r 	Redo.
v  	Start highlighting characters. Use the normal movement keys and commands 
        to select text for highlighting.
V 	Start highlighting lines.


:%! nl -ba   # Line Numbers

Finding Files
---------------------
:pwd  # print working directory
:cd   # change directory
:find # file name (within path)


Search
---------------------
* /i – Search for a pattern which will you take you to the next occurrence of it.
* ?i – Search for a pattern which will you take you to the previous occurrence of it.
* * - Go to the next occurrence of the current word under the cursor.
* # - Go to the previous occurrence of the current word under the cursor.

re-apply - The . command repeats the last change. A change, in this context, is inserting, deleting or replacing text. Being able to repeat this is a very powerful mechanism. If you organise your editing around it, many changes will become a matter of hitting just that . key. Watch out for making other changes in between, because it will replace the change that you were repeating. Instead you might want to mark the location with the m command, continue your repeated change and come back there later.

registers - When you are typing a phrase or sentence multiple times, there is an even quicker approach. Vim has a mechanism to record a macro. You type qa to start recording into register 'a'. Then you type your commands as usual and finally hit q again to stop recording. When you want to repeat the recorded commands you type @a. There are 26 registers available for this.

:tabnew [filename] # and Vim will load the file in the new tab (or defaults to empty buffer)
:tabs # displays all tabs
:tabn and :tabp switch between tabs, or you can use gt while you're in normal mode.

If you have a lot of tabs open, you can use :tabfirst, or just :tabfir, to jump to the first tab, and :tablast to jump to the last tab that's open.

if you don't like the existing shortcuts for the tab commands, you can add your own. For instance, if you want to make it easy to open a new tab, you might insert this into your .vimrc:

- Rearranging tabs
If you're really meticulous and want to position tabs just so in Vim, you can move the tabs to a specific spot in the tab order using :tabm n , where n is the position number that you want to use. If you don't give the :tabm command an argument, then the current tab will be moved to the last spot.

Vim starts tab numbering from 0, so if you have six tabs open, you'll have tab 0 through tab 5. So, if you're in the first tab and want to move it to the fourth position, you'd run :tab 3.

map <leader>tn :tabnew %<cr>
map <leader>tc :tabclose<cr>
map <leader>tm :tabmove 


:split [file]  # Splits the window horizontally.
:vsplit [file] # Splits the window vertically.
<Ctrl>-w       # (mnemonic: control window) To move between windows you use <Ctrl>-w (mnemonic: control window). 
               # To move in a specific direction, add the relevant movement key. So, to move upwards: <Ctrl>-w+k.
               # To close the active window use :q, just as you would to close a window normally.
<Ctrl>-w [HJKL] # to actually move buffer (i.e. K will move current buffer to top. * notice caps*)
:only          # if split buffers, close all buffers except current one.
You can reduce/enlarge the size of the current window with <Ctrl>-w+- and <Ctrl>-w++, respectively. To specify the size of a window when you open it, prefix the :split command with the desired height/width in lines. For example, to show README in a window of 5 lines high: :5 :split README.

When splitting a window you can prepend a modifier command to tell where the
window is to appear:
:leftabove {cmd} left or above the current window
:aboveleft {cmd} idem
:rightbelow {cmd} right or below the current window
:belowright {cmd} idem
:topleft {cmd} at the top or left of the Vim window
:botright {cmd} at the bottom or right of the Vim window


CTRL-W x					
CTRL-W CTRL-X	Without count: Exchange current window with next one.  If there
		is no next window, exchange with previous window.
		With count: Exchange current window with Nth window (first
		window is 1).  The cursor is put in the other window.

CTRL-W T        Move window to a new tab.
Replace
Vim command 	Action
:rs/foo/bar/a 	Substitute foo with bar. r determines the range and a determines the arguments.
The range (r) can be
nothing 	Work on current line only.
number 	Work on the line whose number you give.
% 	The whole file.
Arguments (a) can be
g 	Replace all occurrences in the line. Without this, Vim replaces only the first occurrences in each line.
i 	Ignore case for the search pattern.
I 	Don't ignore case.
c 	Confirm each substitution. You can type y to substitute this match, n to skip this match, a to substitute this and all the remaining matches ("Yes to all"), and q to quit substitution.
Examples
:452s/foo/bar/ 	Replace the first occurrence of the word foo with bar on line number 452.
:s/foo/bar/g 	Replace every occurrence of the word foo with bar on current line.
:%s/foo/bar/g 	Replace every occurrence of the word foo with bar in the whole file.
:%s/foo/bar/gi 	The same as above, but ignore the case of the pattern you want to substitute. This replaces foo, FOO, Foo, and so on.
:%s/foo/bar/gc 	Confirm every substitution.
:%s/foo/bar/c 	For each line on the file, replace the first occurrence of foo with bar and confirm every substitution.

# Sessions
--------------------------
:mksession my_session.vim # creates session with current layout info 
:source my_session.vim    # restore session from file (or :~>vim -S my_session.vim)


BUFFERS
--------------------
:bn[ext]           # Next buffer
:bp[revious]       # Previous Buffer