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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading" lang="zh">信达雅</h1>
<div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content">
<div id="siteSub" class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div>
<div id="contentSub"></div>
<div id="jump-to-nav"></div>
<a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">跳到导航</a>
<a class="mw-jump-link" href="#p-search">跳到搜索</a>
<div id="mw-content-text" lang="zh" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E6%B6%88%E6%AD%A7%E4%B9%89" title="Wikipedia:消歧义"><img alt="Disambig gray.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></a>&#160;&#160;本文介紹的是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A5%E5%A4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="严复">严复</a>主张的翻译理论。關於美国的一匹赛马，請見「<b><a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E9%9B%85%E9%81%94" title="信雅達">信雅达</a></b>」。</div>
<div class="thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:222px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Ngieng_Hok.JPG" class="image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ngieng_Hok.JPG/220px-Ngieng_Hok.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="thumbimage" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Ngieng_Hok.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="352" /></a> <div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Ngieng_Hok.JPG" class="internal" title="放大"></a></div>严复</div></div></div><p>信、达、雅，由中国近代启蒙思想家、翻译家<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A5%E5%A4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="严复">严复</a>提出的翻译理论，又称“三难原则”。出自于严复译著《<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%BC%94%E8%AB%96" title="天演論">天演论</a>》中的“<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E6%BC%94%E8%AB%96/%E8%AD%AF%E4%BE%8B%E8%A8%80" class="extiw" title="s:天演論/譯例言">译例言</a>”，其讲到：“译事三难：信、达、雅。求其信已大难矣，顾信矣不达，虽译犹不译也，则达尚焉。”<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1">&#91;1&#93;</a></sup>
</p><ul><li>“信”指意义不悖原文，即是译文要准确，不偏离，不遗漏，也不要随意增减意思；</li>
<li>“达”指不拘泥于原文形式，译文通顺明白；</li>
<li>“雅”则指译文时选用的词语要得体，追求文章本身的古雅，简明优雅。</li></ul>
<p><a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E9%94%BA%E4%B9%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="钱锺书">钱锺书</a>在书《管锥编》说严复“三难原则”是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="三國">三國</a>時期佛教譯經大师<a href="/wiki/%E6%94%AF%E8%B0%A6" title="支谦">支谦</a>所著《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%8F%A5%E7%B6%93%E5%BA%8F" class="extiw" title="s:法句經序">s:法句經序</a>》里的“雅、严、信、达”来的。有學者像<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E8%A0%A1%E7%94%AB" title="伍蠡甫">伍蠡甫</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%82%B9%E6%8C%AF%E7%8E%AF&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="邹振环（页面不存在）">邹振环</a>皆指出蘇格蘭法學家<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="亞歷山大·弗雷澤·泰特勒" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Alexander Fraser Tytler"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%B1%B1%E5%A4%A7%C2%B7%E5%BC%97%E9%9B%B7%E6%BE%A4%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E7%89%B9%E5%8B%92&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="亞歷山大·弗雷澤·泰特勒（页面不存在）">亞歷山大·弗雷澤·泰特勒</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Fraser_Tytler" class="extiw" title="en:Alexander Fraser Tytler"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Alexander Fraser Tytler</span></a></span>）</span></span>（Alexander Fraser Tytler,. 1747-1814）在1791年出版的《翻译原理论》（Essay on the Principles of Translation）的“三条翻译通律”（the Three General Laws of Translation）對嚴復的影響很大。
</p>
<h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="参考文献">参考文献</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%A1%E8%BE%BE%E9%9B%85&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="编辑章节：参考文献">编辑</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;">
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <cite class="citation book"><a href="/wiki/%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9%C2%B7%E8%B5%AB%E8%83%A5%E9%BB%8E" title="托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎">托马斯·亨利·赫胥黎</a> 著 <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%A5%E5%A4%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="严复">严复</a> 译. <a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/天演論">天演论</a> <span style="font-family: sans-serif; cursor: default; color:#555; font-size: 0.8em; bottom: 0.1em; font-weight: bold;" title="连接到中文网页">（中文）</span>. <q><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/天演論/譯例言">譯例言</a>：譯事三難：信、達、雅。求其信已大難矣，顧信矣不達，雖譯猶不譯也，則達尚焉。</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E4%BF%A1%E8%BE%BE%E9%9B%85&amp;rft.au=%E6%89%98%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF+%B7%E4%BA%A8%E5%88%A9+%B7%E8%B5%AB%E8%83%A5%E9%BB%8E+%E8%91%97+%E4%B8%A5%E5%A4+%E8%AF%91&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%A4%A9%E6%BC%94%E8%AE%BA&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzh.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2F%E5%A4%A9%E6%BC%94%E8%AB%96&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> </span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<h2><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span><span class="mw-headline" id="参见">参见</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%A1%E8%BE%BE%E9%9B%85&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="编辑章节：参见">编辑</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2>
<ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%94%E7%A8%AE%E4%B8%8D%E7%BF%BB" title="五種不翻">五種不翻</a></li></ul>
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