Type-safe struct with constraints vs ActiveRecord instantiation

constrained.rb

require 'dry-data'
require 'dry/data/type/constrained'

require 'active_record'
require 'benchmark/ips'

ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection(adapter: "sqlite3", database: ":memory:")

ActiveRecord::Schema.define do
  create_table :users do |table|
    table.column :name, :string
    table.column :age, :string
  end
end

class ARUser < ActiveRecord::Base
  self.table_name = :users
end

module Types
end

Dry::Data.configure do |config|
  config.namespace = Types
end

Dry::Data.finalize

class DryDataUser < Dry::Data::Struct
  attribute :id, Types::Strict::Int
  attribute :name, Types::Strict::String.constrained(size: 3..64)
  attribute :age, Types::Strict::Int.constrained(gt: 18)
end

Benchmark.ips do |x|
  x.report('active record') { ARUser.new(id: 1, name: 'Jane', age: 21) }
  x.report('dry-data') { DryDataUser.new(id: 1, name: 'Jane', age: 21) }

  x.compare!
end

result.txt

Calculating -------------------------------------
       active record     1.563k i/100ms
            dry-data     7.460k i/100ms
-------------------------------------------------
       active record     16.921k (± 2.8%) i/s -     85.965k
            dry-data     94.894k (± 3.6%) i/s -    477.440k

Comparison:
            dry-data:    94894.1 i/s
       active record:    16920.6 i/s - 5.61x slower