Typeclasses sample code

Json.scala

package fp.typeclasses

import org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils

sealed abstract class Json

object Json {
  type JField = (String, Json)

  case object JNull extends Json {
    override def toString: String = "null"
  }

  final case class JString(s: String) extends Json {
    override def toString: String = '"' + StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(s) + '"'
  }

  final case class JNumber(value: Double) extends Json {
    override def toString: String = value.toString
  }

  final case class JBool(value: Boolean) extends Json {
    override def toString: String = value.toString
  }

  final case class JObject(fields: List[JField]) extends Json {
    override def toString: String =
      fields
        .collect {
          case (key, value) if value != JNull =>
            """"%s":%s""".format(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava(key), value.toString)
        }
        .mkString("{", ",", "}")
  }

  final case class JArray(elems: List[Json]) extends Json {
    override def toString: String = elems.mkString("[", ",", "]")
  }

  def obj(fields: (String, Json)*): JObject = JObject(fields.toList)
  def arr(elems: Json*): JArray             = JArray(elems.toList)
}

Jsonable.scala

package fp.typeclasses

trait Jsonable[A] {
  def toJson(a: A): Json
}

object Jsonable {
  implicit val stringJsonable: Jsonable[String] = (s: String) => Json.JString(s)

  implicit val intJsonable: Jsonable[Int] = i => Json.JNumber(i.toDouble)

  implicit def listJsonable[A](implicit J: Jsonable[A]): Jsonable[List[A]] =
    elems => Json.JArray(elems.map(_.toJson))

  implicit def optionJsonable[A: Jsonable]: Jsonable[Option[A]] = {
    case None    => Json.JNull
    case Some(a) => a.toJson
  }

  implicit def mapJsonable[A: Jsonable]: Jsonable[Map[String, A]] =
    map => Json.JObject(map.mapValues(_.toJson).toList)

}

JsonOps.scala

package fp.typeclasses

final class JsonOps[A](val a: A) extends AnyVal {
  def toJson(implicit J: Jsonable[A]): Json = J.toJson(a)
}

package.scala

package fp

package object typeclasses {

  implicit def toJsonOps[A](a: A): JsonOps[A] = new JsonOps[A](a)
}

TypeclassesMain.scala

package fp.typeclasses

import scalaz.Scalaz._

object TypeclassesMain extends App {
  // 1. Jsonable[A]
  println("hello\nworld".toJson)
  println(List(1, 23, 48).toJson)
  println(List(EntityId("chat_message", "1"), EntityId("search", "XJ3")).toJson)
//  println(List("hello", EntityId("search", "XJ3")).toJson)
  println(some(3).toJson)
  println(none[Int].toJson)
  println(
    Map(
      "foo"  -> Some(List(1, 2)),
      "bar"  -> Some(List(3)),
      "buzz" -> None
    ).toJson
  )

  // 2. Typeclasses in the standard library: Num, Order
  println(List(1, 7, 3).sorted)
  println(List(EntityId("search", "XJ3"), EntityId("chat_message", "1")).sorted)

  def sumOld[N](nums: List[N])(implicit N: Numeric[N]): N = nums.foldLeft(N.zero)(N.plus)

  def sum[N](nums: List[N])(implicit N: Numeric[N]): N = {
    import N._
    nums.foldLeft(zero)(_ + _)
  }

  println(sum(List(1, 2, 3)))
  println(sum(List(1d, 2d, 3d)))
  println(sum(List(BigDecimal(0.3), BigDecimal(0.4))))
}

And then import it explicitly