State machine in < 100 lines of ruby. No guards. (could be implemented trivially)

state_machine.rb

module StateMachine
  def self.included(klass)
    klass.send(:extend, ClassMethods)
    klass.instance_eval do
      after_initialize :set_initial_state
    end
  end
 
  module ClassMethods
    def state_column
      'state'
    end
 
    def state(state, options = {})
      @initial_state ||= state
      @after_state_change ||= []
      @on_enter_state ||= HashWithIndifferentAccess.new
      @on_exit_state ||= HashWithIndifferentAccess.new
      @states ||= {}
      @states[state] = options
      from = options[:from] || @states.keys
      from.each do |from_state|
        define_method("#{state}!") do
          transition_to(state)
        end
        define_method("#{state}?") do
          is?(state)
        end
        define_method("transition_from_#{from_state}_to_#{state}") do
          on_exit_state = self.class.instance_variable_get("@on_exit_state")
          on_enter_state = self.class.instance_variable_get("@on_enter_state")
          if on_exit_state.try(:[], from_state)
            on_exit_state[from_state].each do |blk|
              instance_eval &blk
            end
          end
          send("#{state_column}=", state)
          if on_enter_state.try(:[], state)
            on_enter_state[state].each do |blk|
              instance_eval &blk
            end
          end
        end
      end
    end
 
    def on_enter_state(state, &block)
      h = instance_variable_get("@on_enter_state")
      h[state] ||= []
      h[state].push block
      instance_variable_set("@on_enter_state", h)
    end
 
    def on_exit_state(state, &block)
      h = instance_variable_get("@on_exit_state")
      h[state] ||= []
      h[state].push block
      instance_variable_set("@on_exit_state", h)
    end
 
    def after_state_change(*args, &block)
      @after_state_change.push block
    end
  end
 
  def state_column
    self.class.state_column
  end
 
  def set_initial_state
    current_value = send(state_column)
    if current_value.nil?
      send("#{state_column}=", self.class.instance_variable_get("@initial_state"))
    end
  end
 
  def is?(state)
    self.state.to_s == state.to_s
  end
 
  def can_transition_to?(new_state)
    states = self.class.instance_variable_get("@states")
    options = HashWithIndifferentAccess.new(states)[new_state]
    options.blank? || options[:from].include?(state)
  end
 
  def transition_to(new_state)
    old_state = state
    send("transition_from_#{old_state}_to_#{new_state}")
    save!
    self.class.instance_variable_get("@after_state_change").each do |blk|
      instance_exec(old_state, new_state, &blk)
    end
    self
  end
end

state_machine_test.rb

require 'test_helper'
require 'state_machine'
 
class StateMachineTest < ActiveSupport::TestCase
  setup do
    ActiveRecord::Migration.create_table "testtest" do |t|
      t.string :state
    end
    @klass = Class.new(ActiveRecord::Base) do
      self.table_name = 'testtest'
      include StateMachine
 
      state 'new'
      state 'wip', from: %w(new)
      state 'cancelled', from: %w(wip new)
      state 'done', from: %w(wip)
    end
  end
 
  test "state defaults to first state" do
    klass = @klass.new
    assert_equal 'new', klass.state
    assert klass.can_transition_to?('wip')
    assert klass.can_transition_to?(:wip)
    assert !klass.can_transition_to?(:done)
  end
 
  test "can override state column" do
    @klass.instance_eval do
      attr_accessor :task_state
      def state_column
        'task_state'
      end
    end
 
    klass = @klass.new
    assert_equal 'new', klass.task_state
  end
 
  test "on_enter_state" do
    @klass.instance_eval do
      attr_accessor :wipped
      on_enter_state :wip do
        self.wipped = true
      end
    end
    k = @klass.new
    k.wipped = false
    assert_equal false, k.wipped
    k.wip!
    assert_equal true, k.wipped
    assert_equal 'wip', k.state
  end
 
  test "transitioning to an invalid state throws an error" do
    assert_raises(NoMethodError) do
      @klass.new.done!
    end
  end
 
  test "multiple transitions" do
    [email protected]
    k.wip!
    k.done!
    assert_equal 'done', k.state
    assert k.is? 'done'
    assert k.is? :done
  end
 
  test "after_state_change" do
    @klass.instance_eval do
      attr_accessor :from_state, :to_state
 
      after_state_change do |from_state, to_state|
        self.from_state = from_state
        self.to_state = to_state
      end
    end
 
    [email protected]
    assert_equal nil, k.from_state
    assert_equal nil, k.to_state
 
    k.wip!
    assert_equal 'new', k.from_state
    assert_equal 'wip', k.to_state
 
    k.cancelled!
    assert_equal 'wip', k.from_state
    assert_equal 'cancelled', k.to_state
 
    assert_raises NoMethodError do
      k.wip!
    end
    # make sure it's unchanged:
    assert_equal 'wip', k.from_state
    assert_equal 'cancelled', k.to_state
 
  end
end

task.rb

# example usage.
class Task < ApplicationModel
  has_many :state_histories
  scope :active, where(state: %w(new running paused deferred))
 
  include StateMachine
  state :new
  state :running, from: %w(new paused deferred)
  state :paused, from: %w(running)
  state :deferred, from: %w(new running paused deferred)
  state :completed, from: %w(new running paused deferred)
  state :closed, from: %w(new running paused deferred)
 
  after_state_change do |from_state, to_state|
    state_histories.create!(from_state: from_state, to_state: to_state)
  end
 
  on_enter_state :running do
    self.timer_started_at = Time.now.utc
  end
 
  on_exit_state :running do
    running_time = (Time.now.utc - timer_started_at).round
    time_logs.create!(task: self, seconds: running_time)
    self.timer_started_at = nil
  end
  #...
end