CRUD операції. веб інтерфейс

different files.py

# app / views.py:

from datetime import datetime
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.http import HttpRequest
from app.models import Author


def home(request):
    message = None # повідомлення про успіх/помилку

    # додавання автора
    if request.method == 'POST' and request.POST.get('action') == 'create':
        name       = request.POST.get('name', '').strip()
        birth_year = request.POST.get('birth_year', '').strip()
        rating     = request.POST.get('rating', '').strip()

        if name:
            Author.objects.create( # створюємо нового автора
                name=name,
                birth_year=int(birth_year) if birth_year else None,
                rating=float(rating) if rating else None,
            )
            message = f'Автора "{name}" додано!'
        else:
            message = 'Помилка: введіть ім\'я автора.'

    # оновлення автора
    elif request.method == 'POST' and request.POST.get('action') == 'update':
        author_id  = request.POST.get('author_id')
        name       = request.POST.get('name', '').strip()
        birth_year = request.POST.get('birth_year', '').strip()
        rating     = request.POST.get('rating', '').strip()

        try:
            author            = Author.objects.get(id=author_id)
            author.name       = name
            author.birth_year = int(birth_year) if birth_year else None
            author.rating     = float(rating) if rating else None
            author.save()
            message = f'Автора "{author.name}" оновлено!'
        except Author.DoesNotExist:
            message = 'Автора не знайдено.'

    # видалити автора
    elif request.method == 'POST' and request.POST.get('action') == 'delete':
        author_id = request.POST.get('author_id')
        try:
            author = Author.objects.get(id=author_id)
            name = author.name
            author.delete()
            message = f'Автора "{name}" видалено.'
        except Author.DoesNotExist:
            message = 'Автора не знайдено.'

    # отримання списку всіх авторів для відображення
    authors = Author.objects.all().order_by('id')

    return render(request, 'app/index.html', {
        'title': 'Автори',
        'year': datetime.now().year,
        'authors': authors,
        'message': message,
    })

###################################################################

def contact(request):
    assert isinstance(request, HttpRequest)
    return render(request, 'app/contact.html', {
        'title': 'Contact',
        'message': 'Your contact page.',
        'year': datetime.now().year,
    })


def about(request):
    assert isinstance(request, HttpRequest)
    return render(request, 'app/about.html', {
        'title': 'About',
        'message': 'Your application description page.',
        'year': datetime.now().year,
    })
  
=====================================================================================================================

app / templates / app / index.html:

{% extends "app/layout.html" %}

{% block content %}

<style>
    @import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Geologica:wght@300;400;500;600&family=Unbounded:wght@700&display=swap');

    :root {
        --bg: #0d0d0f;
        --surface: #16161a;
        --card: #1e1e24;
        --border: #2a2a32;
        --accent: #6c63ff;
        --accent2: #a78bfa;
        --green: #34d399;
        --red: #f87171;
        --text: #e8e8f0;
        --muted: #6b6b80;
        --radius: 10px;
    }

    .authors-page * {
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .authors-page {
        font-family: 'Geologica', sans-serif;
        background: var(--bg);
        color: var(--text);
        min-height: 100vh;
        padding: 40px 24px 80px;
    }

    .page-title {
        font-family: 'Unbounded', sans-serif;
        font-size: clamp(22px, 4vw, 36px);
        font-weight: 700;
        letter-spacing: -0.02em;
        margin-bottom: 6px;
        background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent2), var(--accent));
        -webkit-background-clip: text;
        -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
        background-clip: text;
    }

    .page-sub {
        color: var(--muted);
        font-size: 14px;
        margin-bottom: 36px;
        font-weight: 300;
    }

    .flash {
        padding: 12px 18px;
        border-radius: var(--radius);
        margin-bottom: 28px;
        font-size: 14px;
        font-weight: 500;
        border-left: 3px solid var(--green);
        background: rgba(52, 211, 153, 0.08);
        color: var(--green);
    }

    .add-card {
        background: var(--card);
        border: 1px solid var(--border);
        border-radius: var(--radius);
        padding: 28px 28px 24px;
        margin-bottom: 36px;
    }

    .card-label {
        font-size: 11px;
        font-weight: 600;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        letter-spacing: 0.12em;
        color: var(--accent2);
        margin-bottom: 18px;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        gap: 8px;
    }

    .card-label::after {
        content: '';
        flex: 1;
        height: 1px;
        background: var(--border);
    }

    .add-form-row {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr auto;
        gap: 12px;
        align-items: end;
    }

    @media (max-width: 640px) {
        .add-form-row {
            grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        }
    }

    .field-group {
        display: flex;
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 6px;
    }

    .field-group label {
        font-size: 11px;
        font-weight: 500;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        letter-spacing: 0.1em;
        color: var(--muted);
    }

    .field-group input {
        background: var(--surface);
        border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
        border-radius: 7px;
        padding: 10px 14px;
        font-family: 'Geologica', sans-serif;
        font-size: 14px;
        color: var(--text);
        outline: none;
        transition: border-color 0.2s;
        width: 100%;
    }

    .field-group input:focus {
        border-color: var(--accent);
    }

    .field-group input::placeholder {
        color: var(--muted);
    }

    .btn {
        display: inline-flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
        gap: 6px;
        padding: 10px 20px;
        border: none;
        border-radius: 7px;
        font-family: 'Geologica', sans-serif;
        font-size: 13px;
        font-weight: 600;
        cursor: pointer;
        transition: opacity 0.15s, transform 0.15s;
        white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .btn:hover {
        opacity: 0.85;
        transform: translateY(-1px);
    }

    .btn:active {
        transform: translateY(0);
    }

    .btn-add {
        background: var(--accent);
        color: #fff;
        padding: 10px 24px;
        align-self: flex-end;
    }

    .btn-save {
        background: var(--surface);
        color: var(--accent2);
        border: 1px solid var(--accent);
        font-size: 12px;
        padding: 7px 14px;
    }

    .btn-delete {
        background: transparent;
        color: var(--red);
        border: 1px solid rgba(248,113,113,0.35);
        font-size: 12px;
        padding: 7px 14px;
    }

    .btn-delete:hover {
        background: rgba(248,113,113,0.1);
        opacity: 1;
    }

    .table-card {
        background: var(--card);
        border: 1px solid var(--border);
        border-radius: var(--radius);
        overflow: hidden;
    }

    .table-header {
        padding: 18px 24px;
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }

    .table-header-title {
        font-size: 13px;
        font-weight: 600;
        color: var(--text);
        text-transform: uppercase;
        letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    }

    .count-badge {
        background: var(--surface);
        border: 1px solid var(--border);
        border-radius: 20px;
        padding: 3px 12px;
        font-size: 12px;
        font-family: monospace;
        color: var(--accent2);
    }

    table {
        width: 100%;
        border-collapse: collapse;
    }

    thead th {
        padding: 12px 20px;
        text-align: left;
        font-size: 10px;
        font-weight: 600;
        text-transform: uppercase;
        letter-spacing: 0.15em;
        color: var(--muted);
        background: var(--surface);
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    }

    tbody tr {
        border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
        transition: background 0.15s;
    }

    tbody tr:last-child {
        border-bottom: none;
    }

    tbody tr:hover {
        background: rgba(108, 99, 255, 0.04);
    }

    td {
        padding: 14px 20px;
        font-size: 14px;
        vertical-align: middle;
    }

    .id-cell {
        font-family: monospace;
        font-size: 12px;
        color: var(--muted);
        width: 50px;
    }

    .name-cell {
        font-weight: 500;
    }

    .num-cell {
        font-family: monospace;
        color: var(--muted);
    }

    .rating-cell {
        font-family: monospace;
        font-weight: 600;
        color: var(--accent2);
    }

    .actions-cell {
        width: 1%;
        white-space: nowrap;
    }

    .edit-form {
        display: flex;
        gap: 8px;
        align-items: center;
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }

    .edit-form input[type="text"],
    .edit-form input[type="number"] {
        background: var(--surface);
        border: 1.5px solid var(--border);
        border-radius: 6px;
        padding: 7px 10px;
        font-family: 'Geologica', sans-serif;
        font-size: 13px;
        color: var(--text);
        outline: none;
        transition: border-color 0.2s;
    }

    .edit-form input[type="text"] {
        width: 160px;
    }

    .edit-form input[type="number"] {
        width: 80px;
    }

    .edit-form input:focus {
        border-color: var(--accent);
    }

    .empty-state {
        padding: 64px 24px;
        text-align: center;
        color: var(--muted);
    }

    .empty-state .es-icon {
        font-size: 40px;
        margin-bottom: 12px;
    }

    .empty-state p {
        font-size: 14px;
    }

    .authors-page {
        margin-left: calc(-50vw + 50%);
        width: 100vw;
    }
</style>

<div class="authors-page">

    <div class="page-title">Автори</div>

    {% if message %}
    <div class="flash">✓ {{ message }}</div>
    {% endif %}

    <!-- форма додавання автора -->
    <div class="add-card">
        <div class="card-label">Додати нового автора</div>
        <form method="POST">
            {% csrf_token %}
            <input type="hidden" name="action" value="create">
            <div class="add-form-row">
                <div class="field-group">
                    <label>Імʼя *</label>
                    <input type="text" name="name" placeholder="Тарас Шевченко" required>
                </div>
                <div class="field-group">
                    <label>Рік народження</label>
                    <input type="number" name="birth_year" placeholder="1814">
                </div>
                <div class="field-group">
                    <label>Рейтинг (0–10)</label>
                    <input type="number" name="rating" step="0.1" min="0" max="10" placeholder="9.8">
                </div>
                <button type="submit" class="btn btn-add">+ Додати</button>
            </div>
        </form>
    </div>

    <!-- таблиця авторів -->
    <div class="table-card">
        <div class="table-header">
            <span class="table-header-title">Список авторів</span>
            <span class="count-badge">{{ authors|length }}</span>
        </div>

        {% if authors %}
        <table>
            <tbody>
                {% for author in authors %}
                <tr>
                    <td class="id-cell">#{{ author.id }}</td>
                    <td class="name-cell" colspan="3">
                        <form method="POST" class="edit-form">
                            {% csrf_token %}
                            <input type="hidden" name="action" value="update">
                            <input type="hidden" name="author_id" value="{{ author.id }}">
                            <input type="text" name="name" value="{{ author.name }}" placeholder="Імʼя" required>
                            <input type="number" name="birth_year" value="{{ author.birth_year|default:'' }}" placeholder="Рік">
                            <input type="number" name="rating" value="{{ author.rating|default:'' }}" placeholder="0.0" step="0.1" min="0" max="10">
                            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-save">Оновити дані</button>
                        </form>
                    </td>
                    <td class="actions-cell">
                        <form method="POST" onsubmit="return confirm('Видалити {{ author.name }}?')">
                            {% csrf_token %}
                            <input type="hidden" name="action" value="delete">
                            <input type="hidden" name="author_id" value="{{ author.id }}">
                            <button type="submit" class="btn btn-delete">Видалити</button>
                        </form>
                    </td>
                </tr>
                {% endfor %}
            </tbody>
        </table>

        {% else %}
        <div class="empty-state">
            <p>Авторів поки ще немає. Додайте першого!</p>
        </div>
        {% endif %}
    </div>

</div>
{% endblock %}