This worksheet provides a well-structured list of essential Git commands along with their descriptions and practical usage examples specifically for GitHub workflows.
| Command | Description | GitHub Usage Example |
|---|---|---|
git init |
Initializes a new Git repository. | git init inside a new project directory to start version control. |
git clone <repo_url> |
Clones an existing repository. | git clone https://github.com/user/repo.git to get a copy of a remote repo. |
git status |
Shows the working directory status. | Run git status to check which files are modified before committing. |
git add <file> |
Adds the specified file to the staging area. | git add README.md to stage the README file. |
git commit -m "Message" |
Commits the staged changes. | git commit -m "Added new feature" to save changes. |
git push origin <branch> |
Pushes local changes to the remote repository. | git push origin main to upload changes to GitHub. |
git pull origin <branch> |
Pulls and merges changes from the remote repository. | git pull origin main to update your local repo with the latest changes. |
git branch |
Lists available branches. | git branch to see all branches in the repository. |
git checkout <branch> |
Switches to the specified branch. | git checkout feature-branch to move to another branch. |
git merge <branch> |
Merges the specified branch into the current branch. | git merge develop to merge develop into your current branch. |
git rebase <branch> |
Reapplies commits on top of another base branch. | git rebase main to integrate changes from main interactively. |
git stash |
Temporarily saves changes in the working directory. | git stash to store uncommitted changes without committing. |
git stash pop |
Restores the stashed changes. | git stash pop to retrieve saved changes. |
git log |
Displays the commit history. | git log --oneline to see a compact commit history. |
git reset --hard <commit_id> |
Resets the repository to a specific commit and discards changes. | git reset --hard HEAD~1 to undo the last commit. |
git revert <commit_id> |
Reverts a specific commit by creating a new commit. | git revert abc123 to undo a specific commit without deleting history. |
git fetch |
Retrieves changes from a remote repository but does not merge. | git fetch origin to see the latest changes before merging. |
git remote -v |
Lists remote repositories. | git remote -v to verify remote connections to GitHub. |
git tag <tag_name> |
Creates a new tag. | git tag v1.0 to create a version tag. |
git diff |
Shows changes between commits, branches, or the working directory. | git diff HEAD to see differences between last commit and working directory. |
git blame <file> |
Shows who modified each line in a file. | git blame main.js to see who last modified each line. |
git cherry-pick <commit_id> |
Applies a specific commit to the current branch. | git cherry-pick abc123 to apply changes from another commit. |
git rm <file> |
Removes a file from tracking in Git. | git rm old_file.txt to delete a file from the repository. |
git config --global user.name "Your Name" |
Sets the global username. | git config --global user.name "John Doe" to configure GitHub user settings. |
git config --global user.email "[email protected]" |
Sets the global email address. | git config --global user.email "[email protected]" for commit identity. |
git checkout -b <new_branch> |
Creates and switches to a new branch. | git checkout -b feature-branch to start working on a new feature. |
git restore <file> |
Restores a file to its last committed state. | git restore index.js to undo uncommitted changes in a file. |
git reset <file> |
Unstages a staged file. | git reset HEAD README.md to unstage a file before committing. |
This Git Worksheet provides a well-organized reference for common Git commands along with GitHub-related usage examples. Whether you are working on a personal project or collaborating in a team, these commands will help you efficiently manage your repositories.