log.cs

void Main()
{
    new Foo().Hoge();
}

public class Foo
{
    public void Hoge()
    {
        using (Log.Start(this))
        {
            Log.Write(Log.Caller(), "{0} {1} {2}", 12, 34, 56);
            new Bar().Fugo();
            Log.Write(Log.Caller(), "{0} {1} {2}", 78, 90, 12);
        }
    }
}

public class Bar
{
    public void Fugo()
    {
        using (Log.Start(this))
        {
            Log.Write(Log.Caller(), "{0} {1} {2}", 1, "foo", 2);
            Log.Write(Log.Caller(), "{0} {1} {2}", 2, "bar", 3);
            Log.Write(Log.Caller(), "{0} {1} {2}", 3, "baz", 4);
        }
    }
}

// Define other methods and classes here

public class Log
{
    internal class Disposable : IDisposable
    {
        private readonly object _obj;
        
        internal Disposable(object obj)
        {
            this._obj = obj;
        }
        
        public void Dispose()
        {
            if (((Stack<object>) CallContext.GetData("LoggingObjects")).Pop() != this._obj)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException();
            }
        }
    }
    
    public static IDisposable Start(object obj)
    {
        var stack = (Stack<object>) CallContext.GetData("LoggingObjects");
        if (stack == null)
        {
            stack = new Stack<object>();
            CallContext.SetData("LoggingObjects", stack);
        }
        stack.Push(obj);
        return new Disposable(obj);
    }
    
    public static void Write(string header, string format, params object[] args)
    {
        var obj = ((Stack<object>) CallContext.GetData("LoggingObjects")).Peek();
        Console.WriteLine(header + " " + format, args);
    }
    
    public static string Caller(
        [CallerFilePath] string callerFilePath = "",
        [CallerLineNumber] int callerLineNumber = 0,
        [CallerMemberName] string callerMemberName = "")
    {
        var obj = ((Stack<object>) CallContext.GetData("LoggingObjects")).Peek();
        return string.Format("{0}:{1} [{2}.{3}]", callerFilePath, callerLineNumber, obj.GetType().Name, callerMemberName);
    }
}