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/**
 * Calculates the minimum number of operations required to reduce
 * all elements in each query range [l, r] to zero.
 * 
 * In one operation, select two numbers and replace them with floor(a / 4) and floor(b / 4).
 * 
 * This solution groups numbers by their "division depth" — how many times
 * they must be divided by 4 before reaching 0 — and counts how many numbers
 * fall into each depth level.
 * 

tatsuyax25

/**
 * Determines the minimum number of operations needed to reduce num1 to 0.
 * Each operation subtracts (2^i + num2), where i ∈ [0, 60].
 * Returns -1 if it's impossible.
 *
 * @param {number} num1 - Starting value
 * @param {number} num2 - Fixed offset added to each power of 2
 * @return {number} - Minimum number of operations or -1
 */
var makeTheIntegerZero = function(num1, num2) {

tatsuyax25

/**
 * @param {number} x
 * @param {number} y
 * @param {number} z
 * @return {number}
 */
var findClosest = function(x, y, z) {
    // Calculate absolute distance from Person 1 to Person 3
    const distance1 = Math.abs(x - z);

tatsuyax25

/**
 * Counts the number of valid point pairs (i, j) such that:
 * - x[i] ≤ x[j]
 * - y[i] ≥ y[j]
 * - No other point between i and j has the same or higher y[j]
 *
 * @param {number[][]} points - Array of [x, y] coordinates
 * @return {number} - Number of valid pairs
 */
var numberOfPairs = function(points) {

tatsuyax25

/**
 * @param {number[][]} points
 * @return {number}
 */
var numberOfPairs = function(points) {
    let count = 0;

    // Step 1: Sort points by x ascending, then y descending
    // This ensures that for any point[i], all point[j] with j < i have x <= x[i]
    points.sort((a, b) => {

tatsuyax25

/**
 * @param {character[][]} board
 * @return {void} Do not return anything, modify board in-place instead.
 */
var solveSudoku = function(board) {
    const SIZE = 9;

    // Track used digits in rows, columns, and 3x3 boxes
    const row = Array.from({ length: SIZE }, () => Array(SIZE).fill(false));
    const col = Array.from({ length: SIZE }, () => Array(SIZE).fill(false));

tatsuyax25

/**
 * Validates a partially filled 9x9 Sudoku board.
 * Only filled cells are checked for rule violations.
 *
 * @param {character[][]} board - 2D array representing the Sudoku board
 * @return {boolean} - true if the board is valid, false otherwise
 */
var isValidSudoku = function(board) {
    // Set to track seen digits in rows, columns, and sub-boxes
    const seen = new Set();

tatsuyax25

/**
 * @param {number} n
 * @param {number} m
 * @return {number}
 */
var flowerGame = function(n, m) {
    // Count how many odd numbers are in [1, n]
    const oddX = Math.floor(n / 2) + (n % 2);   // e.g., 1, 3, 5...
    const evenX = Math.floor(n / 2);            // e.g., 2, 4, 6...

tatsuyax25

/**
 * @param {number[][]} grid
 * @return {number[][]}
 */
var sortMatrix = function(grid) {
    const n = grid.length;

    // Helper to extract a matrix starting at (row, col)
    function getMatrix(row, col) {
        const matrix = [];

tatsuyax25

/**
 * @param {number[][]} grid
 * @return {number}
 */
var lenOfVDiagonal = function(grid) {
    const n = grid.length;
    const m = grid[0].length;

    // Diagonal directions: ↘, ↙, ↖, ↗
    const DIRS = [