chrome_running.py

from AppKit import NSRunningApplication

print NSRunningApplication.runningApplicationsWithBundleIdentifier_("com.google.Chrome").count()

restart_chrome.m

#import <AppKit/AppKit.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  @autoreleasepool {
    [[NSWorkspace sharedWorkspace] openURLs:@[ [NSURL URLWithString:@"chrome://restart"] ]
                    withAppBundleIdentifier:@"com.google.Chrome"
                                    options:NSWorkspaceLaunchWithoutActivation
             additionalEventParamDescriptor:nil
                          launchIdentifiers:NULL];
  }
}

restart_chrome.py

from AppKit import NSWorkspace
from AppKit import NSWorkspaceLaunchWithoutActivation
from Foundation import NSURL

URL = NSURL.URLWithString_("chrome://restart")
workspace = NSWorkspace.sharedWorkspace()
workspace.openURLs_withAppBundleIdentifier_options_additionalEventParamDescriptor_launchIdentifiers_([URL], "com.google.Chrome", NSWorkspaceLaunchWithoutActivation, None, None)