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- grep :: search a file for a pattern
- sed :: stream editor
- cat :: concatenate and print files
- printf :: write formatted output
- tr :: translate characters
- xargs :: construct argument lists and invoke utility
- test :: evaluate expression
- cd :: change the working directory
- ls :: list directory contents
- mkdir :: make directories
- rm :: remove directory entries
- vi :: screen-oriented (visual) display editor
- diff :: compare two files
- jobs :: display status of jobs in the current session
- kill :: terminate or signal processes
- fg :: run jobs in the foreground
- chmod :: change the file modes
- alias :: define or display aliases
- unalias :: remove alias definitions
- awk :: pattern scanning and processing language
- echo :: write arguments to standard output
- cut :: cut out selected fields of each line of a file
- sort :: sort, merge, or sequence check text files
- head :: copy the first part of files
- tail :: copy the last part of a file
- more :: display files on a page-by-page basis
- pwd :: return working directory name
- df :: report free disk space
- du :: estimate file space usage
- find :: find files
- cp :: copy files
- mv :: move files
- rmdir :: remove directories
- dirname :: return the directory portion of a pathname
- basename :: return non-directory portion of a pathname
- tee :: duplicate standard input
- uniq :: report or filter out repeated lines in a file
- bc :: arbitrary-precision arithmetic language
- c99 :: compile standard C programs
- cksum :: write file checksums and sizes
- expr :: evaluate arguments as an expression
- read :: read a line from standard input
- sh :: shell, the standard command language interpreter
- sleep :: suspend execution for an interval
- time :: time a simple command
- true :: return true value
- false :: return false value
- wc :: word, line, and byte or character count
- csplit :: split files based on context
- dd :: convert and copy a file
- patch :: apply changes to files
- expand :: convert tabs to spaces
- file :: determine file type
- iconv :: codeset conversion
- ln :: link files
- mkfifo :: make FIFO special files
- nl :: line numbering filter
- od :: dump files in various formats
- pax :: portable archive interchange
- touch :: change file access and modification times
- compress :: compress data
- uncompress :: expand compressed data
- zcat :: expand and concatenate data
- at :: execute commands at a later time
- date :: write the date and time
- bg :: run jobs in the background
- fuser :: list process IDs of all processes that have one or more files open
- chgrp :: change the file group ownership
- chown :: change the file ownership
- crontab :: schedule periodic background work
- id :: return user identity
- ps :: report process status
- uname :: return system name
- type :: write a description of command type
- nohup :: invoke a utility immune to hangups
- wait :: await process completion
- who :: display who is on the system