While building a filter for a WSPR beacon, I noticed that the primary inductor in the circuit behaved as if it had more inductance than expected.
To learn more about what was happening, I built a test jig made up of a single 180pf SMD capacitor with two SMA connectors and used a vector network analyzer (VNA) to measure the resonant frequency of test coils to determine their effective inductance. This gave me enough data to derive an empirical formula