Didn't find much on offer at community.rstudio.com
There were a couple of reports of success installing RStudio
https://community.rstudio.com/t/installing-rstudio-on-pixelbook-crostini-note/19905
Ubuntu can be installed as a side-by-side OS
https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/install-ubuntu-on-chromebook#1-overview
With Ubuntu, you get the ability to use the r2u package, which will download and install basically all CRAN and 230 bioconductor repos in binary with all the dependencies resolved.
That's still a lot of potential hand-holding needed, though. Maybe a docker-based approach is more feasible. https://github.com/rocker-org/rocker That way you only need to handle the relatively simple docker install https://colinfay.me/docker-r-reproducibility/