Assuming you've got the Android SDK installed and your device is attached via ADB to your computer, we should be able to filter out the output from 'logcat' to only show logs from your Unity application! This works seamlessly with all of your existing "Debug.Log("hotdog");" calls!
Open up a terminal and type:
adb logcat -s Unity
Now watch your Unity-related debug messages pour into your terminal!
adb shell 'pm list packages -f' | sed -e 's/.*=//' | sort
Just outputs a listing of every single installed package on the device. Mildly useful.