An example of synchronous-CFG derivation.

scfg-derivation.pdf

scfg-derivation.tex

% works only for XeLaTeX and tikz-qtree.
\documentclass{beamer}
\usefonttheme[onlymath]{serif}

\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{tikz-qtree}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}

\usepackage{amssymb,amsmath}

\usepackage{zxjatype}
\setjamainfont[Scale=0.8]{Hiragino Kaku Gothic Pro W3}
\setmainfont[Mapping=tex-text,Scale=MatchLowercase]{Times}
\setsansfont[Scale=MatchLowercase]{Helvetica}
\usepackage{xltxtra}

\setbeamertemplate{navigation symbols}{} %no nav symbols

\newcommand{\mybox}[1]{{\setlength{\fboxsep}{0.5pt}\fbox{\tiny #1}}}
\newcommand{\NT}[1]{\textrm{X}$_{\mybox{#1}}$}

\begin{document}

\begin{frame}
  \begin{center}
    \begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
      \tikzstyle{rule}=[angle 60-angle 60,dotted,draw=gray]
      \begin{scope}
        \Tree [.\node (Xs1) {\NT{1}}; [.\node (Xs2) {\NT{2}}; \node (e1) {she}; ]
        [.\node (Xs3) {\NT{3}}; \node (e2) {broke};
        [.\node (Xs4) {\NT{4}}; [.\node (Xs5) {\NT{5}}; \node (e3) {the school}; ] [.\node (Xs6) {\NT{6}}; \node (e4) {windows}; ] ] ] ]
      \end{scope}
      %
      \begin{scope}[xshift=7cm]
        \Tree [.\node (Xt1) {\NT{1}}; [.\node (Xt2) {\NT{2}}; \node (ja1) {彼女は}; ]
        [.\node (Xt3) {\NT{3}}; [.\node (Xt4) {\NT{4}}; [.\node (Xt5) {\NT{5}}; \node (ja2) {学校の}; ] [.\node (Xt6) {\NT{6}}; \node (ja3) {窓ガラスを}; ] ]
        \node (ja4) {割った}; ] ]
      \end{scope}
      %
      \begin{scope}
        \draw[rule] (Xs1) .. controls +(north:4) and +(north:4) .. (Xt1);
        \draw[rule] (Xs2) .. controls +(north:4) and +(north:4) .. (Xt2);
        \draw[rule] (Xs3) .. controls +(north:5) and +(north:5) .. (Xt3);
        \draw[rule] (Xs4) .. controls +(north:5) and +(north east:4) .. (Xt4);
        \draw[rule] (Xs5) .. controls +(north:5) and +(north:5) .. (Xt5);
        \draw[rule] (Xs6) .. controls +(north:5) and +(north:6) .. (Xt6);
      \end{scope}
    \end{tikzpicture}
  \end{center}
\end{frame}

\end{document}

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