Backup Sript

backup.conf.sh

# Backup Duration: How old a backup can be before a new one is triggered (in days)
BACKUP_DURATION=5

# Base backup location (will create a folder named by hostname)
BACKUP_LOCATION="/mnt/backups/$(hostname)"

# Backup sources (identifier and path)
BACKUP_BACKUPS=(
  "myhome $HOME"
  # "identifier" "/path/to/other/folder"
)

# Folders to exclude from backup
BACKUP_EXCLUDES=(
  "myhome /Downloads"
  "myhome /.cache"
  # "identifier" "exclude pattern"
)

# Backup options for each source (incremental, keep, or versioned)
BACKUP_OPTIONS=(
  "myhome incremental"
  # "identifier" "space separated options"
)

# Compress specific paths in the backup (not incremental or versioned)
BACKUP_COMPRESSION=(
  "myhome .config/vivaldi"
  # "identifier" "relative/path"
)

# RAID metadata to backup (list of md devices, e.g., "md0")
BACKUP_RAID_META=(
#  "md0"
)

# Commands to mount necessary drives before backup (optional)
BACKUP_MOUNT_BEFORE=(
  # "mount -t ntfs /dev/sdX /mnt"
)

rbackup

#!/bin/bash 

# Load the config file                                                          
source ~/.config/backup.conf.sh

# Default values
FORCE_BACKUP=false
DRY_RUN=false
VERBOSE=false
LIST_BACKUPS=false
SPECIFIC_BACKUP=""

# Function to display usage
usage() {
    echo "Usage: rbackup [options] [<backup>]"
    echo "  <backup>       Backup only this part (optional; will not update timestamp)"
    echo "Options:"
    echo "  --force, -f    Ignore backup timestamp and don't ask"
    echo "  --dry-run, -n  Simulate backup without copying files"
    echo "  --verbose, -v  Show detailed output"
    echo "  --list, -l     List available backups"
    echo "  --help, -h     Show this help message"
    exit 0
}

# Parse command-line arguments
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
    case "$1" in
        --force|-f)
            FORCE_BACKUP=true
            ;;
        --dry-run|-n)
            DRY_RUN=true
            ;;
        --verbose|-v)
            VERBOSE=true
            ;;
        --list|-l)
            LIST_BACKUPS=true
            ;;
        --help|-h)
            usage
            ;;
        *)
            SPECIFIC_BACKUP="$1"
            ;;
    esac
    shift
done

# If --list is used, show available backups and exit
if [ "$LIST_BACKUPS" = true ]; then
    echo "Available backups:"
    for ITEM in "${BACKUP_BACKUPS[@]}"; do
        IDENTIFIER=$(echo "$ITEM" | /usr/bin/cut -d ' ' -f 1)
        echo "  - $IDENTIFIER"
    done
    exit 0
fi

# Define the backup file to check the last backup date                          
BACKUP_FILE="$BACKUP_LOCATION/.backup"

# Check if the last backup exists and is not too old, unless forced
if [ "$FORCE_BACKUP" = false ] && [ -f "$BACKUP_FILE" ]; then                                                  
    LAST_BACKUP=$(cat "$BACKUP_FILE")                                           
    LAST_BACKUP_DATE=$(/usr/bin/date -d "$LAST_BACKUP" +%s)                              
    CURRENT_DATE=$(/usr/bin/date +%s)                                                    
    DAYS_SINCE_LAST_BACKUP=$(( (CURRENT_DATE - LAST_BACKUP_DATE) / 86400 ))     

    if [ "$DAYS_SINCE_LAST_BACKUP" -lt "$BACKUP_DURATION" ]; then               
        echo "Last backup was $DAYS_SINCE_LAST_BACKUP days ago. No backup needed."
        exit 0                                                                  
    fi                                                                          
fi                                                                              

# Ask the user if they want to start a backup now (unless forced)
if [ "$FORCE_BACKUP" = false ]; then
    if ! zenity --question --title="Backup" --text="Do you want to start a backup now?" --default-cancel; then
        echo "Backup cancelled by user."
        exit 1
    fi
fi

# Mount necessary drives (optional)
for MOUNT_CMD in "${BACKUP_MOUNT_BEFORE[@]}"; do                                
    eval "$MOUNT_CMD"                                                           
done                                                                            

# Backup RAID metadata if necessary                                             
for RAID in "${BACKUP_RAID_META[@]}"; do                                        
    if [ -e "/dev/$RAID" ]; then                                                
        echo "Backing up RAID metadata: $RAID"                                  
        dd if="/dev/$RAID" of="$BACKUP_LOCATION/$(hostname)_$RAID.$(/usr/bin/date +%F).bin" bs=1M
    fi                                                                          
done

# Loop through each backup source
for ITEM in "${BACKUP_BACKUPS[@]}"; do
    IDENTIFIER=$(echo "$ITEM" | /usr/bin/cut -d ' ' -f 1)                                  
    BACKUP_PATH=$(echo "$ITEM" | /usr/bin/cut -d ' ' -f 2)  

    # If a specific backup is requested, skip others
    if [ -n "$SPECIFIC_BACKUP" ] && [ "$IDENTIFIER" != "$SPECIFIC_BACKUP" ]; then
        continue
    fi

    # Check for exclusions
    EXCLUDE_PATTERNS=""
    for EXCLUDE in "${BACKUP_EXCLUDES[@]}"; do
        EXCLUDE_ID=$(echo "$EXCLUDE" | /usr/bin/cut -d ' ' -f 1)
        EXCLUDE_PATH=$(echo "$EXCLUDE" | /usr/bin/cut -d ' ' -f 2)
        if [ "$EXCLUDE_ID" == "$IDENTIFIER" ]; then
            EXCLUDE_PATTERNS="$EXCLUDE_PATTERNS --exclude=$EXCLUDE_PATH"
        fi
    done
    
    # Check for compression config
    for COMPRESSION_ITEM in "${BACKUP_COMPRESSION[@]}"; do
        COMP_IDENTIFIER=$(echo "$COMPRESSION_ITEM" | /usr/bin/cut -d ' ' -f 1)
        COMPRESSION_PATH=$(echo "$COMPRESSION_ITEM" | /usr/bin/cut -d ' ' -f 2)

        if [ "$IDENTIFIER" == "$COMP_IDENTIFIER" ]; then
            TAR_FILE="$BACKUP_LOCATION/$IDENTIFIER-$(basename "$COMPRESSION_PATH").tar.gz"

            if [ "$DRY_RUN" = true ]; then
                echo "[DRY RUN] Would compress $COMPRESSION_PATH to $TAR_FILE"
            else
                echo "Compressing $COMPRESSION_PATH for $IDENTIFIER"
                # Check if pv is available for progress output
		if command -v pv &>/dev/null; then
		    tar -cf - -C "$BACKUP_PATH" "$COMPRESSION_PATH" | pv -s $(du -sb "$BACKUP_PATH/$COMPRESSION_PATH" | awk '{print $1}') | gzip > $TAR_FILE
		else
		    tar -czf $TAR_FILE -C "$BACKUP_PATH" "$COMPRESSION_PATH"
		fi
            fi

            EXCLUDE_PATTERNS="$EXCLUDE_PATTERNS --exclude=$COMPRESSION_PATH"
        fi
    done

    # Define rsync options
    OPTIONS=""
    for OPTION in "${BACKUP_OPTIONS[@]}"; do
        if [[ "$OPTION" == "$IDENTIFIER" ]]; then
            if [[ "$OPTION" == *"incremental"* ]]; then
                OPTIONS="$OPTIONS --link-dest=$BACKUP_LOCATION/$IDENTIFIER/previous"
            fi
            if [[ "$OPTION" == *"versioned"* ]]; then
                OPTIONS="$OPTIONS --backup --backup-dir=$BACKUP_LOCATION/$IDENTIFIER/versions"
            fi
        fi
    done

    # Perform the backup using rsync
    echo "Backing up $IDENTIFIER from $BACKUP_PATH"
    if [ "$DRY_RUN" = true ]; then
        echo "[DRY RUN] Would execute: /usr/bin/rsync -avh --progress $EXCLUDE_PATTERNS $OPTIONS \"$BACKUP_PATH/\" \"$BACKUP_LOCATION/$IDENTIFIER/\""
    else
    	/usr/bin/rsync -ah --info=progress2 $EXCLUDE_PATTERNS $OPTIONS "$BACKUP_PATH/" "$BACKUP_LOCATION/$IDENTIFIER/"
    fi
done

# Update the last backup date unless a specific backup was run or it's a dry run
if [ "$DRY_RUN" = false ] && [ -z "$SPECIFIC_BACKUP" ]; then
    /usr/bin/date "+%FT%T" > "$BACKUP_FILE"
fi

echo "Backup completed!"