Animations As Semiring

AnimationsAsSemiring.swift

import Foundation
import UIKit
import PlaygroundSupport

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MARK: - operators
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

precedencegroup MonoidComposePrecedence {
  associativity: left higherThan: AssignmentPrecedence lowerThan: AdditionPrecedence
}
precedencegroup SemiringMultiplicationPrecedence {
  associativity: left higherThan: NilCoalescingPrecedence, SemiringAdditionPrecedence
}
precedencegroup SemiringAdditionPrecedence {
  associativity: left
}

infix operator <+> : SemiringAdditionPrecedence
infix operator <*> : SemiringMultiplicationPrecedence
infix operator <> : MonoidComposePrecedence

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MARK: - Protocols
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

protocol Semigroup {
  static func <> (lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Self
}

protocol Monoid: Semigroup {
  static var empty: Self { get }
}

protocol Semiring {
  static func <+> (lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Self
  static func <*> (lhs: Self, rhs: Self) -> Self
  static var zero: Self { get }
  static var one: Self { get }
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MARK: - Typealias
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

typealias Endo<A> = (A) -> A
typealias AnimationMetaData = TimeInterval

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MARK: - Update
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

struct Update<T> {

  let update: Endo<T>

  @discardableResult
  func applyTo(_ t: T) -> T {
    return update(t)
  }

  init(_ s: @escaping Endo<T>) {
    update = s
  }

  init<V>(_ k: WritableKeyPath<T, V>, _ v: V) {
    update = { t in
      var tt = t
      tt[keyPath: k] = v
      return tt
    }
  }

  init<V>(_ k: KeyPath<T, V>, _ v: Update<V>) where V: UIView, T: UIView {
    update = { t in
      let tt = t
      v.applyTo(tt[keyPath: k])
      return tt
    }
  }

  init<V>(_ k: WritableKeyPath<T, V>, _ f: @escaping (V) -> V) {
    update = { t in
      var tt = t
      tt[keyPath: k] = f(t[keyPath: k])
      return tt
    }
  }

  init<V>(_ k: WritableKeyPath<T, V?>, _ f: @escaping (V) -> V) {
    update = { t in
      guard let v = t[keyPath: k] else { return t }
      var tt = t
      tt[keyPath: k] = f(v)
      return tt
    }
  }

  init<V>(_ k: WritableKeyPath<T, V?>, _ f: @escaping (V) -> () -> V) {
    update = { t in
      guard let v = t[keyPath: k] else { return t }
      var tt = t
      tt[keyPath: k] = f(v)()
      return tt
    }
  }

  init<V>(_ k: WritableKeyPath<T, V?>, _ f: @escaping () -> V) {
    update = { t in
      var tt = t
      tt[keyPath: k] = f()
      return tt
    }
  }

}

extension Update: Monoid {
  static var empty: Update {
    return Update({ $0 })
  }
  static func <> (lhs: Update, rhs: Update) -> Update {
    return Update { d in rhs.update(lhs.update(d)) }
  }
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MARK: - Operators
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

func ^ <T, V>(lhs: WritableKeyPath<T, V>, rhs: V) -> Update<T> {
  return Update(lhs, rhs)
}

/// This is a special case, we dont need a writable keypath
/// to step into a View. It's a reference type.
func ^ <T, V>(lhs: KeyPath<T, V>, rhs: Update<V>) -> Update<T> where V: UIView, T: UIView {
  return Update(lhs, rhs)
}

func ^ <T, V>(lhs: WritableKeyPath<T, V?>, rhs: @escaping (V) -> V) -> Update<T> {
  return Update(lhs, rhs)
}

func ^ <T, V>(lhs: WritableKeyPath<T, V?>, rhs: @escaping (V) -> () -> V) -> Update<T> {
  return Update(lhs, rhs)
}

func ^ <T, V>(lhs: WritableKeyPath<T, V?>, rhs: @escaping () -> V) -> Update<T> {
  return Update(lhs, rhs)
}

func ^ <T, V>(lhs: WritableKeyPath<T, V>, rhs: @escaping (V) -> V) -> Update<T> {
  return Update(lhs, rhs)
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MARK: - Styleable
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

protocol Styleable: class {}

extension UIView: Styleable {}

extension Styleable {

  func style(_ u: Update<Self>, animated: Bool = false) {
    if animated {
      UIView.animate(withDuration: 0.1) { [unowned self] in
        u.applyTo(self)
      }
      return
    }
    u.applyTo(self)
  }

  func animate(_ animation: Animation<Self>, _ callback: (() -> Void)? = nil) {
    animation.run(on: self, callback)
  }
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MARK: - Animation
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

func step<T: Styleable>(in time: Double = 0.3, _ u: Update<T>) -> Animation<T> {
  return Animation.step(u, time)
}

indirect enum Animation<V: Styleable>: Semiring {

  /// Three cases:
  /// - no: do nothing
  /// - of: a single animation
  /// - ofAnd: a animation and another one afterwards
  case no
  case step(Update<V>, AnimationMetaData)
  case steps(Update<V>, AnimationMetaData, Animation)

  /// Any animation can be destroyed
  static var zero: Animation {
    return .no
  }

  /// An nothing animation
  static var one: Animation {
    return .step(Update<V>.empty, 0)
  }

  /// Run the animation
  func run(on view: V, _ callback: (() -> Void)? = nil) {
    UIView.animate(view, self, callback)
  }

  /// Get the current Update
  var current: ((V) -> V)? {
    switch self {
    case let .steps(a, _, _),
         let .step(a, _):
      return a.update
    default:
      return nil
    }
  }

  /// Get the current duration
  var duration: TimeInterval {
    switch self {
    case let .steps(_, t, _),
         let .step(_, t):
      return t
    default: return 0
    }
  }

  /// Get the next Update
  var next: Animation? {
    switch self {
    case let .steps(_, _, n):
      return n
    default:
      return nil
    }
  }
}

/// Combine 2 Animations in parallel
func <+> <T>(lhs: Animation<T>, rhs: Animation<T>) -> Animation<T> {
  /// a: animation
  /// t: time
  /// n: next
  switch (lhs, rhs) {
  /// animation a + no = animation a
  case let (a, .no), let (.no, a):
    return a
  /// animation a + animation b = animation (a b)
  case let (.step(a1, n1), .step(a2, _)):
    return .step(a1 <> a2, n1)
  /// animation a ... + animation b = animation (a b) ...
  case let (.steps(a1, t1, n1), .step(a2, _)),
       let (.step(a1, t1), .steps(a2, _, n1)):
    return .steps(a1 <> a2, t1, n1)
  /// animation a ... + animation b ... = animation (a b) (... ...)
  case let (.steps(a1, t1, n1), .steps(a2, _, n2)):
    return .steps(a1 <> a2, t1, n1 <+> n2)
  }
}

/// Combine 2 Animations after each other
func <*> <T>(lhs: Animation<T>, rhs: Animation<T>) -> Animation<T> {
  /// a: animation
  /// t: time
  /// n: next
  switch (lhs, rhs) {
  /// animation a * no = no
  case (.no, _), (_, .no):
    return .no
  /// animation a * animation b = animation (a animation b)
  case let (.step(a1, t1), .step(a2, t2)):
    return .steps(a1, t1, .step(a2, t2))
  /// animation a ... * animation b = animation (a (... animation b))
  case let (.steps(a1, t1, n1), .step(a2, t2)):
    return .steps(a1, t1, n1 <*> .step(a2, t2))
  /// animation a * animation b ... = animation (a (animation b ...))
  case let (.step(a1, t1), .steps(a2, t2, n2)):
    return .steps(a1, t1, .steps(a2, t2, n2))
  /// animation a ... * animation b ... = animation (a ... (animation b ...))
  case let (.steps(a1, t1, n1), .steps(a2, t2, n2)):
    return .steps(a1, t1, n1 <*> .steps(a2, t2, n2))
  }
}

extension UIView {

  /// Animate an animation
  static func animate<V>(_ view: V,
                         _ animation: Animation<V>,
                         _ callback: (() -> Void)? = nil) {
    guard let current = animation.current else {
      callback?()
      return
    }
    let completion: (Bool) -> Void = { _ in
      guard let next = animation.next else {
        callback?()
        return
      }
      UIView.animate(view, next, callback)
    }
    UIView.animate(withDuration: animation.duration,
                   delay: 0,
                   options: [],
                   animations: { _ = current(view) },
                   completion: completion)
  }

}

// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// MARK: - Example
// --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

class Controller: UIViewController {

  let button1 = UIButton(frame: CGRect(x: 20, y: 20, width: 330, height: 100))
  let button2 = UIButton(frame: CGRect(x: 20, y: 140, width: 330, height: 100))
  let animatedView = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 20, y: 260, width: 330, height: 100))

  let scale: (CGFloat) -> CGAffineTransform = { CGAffineTransform(scaleX: $0, y: $0) }
  let rotate: (CGFloat) -> CGAffineTransform = { CGAffineTransform(rotationAngle: $0) }

  lazy var enlarge: Animation<UIView> =
    step(in: 0.5, \UIView.transform ^ scale(2)) <*>
    step(in: 2,   \.transform ^ rotate(45).concatenating(scale(1.5))) <*>
    step(in: 2,   \.transform ^ rotate(0).concatenating(scale(1.5))) <*>
    step(in: 0.5, \.transform ^ scale(1))

  let colorize: Animation<UIView> =
    step(\.backgroundColor ^ .blue) <*>
    .one <*>
    .one <*>
    step(\.backgroundColor ^ .black)

  override func viewDidLoad() {
    button1.setTitle("enlarge", for: .normal)
    button1.backgroundColor = .gray
    button1.addTarget(self, action: #selector(animate1), for: .touchUpInside)
    button2.setTitle("enlarge <+> colorize", for: .normal)
    button2.backgroundColor = .gray
    button2.addTarget(self, action: #selector(animate2), for: .touchUpInside)
    animatedView.backgroundColor = .black
    view.addSubview(button1)
    view.backgroundColor = .white
    view.addSubview(button2)
    view.addSubview(animatedView)
  }

  @objc func animate1(){
    animatedView.animate(enlarge)
  }
  @objc func animate2(){
    animatedView.animate(enlarge <+> colorize)
  }

}
PlaygroundPage.current.liveView = Controller()
PlaygroundPage.current.needsIndefiniteExecution = true