I found a way to run llama.cpp with GPU support on my 2019 Intel MacBook Pro, with the help of Vulkan.
Thanks to ollama/ollama#1016 (comment) an following comments which helped me find the right build flags.
First download MoltenVK-macos.tar (I used v1.3.0-rc1 at the time) from https://github.com/KhronosGroup/MoltenVK/releases
Not sure all these packages are required, but I ran brew install libomp vulkan-headers glslang molten-vk shaderc vulkan-loader.
You probably also need to install cmake and potentially other tools I already had installed on my system.
Then clone and build llama.cpp (replace /path/to/MoltenVK_macos with the actual path you have MoltenVK_macos):