Reboots cheap Aliexpress et. al. "box" cameras

camera-reboot.sh

#!/usr/bin/env bash
#
# reset_camera.sh
#
# Purpose:
#   A Bash script to log in to and reset a web camera.
#   To reset the camera, the script must first log in and then set appropriate
#   cookies and send the reboot subject and XML payload.
#
# Author: Troy Kelly
# Contact: troy@troykelly.com
# Code History:
#   - 2024-09-21: Initial version.
#
# Usage:
#   ./reset_camera.sh --host <hostname> --username <username> --password <password> [--timeout <timeout>]
#

set -euo pipefail

# Catch signals and perform cleanup
cleanup() {
  echo "An error occurred. Exiting." >&2
  exit 1
}
trap cleanup SIGINT SIGTERM SIGHUP ERR

# Default values
CAMERA_HOSTNAME=""
CAMERA_USERNAME=""
CAMERA_PASSWORD=""
ALIVE_TIMEOUT=15

# Camera URLs and payloads
CAMERA_LOGIN="login.html"
CAMERA_DO_LOGIN="/goform/formLogin"
CAMERA_SET="/action/set"
CAMERA_GET="/action/get"
CAMERA_SUBJECT_REBOOT="maintain"
CAMERA_PAYLOAD_REBOOT='<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><request><maintain><type>0</type></maintain></request>'

# Parse command line arguments
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
  case $1 in
    --host|-h)
      if [[ $# -gt 1 ]]; then
        CAMERA_HOSTNAME="$2"
        shift 2
      else
        echo "Error: --host requires a value" >&2
        exit 1
      fi
      ;;
    --username|-u)
      if [[ $# -gt 1 ]]; then
        CAMERA_USERNAME="$2"
        shift 2
      else
        echo "Error: --username requires a value" >&2
        exit 1
      fi
      ;;
    --password|-p)
      if [[ $# -gt 1 ]]; then
        CAMERA_PASSWORD="$2"
        shift 2
      else
        echo "Error: --password requires a value" >&2
        exit 1
      fi
      ;;
    --timeout|-t)
      if [[ $# -gt 1 ]]; then
        ALIVE_TIMEOUT="$2"
        shift 2
      else
        echo "Error: --timeout requires a value" >&2
        exit 1
      fi
      ;;
    *)
      echo "Unknown argument: $1" >&2
      exit 1
      ;;
  esac
done

# Check if the camera hostname is set
if [[ -z "$CAMERA_HOSTNAME" ]]; then
  echo "Error: Camera hostname not set" >&2
  exit 1
fi

# Check if the camera username is set
if [[ -z "$CAMERA_USERNAME" ]]; then
  echo "Error: Camera username not set" >&2
  exit 1
fi

# Check if the camera password is set
if [[ -z "$CAMERA_PASSWORD" ]]; then
  echo "Error: Camera password not set" >&2
  exit 1
fi

# Get the 'tid' value from the login URL
get_tid() {
  echo "Retrieving 'tid' value from the camera..." >&2

  local login_url="http://${CAMERA_HOSTNAME}/${CAMERA_LOGIN}"

  # Use curl to follow redirects and capture the final URL
  local final_url
  final_url=$(curl -s -I -L "${login_url}" -o /dev/null -w "%{url_effective}")

  if [[ -z "${final_url}" ]]; then
    echo "Error: Failed to retrieve the final URL" >&2
    exit 1
  fi

  # Extract 't' parameter from the final URL
  local tid
  tid=$(echo "${final_url}" | sed -n 's/.*[?&]t=\([^&]*\).*/\1/p')

  if [[ -z "${tid}" ]]; then
    echo "Error: Failed to extract 'tid' from the final URL" >&2
    exit 1
  else
    echo "Retrieved 'tid' value: ${tid}" >&2
  fi

  # Output the tid value to STDOUT
  echo "${tid}"
}

# Login to the camera
login() {
  echo "Logging into the camera..." >&2

  local tid="$1"

  local do_login_url="http://${CAMERA_HOSTNAME}${CAMERA_DO_LOGIN}"

  # Generate access value: lowercase MD5 of 'tid:password'
  local access_input="${tid}:${CAMERA_PASSWORD}"
  local access
  access=$(echo -n "${access_input}" | md5 | awk '{print $NF}' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')

  # Prepare POST data
  local login_payload="username=${CAMERA_USERNAME}&access=${access}&tid=${tid}"

  # Perform POST request to Do Login URL
  # Capture cookies from response
  local cookie_file
  cookie_file=$(mktemp)

  local response_code
  response_code=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" -c "${cookie_file}" --data "${login_payload}" "${do_login_url}")

  if [[ "${response_code}" != "200" ]]; then
    echo "Error: Login failed with response code ${response_code}" >&2
    rm -f "${cookie_file}"
    exit 1
  fi

  # Extract 'wsid' cookie from cookie file
  local wsid
  wsid=$(grep 'wsid' "${cookie_file}" | awk '{print $7}')

  if [[ -z "${wsid}" ]]; then
    echo "Error: Failed to extract 'wsid' from cookies" >&2
    rm -f "${cookie_file}"
    exit 1
  else
    echo "Login successful. wsid: ${wsid}" >&2
  fi

  # Clean up cookie file
  rm -f "${cookie_file}"

  # Output the wsid value to STDOUT
  echo "${wsid}"
}

# Reboot the camera
reboot_camera() {
  echo "Initiating camera reboot..." >&2

  local wsid="$1"

  # Generate bvpassword: lowercase MD5 of password
  local bvpassword
  bvpassword=$(echo -n "${CAMERA_PASSWORD}" | md5 | awk '{print $NF}' | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')

  # Prepare cookies
  local cookies
  cookies="bvusername=${CAMERA_USERNAME}; bvpassword=${bvpassword}; bvlanguage=English; wsid=${wsid}"

  # Prepare referer
  local nonce_value
  nonce_value=$(( RANDOM % 653700 + 800 ))
  local referer="http://${CAMERA_HOSTNAME}/nonce.html?slce=${nonce_value}"

  # Prepare the URL
  local reboot_url="http://${CAMERA_HOSTNAME}${CAMERA_SET}?subject=${CAMERA_SUBJECT_REBOOT}"

  # Perform POST request with XML payload and subject querystring
  local response_code
  response_code=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" \
    --cookie "${cookies}" \
    --header "Referer: ${referer}" \
    --header "Content-Type: application/xml" \
    --data "${CAMERA_PAYLOAD_REBOOT}" \
    "${reboot_url}")

  if [[ "${response_code}" != "200" ]]; then
    echo "Error: Reboot failed with response code ${response_code}" >&2
    exit 1
  fi

  echo "Camera rebooted successfully." >&2
}

# Main function
main() {
  # Get the 'tid' value from the login URL
  local tid
  tid="$(get_tid)"

  # Login to the camera and get wsid
  local wsid
  wsid="$(login "${tid}")"

  # Reboot the camera
  reboot_camera "${wsid}"
}

# Run main function
main