crack_code.js

const problem = {
	operators: {
		has: (possibility, numbers, has) => possibility.reduce((acc, cur) => numbers.includes(cur) ? acc + 1 : acc, 0) === has,
		rightPlace: (possibility, numbers) => possibility.some(x => possibility.indexOf(x) === numbers.indexOf(x)),
	},
	possibilities: Array.from(Array(1000).keys()).map(x => x.toString().padStart(3, '0').split('').map(x => parseInt(x))),
	sets: [
		{ numbers: [6, 9, 0], has: 1, rightPlace: true }, // One number is correct and right place
		{ numbers: [7, 4, 1], has: 1, rightPlace: false }, // One number is correct but wrong place
		{ numbers: [5, 0, 4], has: 2, rightPlace: false }, // Two numbers are correct but wrong place
		{ numbers: [3, 8, 7], has: 0, rightPlace: false }, // Nothing is correct
		{ numbers: [2, 1, 9], has: 1, rightPlace: false }, // One number is correct but wrong place
	]
};

let possibilities = problem.possibilities;

problem.sets.forEach(set => {
	possibilities = possibilities
		.filter(possibility => problem.operators.has(possibility, set.numbers, set.has))
		.filter(possibility => problem.operators.rightPlace(possibility, set.numbers) === set.rightPlace);
})

console.log(possibilities);

and some joke

const problem = `Has one number of 690 in the right place
Has one number of 741 in the wrong place
Has two numbers of 504 in the wrong place
Has no numbers of 387 in the wrong place
Has one number of 219 in the wrong place`;

const numberMap = {
	"no": 0,
	"one": 1,
	"two": 2,
}

const regex = new RegExp(`^Has (.*) number[s]? of (\\d+) in the (.*) place$`, 'gm');

let possibilities = Array.from(Array(1000).keys()).map(x => x.toString().padStart(3, '0').split('').map(x => parseInt(x)));

while (null != (match = regex.exec(problem))) {
	[, has, set, place] = match;
	set = set.split('').map(x => parseInt(x));

	possibilities = possibilities
		.filter(possibility => possibility.reduce((acc, cur) => set.includes(cur) ? acc + 1 : acc, 0) === numberMap[has])
		.filter(possibility => possibility.some(x => possibility.indexOf(x) === set.indexOf(x)) === (place === 'right'));
}

console.log(possibilities);