Enable Shared Folders on vmware Fusion 4.x, 5.x & 6.x (Linux Ubuntu 12.x as guest OS)

vmware_fusion_shared_folder.txt

Enable Shared Folders on vmware Fusion (4.x)+ (Example OS: Linux Ubuntu 12.x as guest OS)

1. First update your linux system:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y build-essential
sudo aptitude -y safe-upgrade

2. Reboot your system just in case you have a new kernel
sudo shutdown -r  now

3. Install the required headers if you have a new kernel (a MUST, as most problems are from headers mismatch)
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-`uname -r`

4. Virtual Machines -> Install VMware Tools

5. Mount the CD-ROM (step "0" has added a CDROM to /dev/cdromX)

sudo mkdir /mnt/cdrom
sudo mount /dev/cdrom(x) /mnt/cdrom  # (x) is the next avail. cdrom, choose highest number

Note: If for some reasons, you don't get /dev/cdrom(x), then just look into vmware fusion application directory
and look for a linux.iso. Double click on it and you should see a .tgz file. move the .tgz file to your Linux (scp)
and you are ready.

6. Copy VMWare Tools

cd /tmp
cp /mnt/cdrom/VMwareTools-<version>.tar.gz .
tar xzvf VMwareTools-<version>.tar.gz

7. Cancel VMware Tool Insallation

Bring your Linux vmware to focus
From the menu (VirtualMachines -> Cancel VMtool Installation)

8. Run VMWare Tools

sudo ./vmware-install.pl --default

Note: If you happend to have upgraded your kernal then just run this instead
sudo ./vmware-install.pl -d --clobber-kernel-modules=vmhgfs

9. Restart

sudo reboot

10. Verify

ls /mnt/hgfs/

Let's say you had a shared folder called Projects. (You can set Projects' permission on the VM's settings window)
Then you'd see /mnt/hgfs/Projects
Then in your home directory, simply do: ln -s /mnt/hgfs/Projects/ projects
Then in your home directory on Linux you'd have a projects directory.

11. Done! Now enabled shared folders will show up in /mnt/hgfs/

do you think that sometimes this http://superuser.com/questions/588304/no-mnt-hgfs-in-ubuntu-guest-under-vmware-fusion is needed? trying it right now

Never had to worry about anything other than the above.

@un33k thanks so much for this, you were totally right: (a MUST, as most problems are from headers mismatch)