Find missing links in an X.509 certificate chain.

linksmith.go

package main

import (
  "crypto/x509"
  _ "embed"
  "encoding/base64"
  "errors"
  "flag"
  "fmt"
  "io"
  "io/ioutil"
  "net/http"
  "os"
  "regexp"
  "runtime"
  "strings"
)

type Certificate struct {
  Store *x509.Certificate
}

func LoadCertFromDER(der []byte) (Certificate, error) {
  cert := Certificate { Store: nil }
  store, err := x509.ParseCertificate(der)

  if err != nil {
    return cert, err
  }

  cert.Store = store
  return cert, nil
}

func LoadCertFromPEM(pem string) (Certificate, error) {
  cert := Certificate { Store: nil }

  if ! strings.HasPrefix(pem, "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----") {
    return cert, errors.New("invalid certificate header")
  } else if ! strings.HasSuffix(pem, "-----END CERTIFICATE-----") {
    return cert, errors.New("invalid certificate footer")
  }

  encoded := strings.Split(pem, "\n")
  data := strings.Join(encoded[1:len(encoded) - 1], "\n")
  bytes, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(data)

  if err != nil {
    return cert, err
  }

  store, err := x509.ParseCertificate(bytes)

  if err != nil {
    return cert, err
  }

  cert.Store = store
  return cert, nil
}

func (cert Certificate) ToPEM() string {
  pem_export := "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"
  encoded := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(cert.Store.Raw)
  idx := 0

  for idx < len(encoded) {
    if idx + 64 < len(encoded) {
      pem_export += encoded[idx:idx + 64] + "\n"
    } else {
      pem_export += encoded[idx:] + "\n"
    }

    idx += 64
  }

  pem_export += "-----END CERTIFICATE-----"
  return pem_export
}

func (cert Certificate) IsSelfSigned() bool {
  err := cert.Store.CheckSignatureFrom(cert.Store)
  return err == nil
}

func (cert Certificate) IsRoot() bool {
  return cert.IsSelfSigned() && cert.Store.IsCA
}

func (cert Certificate) IsIntermediate() bool {
  err := cert.Store.CheckSignatureFrom(cert.Store)
  return err == nil && cert.Store.IsCA
}

func (cert Certificate) IsLeaf() bool {
  if cert.Store.IsCA {
    return false
  }

  allowed_uses := []x509.ExtKeyUsage {
    x509.ExtKeyUsageAny, x509.ExtKeyUsageServerAuth,
    x509.ExtKeyUsageClientAuth,
  }

  for _, use := range cert.Store.ExtKeyUsage {
    good_use := false

    for _, allowed := range allowed_uses {
      if use == allowed {
        good_use = true
      }
    }

    if ! good_use {
      return false
    }
  }

  return true
}

func (cert Certificate) GetHTTPAuthorityURL() (string, bool) {
  for _, url := range cert.Store.IssuingCertificateURL {
    if strings.HasPrefix(url, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(url, "https://") {
      return url, true
    }
  }

  return "", false
}

func (cert Certificate) Parent(parent Certificate) bool {
  return cert.Store.CheckSignatureFrom(parent.Store) == nil
}

type CertificateChain struct {
  Certificates []Certificate
  Leaf, Root *Certificate
}

func LoadCertsFromPEM(pem string) (CertificateChain, error) {
  chain := CertificateChain {
    Certificates: []Certificate { }, Leaf: nil, Root: nil,
  }

  parser, err := regexp.Compile("-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\r?\n([A-Za-z0-9/+=\r\n]+)\r?\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----")

  if err != nil {
    return chain, err
  }

  matches := parser.FindAllStringSubmatch(string(pem), -1)

  for _, match := range matches {
    cert, err := LoadCertFromPEM(match[0])

    if err != nil {
      return chain, err
    }

    chain.Certificates = append(chain.Certificates, cert)
    chain.Root = &chain.Certificates[len(chain.Certificates) - 1]
  }

  if len(chain.Certificates) == 0 {
    return chain, errors.New("no certificates found")
  }

  chain.Leaf = &chain.Certificates[0]
  return chain, nil
}

//go:embed roots.pem
var BAKED_IN_ROOTS string

func LoadSystemStore() (CertificateChain, error) {
  cert_path := ""

  if path, has := os.LookupEnv("SSL_CERT_FILE"); has {
    cert_path = path
  } else if runtime.GOOS == "linux" {
    cert_path = "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt"
  } else if runtime.GOOS == "darwin" {
    cert_path = "/etc/ssl/cert.pem"
  }

  if cert_path == "" {
    return LoadCertsFromPEM(BAKED_IN_ROOTS)
  }

  pem, err := os.ReadFile(cert_path)

  if err != nil {
    return CertificateChain { }, err
  }

  return LoadCertsFromPEM(string(pem))
}

func (chain CertificateChain) ToPEM() string {
  pem_export := ""

  for _, link := range chain.Certificates {
    pem_export += link.ToPEM() + "\n"
  }

  return pem_export
}

func (chain *CertificateChain) Prepend(cert Certificate) {
  chain.Certificates = append([]Certificate { cert }, chain.Certificates...)
  chain.Leaf = &chain.Certificates[0]
}

func (chain *CertificateChain) Append(cert Certificate) {
  chain.Certificates = append(chain.Certificates, cert)
  chain.Root = &chain.Certificates[len(chain.Certificates) - 1]
}

func (chain CertificateChain) IsLinked() bool {
  for idx, link := range chain.Certificates[1:] {
    err := chain.Certificates[idx].Store.CheckSignatureFrom(link.Store)

    if err != nil {
      return false
    }
  }

  return true
}

func (chain CertificateChain) IsComplete(test_links ...bool) bool {
  if len(test_links) > 0 && test_links[0] {
    return chain.Root.IsRoot() && chain.Leaf.IsLeaf() && chain.IsLinked()
  } else {
    return chain.Root.IsRoot() && chain.Leaf.IsLeaf()
  }
}

func (chain CertificateChain) Links() int {
  return len(chain.Certificates)
}

func main() {
  has_sys_pool := true
  sys_pool, err := LoadSystemStore()

  if err != nil {
    fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "error: unable to load system pool: %s\n", err)
    has_sys_pool = false
  }

  flag.Parse()
  args := flag.Args()

  for _, arg := range args {
    pem, err := os.ReadFile(arg)

    if err != nil {
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: error: %s\n", arg, err)
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: skipping file...\n", arg)
      continue
    }

    chain, err := LoadCertsFromPEM(string(pem))

    if err != nil {
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: error: %s\n", arg, err)
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: skipping file...\n", arg)
      continue
    } else if chain.Leaf.IsSelfSigned() {
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: certificate is self-signed\n", arg)
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: skipping file...\n", arg)
      continue
    } else if ! chain.IsLinked() {
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: error: certificates do not form a chain\n", arg)
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: skipping file...\n", arg)
      continue
    }

    for ! chain.Root.IsRoot() {
      found_link := false
      aia_url, found_url := chain.Root.GetHTTPAuthorityURL()

      if found_url {
        res, err := http.Get(aia_url)

        if err != nil {
          fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: error: %s\n", arg, err)

          if ! has_sys_pool {
            fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: attempting alternate chain discovery methods\n", arg)
          }
        } else {
          cert_data, err := io.ReadAll(res.Body)

          if err != nil {
            fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: error: %s\n", arg, err)

            if ! has_sys_pool {
              fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: attempting alternate chain discovery methods\n", arg)
            }
          } else {
            cert := Certificate { Store: nil }
            mime := "der"

            switch res.Header.Get("content-type") {
            case "application/pkix-cer": mime = "der"
            case "application/pkix-cert": mime = "der"
            case "application/x-x509-ca-cert": mime = "der"
            case "application/x-pem-file": mime = "pem"
            }

            if strings.HasSuffix(aia_url, ".der") || mime == "der" {
              link, err := LoadCertFromDER(cert_data)

              if err != nil {
                fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: error: %s\n", arg, err)

                if ! has_sys_pool {
                  fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: attempting alternate chain discovery methods\n", arg)
                }
              } else {
                cert = link
                found_link = true
              }
            } else if strings.HasSuffix(aia_url, ".pem") || mime == "pem" {
              link, err := LoadCertFromPEM(string(cert_data))

              if err != nil {
                fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: error: %s\n", arg, err)

                if ! has_sys_pool {
                  fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: attempting alternate chain discovery methods\n", arg)
                }
              } else {
                cert = link
                found_link = true
              }
            }

            if found_link {
              chain.Append(cert)
            } else {
              fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: unable to determine link file type\n", arg)

              if ! has_sys_pool {
                fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: attempting alternate chain discovery methods\n", arg)
              }
            }
          }

          res.Body.Close()
        }
      }

      if ! found_link && has_sys_pool {
        for _, sys_cert := range sys_pool.Certificates {
          if chain.Root.Parent(sys_cert) {
            chain.Append(sys_cert)
            found_link = true
            break
          }
        }
      }

      if ! found_link {
        break
      }
    }

    if chain.IsComplete(true) {
      file, err := ioutil.TempFile("", "*-chain.pem")

      if err != nil {
        fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: error: %s\n", arg, err)
        fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: skipping file...\n", arg)
      } else {
        if _, err := file.Write([]byte(chain.ToPEM())); err != nil {
          fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: error: %s\n", arg, err)
          fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: skipping file...\n", arg)
        } else {
          fmt.Printf("%s: complete chain has been saved to %s\n", arg, file.Name())
        }

        file.Close()
      }
    } else {
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: unable to determine next link in chain\n", arg)
      fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s: skipping file...\n", arg)
    }
  }
}

roots.pem

-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDxTCCAq2gAwIBAgIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQsFADCBgzELMAkGA1UEBhMCVVMx
EDAOBgNVBAgTB0FyaXpvbmExEzARBgNVBAcTClNjb3R0c2RhbGUxGjAYBgNVBAoT
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4uJEvlz36hz1
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIDxTCCAq2gAwIBAgIQAqxcJmoLQJuPC3nyrkYldzANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQUFADBs
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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIFazCCA1OgAwIBAgIRAIIQz7DSQONZRGPgu2OCiwAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQELBQAw
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-----END CERTIFICATE-----
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
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