Deployment Guide for Ubuntu Server from Scratch with Laravel

title	keywords	description	date	tags	permalink	img	author	authorlink
Setting Up Laravel in Ubuntu / DigitalOcean	servers, laravel, coderstape, coder's tape	Let's take a look at settting up a server from scratch for Laravel.	April 1, 2019	servers, laravel	setting-up-laravel-in-ubuntu-digitalocean	https://coderstape.com/storage/uploads/GZTXUbyGum2xeUZM9qBD5aPv8EKLwG3C8RGcRon4.jpeg	Victor Gonzalez	https://github.com/vicgonvt

In this post, we are looking at the steps necessary to create an Ubuntu droplet in DigitalOcean from scratch. This is the companion guide to the video series in Laravel 5.8 from scrath. Follow along with those to get the video guide.

Part 1 https://coderstape.com/lesson/112-deployment-basic-server-setup-part-1

Part 2 https://coderstape.com/lesson/113-deployment-basic-server-setup-part-2

Part 3 https://coderstape.com/lesson/114-deployment-basic-server-setup-part-3

Getting Started

Create droplet with Ubuntu 18.10
ssh root@[DROPLET IP ADDRESS]
Get password from your email
Change password on first login
adduser laravel
Enter password and other information
usermod -aG sudo laravel

Locking Down to SSH Key only (Extremely Important)

In your local machine, ssh-keygen
Generate a key, if you leave passphrase blank, no need for password
ls ~/.ssh to show files in local machine
Get the public key, cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
Copy it
cd ~/.ssh and vim authorized_keys
Paste key
Repeat steps for laravel user
su laravel then mkdir ~/.ssh fix permissions chmod 700 ~/.ssh
vim ~/.ssh/authorized_keys and paste key
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys to restrict this from being modified
exit to return to root user

Disable Password from Server

sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Find PasswordAuthentication and set that to no
Turn on PubkeyAuthentication yes
Turn off ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
Reload the SSH service sudo systemctl reload sshd
Test new user in a new tab to prevent getting locked out

Setting Up Firewall

View all available firewall settings
sudo ufw app list
Allow on OpenSSH so we don't get locked out
sudo ufw allow OpenSSH
Enable Firewall
sudo ufw enable
Check the status
sudo ufw status

Install Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP

Nginx

sudo apt update enter root password
sudo apt install nginx enter Y to install
sudo ufw app list For firewall
sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTP' to add NGINX
sudo ufw status to verify change
Visit server in browser

MySQL

sudo apt install mysql-server enter Y to install
sudo mysql_secure_installation to run automated securing script
Press N for VALIDATE PASSWORD plugin
Set root password
Remove anonymous users? Y
Disallow root login remotely? N
Remove test database and access to it? Y
Reload privilege tables now? Y
sudo mysql to enter MySQL CLI
SELECT user,authentication_string,plugin,host FROM mysql.user; to verify root user's auth method
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'STRONG_PASSWORD_HERE'; to set a root password
SELECT user,authentication_string,plugin,host FROM mysql.user; to verify root user's auth method
FLUSH PRIVILEGES; to apply all changes
mysql -u root -p to access db from now on, enter password STRONG_PASSWORD_HERE

PHP & Basic Nginx

sudo add-apt-repository universe to add software repo
sudo apt install php-fpm php-mysql to install the basic PHP software
sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/YOUR.DOMAIN.COM

server {
        listen 80;
        root /var/www/html;
        index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
        server_name YOUR.DOMAIN.COM;

        location / {
                try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
        }

        location ~ \.php$ {
                include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
                fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;
        }

        location ~ /\.ht {
                deny all;
        }
}

sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/YOUR.DOMAIN.COM /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ to create symlink to enabled sites
sudo unlink /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default to remove default link
sudo nginx -t test the whole config
sudo systemctl reload nginx to apply all changes
sudo vim /var/www/html/info.php to start a new PHP file, fill it with <?php phpinfo();
sudo rm /var/www/html/info.php optional command to get rid of test file

Let's Dial in The Laravel Ecosystem

sudo apt-get install php7.2-mbstring php7.2-xml composer unzip
mysql -u root -p Login to create the Laravel DB
CREATE DATABASE laravel DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_unicode_ci;
GRANT ALL ON laravel.* TO 'laraveluser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
exit
cd /var/www/html, sudo mkdir -p first-project
sudo chown laravel:laravel first-project
git clone https://github.com/coderstape/laravel-58-from-scratch.git .
composer install
cp .env.example .env, and then vim .env

APP_NAME=Laravel
APP_ENV=production
APP_KEY=
APP_DEBUG=false
APP_URL=http://YOUR.DOMAIN.COM

LOG_CHANNEL=stack

DB_CONNECTION=mysql
DB_HOST=127.0.0.1
DB_PORT=3306
DB_DATABASE=root
DB_USERNAME=laravel
DB_PASSWORD=STRONG_PASSWORD_HERE

php artisan migrate
php artisan key:generate to generate the key
sudo chgrp -R www-data storage bootstrap/cache fix permissions
sudo chmod -R ug+rwx storage bootstrap/cache fix permissions
sudo chmod -R 755 /var/www/html/first-project fix permissions
chmod -R o+w /var/www/html/first-project/storage/ fix permission

Modify Nginx

sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/YOUR.DOMAIN.COM

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;

    root /var/www/html/first-project/public;
    index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

    server_name YOUR.DOMAIN.COM;

    location / {
        try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;
    }

    location ~ /\.ht {
            deny all;
    }
}

sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl reload nginx reload Nginx

Let's Encrypt

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:certbot/certbot to get repo
sudo apt install python-certbot-nginx to install
sudo certbot certonly --webroot --webroot-path=/var/www/html/quickstart/public -d example.com -d www.example.com
sudo certbot certonly --webroot --webroot-path=/var/www/html/first-project/public -d YOUR.DOMAIN.COM

Final mod for Nginx

sudo vim /etc/nginx/sites-available/YOUR.DOMAIN.COM

server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;

    server_name YOUR.DOMAIN.COM;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}

server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name YOUR.DOMAIN.COM;
    root /var/www/html/first-project/public;

    ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/YOUR.DOMAIN.COM/fullchain.pem;
	ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/YOUR.DOMAIN.COM/privkey.pem;
    
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2;
	ssl_ciphers ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA512:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384;
	ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;

	add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN";
	add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
	add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff";

	index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;

    charset utf-8;

    location / {
            try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
    }

    location ~ \.php$ {
        include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
        fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php/php7.2-fpm.sock;
    }

    location ~ /\.ht {
            deny all;
    }

    location ~ /.well-known {
            allow all;
    }
}

sudo nginx -t
sudo ufw app list For firewall
sudo ufw allow 'Nginx HTTPS' to add NGINX
sudo ufw status to verify change
sudo systemctl reload nginx reload Nginx

Extra Credit

Let's make the prompt pretty

sudo apt-get install zsh to install ZSH
zsh --version to confirm install
whereis zsh to find out where it is
sudo usermod -s /usr/bin/zsh $(whoami) to make Zsh default
sudo reboot to reapply all changes
2 to populate a default file
sudo apt-get install powerline fonts-powerline to install powerline
sudo apt-get install zsh-theme-powerlevel9k to install Theme
echo "source /usr/share/powerlevel9k/powerlevel9k.zsh-theme" >> ~/.zshrc to enable the theme in your Zshrc
exit and login again to see the new theme
sh -c "$(wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)" for Oh My Zsh
echo "source /usr/share/powerlevel9k/powerlevel9k.zsh-theme" >> ~/.zshrc to re-enable 9K

ursuleacv/deployment_guide.md