ComponentManagement.cs

namespace ComponentManagement
{
    using System;

    using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;

    public static class Program
    {
        public static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            var config = new ServiceCollection();
            config.AddTransient<Data>();

            config.AddComponent(c =>
            {
                 // Component config ...
            });

            var provider = config.BuildServiceProvider();

            var component = provider.GetService<Component>();

            var data = component.Create<Data>();
        }
    }

    public static class ServiceCollectionExtensions
    {
        public static IServiceCollection AddComponent(this IServiceCollection services, Action<ComponentConfig> action)
        {
            var config = new ComponentConfig();
            action(config);
            return services.AddSingleton(p =>
            {
                config.Provider = p;
                return new Component(config);
            });
        }
    }

    public sealed class ComponentConfig
    {
        public IServiceProvider Provider { get; set; }

        // ...
    }

    public sealed class Component
    {
        private readonly IServiceProvider serviceProvider;

        public Component(ComponentConfig config)
        {
            serviceProvider = config.Provider;

            // ...
        }

        public T Create<T>() => serviceProvider.GetService<T>();
    }

    public class Data
    {
    }
}