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1. Introduction
2. Standards
3. Common combinations
4. Conversion
5. Verification/Inspection
6. Tips for recognising

Introduction

It happens that there are many standards for storing cryptography materials (key, certificate, ...) and it isn't always obvious to know which standard is used by just looking at file name extension or file content. There are bunch of questions on stackoverflow asking about how to convert from PEM to PKCS#8 or PKCS#12, while many tried to answer the questions, those answers may not help because the correct answer depends on the content inside the PEM file. That is, a PEM file can contain many different things, such as an X509 certificate, a PKCS#1 or PKCS#8 private key. The worst-case scenario is that someone just store a non-PEM content in "something.pem" file.

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*nix Networking Tools Cheat Sheet

## Network Performance

iperf (all)

Setup the server:

iperf -s

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On OSX Yosemite and above, in a terminal window:

1. Switch to the root user.
  
  $ sudo su -
  
2. Create a Dummynet pipe that represents a slow, unreliable network:

  # dnctl pipe 1 config bw 10Kbit/s delay 300 plr 0.1 noerror

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const country_names = {'Afghanistan': 'AF','Albania': 'AL','Algeria': 'DZ','American Samoa': 'AS','Andorra': 'AD','Angola': 'AO','Anguilla': 'AI','Antarctica': 'AQ',
'Antigua and Barbuda': 'AG','Argentina': 'AR','Armenia': 'AM','Aruba': 'AW','Australia': 'AU','Austria': 'AT','Azerbaijan': 'AZ','Bahamas': 'BS',
'Bahrain': 'BH','Bangladesh': 'BD','Barbados': 'BB','Belarus': 'BY','Belgium': 'BE','Belize': 'BZ','Benin': 'BJ','Bermuda': 'BM','Bhutan': 'BT',
'Bolivia, Plurinational State of': 'BO','Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba': 'BQ','Bosnia and Herzegovina': 'BA','Botswana': 'BW','Bouvet Island': 'BV',
'Brazil': 'BR','British Indian Ocean Territory': 'IO','Brunei Darussalam': 'BN','Bulgaria': 'BG','Burkina Faso': 'BF','Burundi': 'BI','Cambodia': 'KH',
'Cameroon': 'CM','Canada': 'CA','Cape Verde': 'CV','Cayman Islands': 'KY','Central African Republic': 'CF','Chad': 'TD','Chile': 'CL','China': 'CN',
'Christmas Island': 'CX','Cocos (Keeling) Islands': 'CC','Colombia': 'CO','Comoros': 'KM','Congo': 'CG','Congo, th

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Debugging Node.js web applications running on Heroku using ngrok

Introduction

Heroku only allows each dyno to send and receive external network traffic on a single port, which means you can't simply run node --debug server.js and attach your debugger to your-app.herokuapp.com:5858.

To work around this, you can use ngrok and Heroku ngrok Buildpack to tunnel to the debugger's port and access it externally.

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Docker - How to cleanup (unused) resources

Once in a while, you may need to cleanup resources (containers, volumes, images, networks) ...

delete volumes

// see: https://github.com/chadoe/docker-cleanup-volumes

$ docker volume rm $(docker volume ls -qf dangling=true)

$ docker volume ls -qf dangling=true | xargs -r docker volume rm

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// WastingTimeOnStackOverflowTests.swift Created by mason on 2016-09-18.

import XCTest

/// Measures performance of two different ways of checking whether an index is valid
/// for a given array (the variable "a" is an array of 1,000,000 unique strings, and
/// "val" is the index to be checked):
///
///     a.indices.contains(val)
/// vs:

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import Parse from 'parse/node'
import { afterEach, describe, it } from 'mocha'
import chai from 'chai'
import chaiAsPromised from 'chai-as-promised'

import { resetParse, getAdminUser } from '../../../test/parseHelper'
import errors from '../../utils/errors'

chai.use(chaiAsPromised)
const assert = chai.assert

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#!/bin/sh
set -e
HOST=localhost
DB=test-entd-products
COL=asimproducts

S3PATH="s3://mongodb-backups-test1-entd/$DB/$COL/"
S3BACKUP=$S3PATH`date +"%Y%m%d_%H%M%S"`.dump.gz
S3LATEST=$S3PATH"latest".dump.gz
/usr/bin/aws s3 mb $S3PATH

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// MIT License
//
// Copyright (c) 2016 stable|kernel
//
// Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
// of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
// in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
// to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
// copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
// furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: