ncraas.rb

def ncr(n, r)
  a, b = r, n-r
  a, b = b, a if a < b  # a is the larger
  numer = (a+1..n).inject(1) { |t,v| t*v }  # n!/r!
  denom = (2..b).inject(1) { |t,v| t*v }    # (n-r)!
  numer / denom
end

def ncrdigs_naive(n, r, base)
  ncr(n, r).to_s(base).length
end

gets.to_i.times do
  n, r = gets.split.map {|x| x.to_i }
  puts "#{ncrdigs_naive(n,r,10)} #{ncrdigs_naive(n,r,2)}"
end