Skip to content

Instantly share code, notes, and snippets.

@vincenttzc

vincenttzc/gist:7b8d03095a3c0439cd7e7661f9593984

Created October 25, 2017 01:33
Show Gist options
  • Save vincenttzc/7b8d03095a3c0439cd7e7661f9593984 to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Save vincenttzc/7b8d03095a3c0439cd7e7661f9593984 to your computer and use it in GitHub Desktop.
Download ZIP
ECON207 HW 3 & 4 Tan Zhi Chong
Raw
gistfile1.txt
{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 1,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# ECON207 Assignment 3,4 (Part 2)\n",
"\n",
"## Tan Zhi Chong"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# QNS 4"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"\n",
"Attaching package: 'dplyr'\n",
"\n",
"The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':\n",
"\n",
" filter, lag\n",
"\n",
"The following objects are masked from 'package:base':\n",
"\n",
" intersect, setdiff, setequal, union\n",
"\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"## Prepare library for data preparation and data visualisation\n",
"\n",
"library(ggplot2)\n",
"library(dplyr)\n",
"\n",
"## Set the working directory to obtain the data\n",
"\n",
"setwd(\"C:\\\\Users\\\\vince\\\\Documents\\\\R Scripts\\\\R data\")\n",
"\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<ol class=list-inline>\n",
"\t<li>'data'</li>\n",
"\t<li>'desc'</li>\n",
"\t<li>'self'</li>\n",
"</ol>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{enumerate*}\n",
"\\item 'data'\n",
"\\item 'desc'\n",
"\\item 'self'\n",
"\\end{enumerate*}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"1. 'data'\n",
"2. 'desc'\n",
"3. 'self'\n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
"[1] \"data\" \"desc\" \"self\""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"\n",
"## Load data using read.csv function\n",
"\n",
"x <- load(file = \"bwght.RData\")\n",
"x"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 5,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<table>\n",
"<thead><tr><th scope=col>faminc</th><th scope=col>cigtax</th><th scope=col>cigprice</th><th scope=col>bwght</th><th scope=col>fatheduc</th><th scope=col>motheduc</th><th scope=col>parity</th><th scope=col>male</th><th scope=col>white</th><th scope=col>cigs</th><th scope=col>lbwght</th><th scope=col>bwghtlbs</th><th scope=col>packs</th><th scope=col>lfaminc</th></tr></thead>\n",
"<tbody>\n",
"\t<tr><td>13.5 </td><td>16.5 </td><td>122.3 </td><td>109 </td><td>12 </td><td>12 </td><td>1 </td><td>1 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.691348 </td><td>6.8125 </td><td>0 </td><td> 2.6026897</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td> 7.5 </td><td>16.5 </td><td>122.3 </td><td>133 </td><td> 6 </td><td>12 </td><td>2 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.890349 </td><td>8.3125 </td><td>0 </td><td> 2.0149031</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td> 0.5 </td><td>16.5 </td><td>122.3 </td><td>129 </td><td>NA </td><td>12 </td><td>2 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.859812 </td><td>8.0625 </td><td>0 </td><td>-0.6931472</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>15.5 </td><td>16.5 </td><td>122.3 </td><td>126 </td><td>12 </td><td>12 </td><td>2 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.836282 </td><td>7.8750 </td><td>0 </td><td> 2.7408400</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>27.5 </td><td>16.5 </td><td>122.3 </td><td>134 </td><td>14 </td><td>12 </td><td>2 </td><td>1 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.897840 </td><td>8.3750 </td><td>0 </td><td> 3.3141861</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td> 7.5 </td><td>16.5 </td><td>122.3 </td><td>118 </td><td>12 </td><td>14 </td><td>6 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.770685 </td><td>7.3750 </td><td>0 </td><td> 2.0149031</td></tr>\n",
"</tbody>\n",
"</table>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{tabular}{r|llllllllllllll}\n",
" faminc & cigtax & cigprice & bwght & fatheduc & motheduc & parity & male & white & cigs & lbwght & bwghtlbs & packs & lfaminc\\\\\n",
"\\hline\n",
"\t 13.5 & 16.5 & 122.3 & 109 & 12 & 12 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 4.691348 & 6.8125 & 0 & 2.6026897\\\\\n",
"\t 7.5 & 16.5 & 122.3 & 133 & 6 & 12 & 2 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 4.890349 & 8.3125 & 0 & 2.0149031\\\\\n",
"\t 0.5 & 16.5 & 122.3 & 129 & NA & 12 & 2 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 4.859812 & 8.0625 & 0 & -0.6931472\\\\\n",
"\t 15.5 & 16.5 & 122.3 & 126 & 12 & 12 & 2 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 4.836282 & 7.8750 & 0 & 2.7408400\\\\\n",
"\t 27.5 & 16.5 & 122.3 & 134 & 14 & 12 & 2 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 4.897840 & 8.3750 & 0 & 3.3141861\\\\\n",
"\t 7.5 & 16.5 & 122.3 & 118 & 12 & 14 & 6 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 4.770685 & 7.3750 & 0 & 2.0149031\\\\\n",
"\\end{tabular}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"\n",
"faminc | cigtax | cigprice | bwght | fatheduc | motheduc | parity | male | white | cigs | lbwght | bwghtlbs | packs | lfaminc | \n",
"|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
"| 13.5 | 16.5 | 122.3 | 109 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4.691348 | 6.8125 | 0 | 2.6026897 | \n",
"| 7.5 | 16.5 | 122.3 | 133 | 6 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4.890349 | 8.3125 | 0 | 2.0149031 | \n",
"| 0.5 | 16.5 | 122.3 | 129 | NA | 12 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.859812 | 8.0625 | 0 | -0.6931472 | \n",
"| 15.5 | 16.5 | 122.3 | 126 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4.836282 | 7.8750 | 0 | 2.7408400 | \n",
"| 27.5 | 16.5 | 122.3 | 134 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4.897840 | 8.3750 | 0 | 3.3141861 | \n",
"| 7.5 | 16.5 | 122.3 | 118 | 12 | 14 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4.770685 | 7.3750 | 0 | 2.0149031 | \n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
" faminc cigtax cigprice bwght fatheduc motheduc parity male white cigs\n",
"1 13.5 16.5 122.3 109 12 12 1 1 1 0 \n",
"2 7.5 16.5 122.3 133 6 12 2 1 0 0 \n",
"3 0.5 16.5 122.3 129 NA 12 2 0 0 0 \n",
"4 15.5 16.5 122.3 126 12 12 2 1 0 0 \n",
"5 27.5 16.5 122.3 134 14 12 2 1 1 0 \n",
"6 7.5 16.5 122.3 118 12 14 6 1 0 0 \n",
" lbwght bwghtlbs packs lfaminc \n",
"1 4.691348 6.8125 0 2.6026897\n",
"2 4.890349 8.3125 0 2.0149031\n",
"3 4.859812 8.0625 0 -0.6931472\n",
"4 4.836282 7.8750 0 2.7408400\n",
"5 4.897840 8.3750 0 3.3141861\n",
"6 4.770685 7.3750 0 2.0149031"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"head(data)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 6,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<table>\n",
"<thead><tr><th scope=col>variable</th><th scope=col>label</th></tr></thead>\n",
"<tbody>\n",
"\t<tr><td>faminc </td><td>1988 family income, $1000s </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>cigtax </td><td>cig. tax in home state, 1988 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>cigprice </td><td>cig. price in home state, 1988</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>bwght </td><td>birth weight, ounces </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>fatheduc </td><td>father's yrs of educ </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>motheduc </td><td>mother's yrs of educ </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>parity </td><td>birth order of child </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>male </td><td>=1 if male child </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>white </td><td>=1 if white </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>cigs </td><td>cigs smked per day while preg </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>lbwght </td><td>log of bwght </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>bwghtlbs </td><td>birth weight, pounds </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>packs </td><td>packs smked per day while preg</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>lfaminc </td><td>log(faminc) </td></tr>\n",
"</tbody>\n",
"</table>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{tabular}{r|ll}\n",
" variable & label\\\\\n",
"\\hline\n",
"\t faminc & 1988 family income, \\$1000s \\\\\n",
"\t cigtax & cig. tax in home state, 1988 \\\\\n",
"\t cigprice & cig. price in home state, 1988\\\\\n",
"\t bwght & birth weight, ounces \\\\\n",
"\t fatheduc & father's yrs of educ \\\\\n",
"\t motheduc & mother's yrs of educ \\\\\n",
"\t parity & birth order of child \\\\\n",
"\t male & =1 if male child \\\\\n",
"\t white & =1 if white \\\\\n",
"\t cigs & cigs smked per day while preg \\\\\n",
"\t lbwght & log of bwght \\\\\n",
"\t bwghtlbs & birth weight, pounds \\\\\n",
"\t packs & packs smked per day while preg\\\\\n",
"\t lfaminc & log(faminc) \\\\\n",
"\\end{tabular}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"\n",
"variable | label | \n",
"|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
"| faminc | 1988 family income, $1000s | \n",
"| cigtax | cig. tax in home state, 1988 | \n",
"| cigprice | cig. price in home state, 1988 | \n",
"| bwght | birth weight, ounces | \n",
"| fatheduc | father's yrs of educ | \n",
"| motheduc | mother's yrs of educ | \n",
"| parity | birth order of child | \n",
"| male | =1 if male child | \n",
"| white | =1 if white | \n",
"| cigs | cigs smked per day while preg | \n",
"| lbwght | log of bwght | \n",
"| bwghtlbs | birth weight, pounds | \n",
"| packs | packs smked per day while preg | \n",
"| lfaminc | log(faminc) | \n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
" variable label \n",
"1 faminc 1988 family income, $1000s \n",
"2 cigtax cig. tax in home state, 1988 \n",
"3 cigprice cig. price in home state, 1988\n",
"4 bwght birth weight, ounces \n",
"5 fatheduc father's yrs of educ \n",
"6 motheduc mother's yrs of educ \n",
"7 parity birth order of child \n",
"8 male =1 if male child \n",
"9 white =1 if white \n",
"10 cigs cigs smked per day while preg \n",
"11 lbwght log of bwght \n",
"12 bwghtlbs birth weight, pounds \n",
"13 packs packs smked per day while preg\n",
"14 lfaminc log(faminc) "
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"desc"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 7,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"dataCleaned <- filter(data, !is.na(bwght), !is.na(cigs), !is.na(parity), !is.na(faminc), !is.na(motheduc), !is.na(fatheduc))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 8,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"FALSE"
],
"text/latex": [
"FALSE"
],
"text/markdown": [
"FALSE"
],
"text/plain": [
"[1] FALSE"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"any(is.na(dataCleaned[c('cigs', 'faminc', 'bwght', 'parity', 'motheduc', 'fatheduc')]))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 9,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\n",
"Call:\n",
"lm(formula = bwght ~ cigs + parity + faminc, data = dataCleaned)\n",
"\n",
"Residuals:\n",
" Min 1Q Median 3Q Max \n",
"-95.811 -11.552 0.524 12.739 150.848 \n",
"\n",
"Coefficients:\n",
" Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) \n",
"(Intercept) 115.46993 1.65590 69.733 < 2e-16 ***\n",
"cigs -0.59785 0.10877 -5.496 4.74e-08 ***\n",
"parity 1.83227 0.65754 2.787 0.00541 ** \n",
"faminc 0.06706 0.03239 2.070 0.03865 * \n",
"---\n",
"Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n",
"\n",
"Residual standard error: 19.8 on 1187 degrees of freedom\n",
"Multiple R-squared: 0.03642,\tAdjusted R-squared: 0.03398 \n",
"F-statistic: 14.95 on 3 and 1187 DF, p-value: 1.472e-09\n"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"fit1 <- lm(data = dataCleaned, bwght ~ cigs + parity + faminc)\n",
"summary(fit1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 10,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"residuals <- (resid(fit1))\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 11,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<table>\n",
"<thead><tr><th scope=col>faminc</th><th scope=col>cigtax</th><th scope=col>cigprice</th><th scope=col>bwght</th><th scope=col>fatheduc</th><th scope=col>motheduc</th><th scope=col>parity</th><th scope=col>male</th><th scope=col>white</th><th scope=col>cigs</th><th scope=col>lbwght</th><th scope=col>bwghtlbs</th><th scope=col>packs</th><th scope=col>lfaminc</th><th scope=col>resid</th></tr></thead>\n",
"<tbody>\n",
"\t<tr><td>13.5 </td><td>16.5 </td><td>122.3 </td><td>109 </td><td>12 </td><td>12 </td><td>1 </td><td>1 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.691348 </td><td>6.8125 </td><td>0 </td><td>2.602690 </td><td>-9.207533</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td> 7.5 </td><td>16.5 </td><td>122.3 </td><td>133 </td><td> 6 </td><td>12 </td><td>2 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.890349 </td><td>8.3125 </td><td>0 </td><td>2.014903 </td><td>13.362563</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>15.5 </td><td>16.5 </td><td>122.3 </td><td>126 </td><td>12 </td><td>12 </td><td>2 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.836282 </td><td>7.8750 </td><td>0 </td><td>2.740840 </td><td> 5.826069</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>27.5 </td><td>16.5 </td><td>122.3 </td><td>134 </td><td>14 </td><td>12 </td><td>2 </td><td>1 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.897840 </td><td>8.3750 </td><td>0 </td><td>3.314186 </td><td>13.021327</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td> 7.5 </td><td>16.5 </td><td>122.3 </td><td>118 </td><td>12 </td><td>14 </td><td>6 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.770685 </td><td>7.3750 </td><td>0 </td><td>2.014903 </td><td>-8.966533</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>65.0 </td><td>16.5 </td><td>122.3 </td><td>140 </td><td>16 </td><td>14 </td><td>2 </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.941642 </td><td>8.7500 </td><td>0 </td><td>4.174387 </td><td>16.506510</td></tr>\n",
"</tbody>\n",
"</table>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{tabular}{r|lllllllllllllll}\n",
" faminc & cigtax & cigprice & bwght & fatheduc & motheduc & parity & male & white & cigs & lbwght & bwghtlbs & packs & lfaminc & resid\\\\\n",
"\\hline\n",
"\t 13.5 & 16.5 & 122.3 & 109 & 12 & 12 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 4.691348 & 6.8125 & 0 & 2.602690 & -9.207533\\\\\n",
"\t 7.5 & 16.5 & 122.3 & 133 & 6 & 12 & 2 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 4.890349 & 8.3125 & 0 & 2.014903 & 13.362563\\\\\n",
"\t 15.5 & 16.5 & 122.3 & 126 & 12 & 12 & 2 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 4.836282 & 7.8750 & 0 & 2.740840 & 5.826069\\\\\n",
"\t 27.5 & 16.5 & 122.3 & 134 & 14 & 12 & 2 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 4.897840 & 8.3750 & 0 & 3.314186 & 13.021327\\\\\n",
"\t 7.5 & 16.5 & 122.3 & 118 & 12 & 14 & 6 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 4.770685 & 7.3750 & 0 & 2.014903 & -8.966533\\\\\n",
"\t 65.0 & 16.5 & 122.3 & 140 & 16 & 14 & 2 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 4.941642 & 8.7500 & 0 & 4.174387 & 16.506510\\\\\n",
"\\end{tabular}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"\n",
"faminc | cigtax | cigprice | bwght | fatheduc | motheduc | parity | male | white | cigs | lbwght | bwghtlbs | packs | lfaminc | resid | \n",
"|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
"| 13.5 | 16.5 | 122.3 | 109 | 12 | 12 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4.691348 | 6.8125 | 0 | 2.602690 | -9.207533 | \n",
"| 7.5 | 16.5 | 122.3 | 133 | 6 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4.890349 | 8.3125 | 0 | 2.014903 | 13.362563 | \n",
"| 15.5 | 16.5 | 122.3 | 126 | 12 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4.836282 | 7.8750 | 0 | 2.740840 | 5.826069 | \n",
"| 27.5 | 16.5 | 122.3 | 134 | 14 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 4.897840 | 8.3750 | 0 | 3.314186 | 13.021327 | \n",
"| 7.5 | 16.5 | 122.3 | 118 | 12 | 14 | 6 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4.770685 | 7.3750 | 0 | 2.014903 | -8.966533 | \n",
"| 65.0 | 16.5 | 122.3 | 140 | 16 | 14 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4.941642 | 8.7500 | 0 | 4.174387 | 16.506510 | \n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
" faminc cigtax cigprice bwght fatheduc motheduc parity male white cigs\n",
"1 13.5 16.5 122.3 109 12 12 1 1 1 0 \n",
"2 7.5 16.5 122.3 133 6 12 2 1 0 0 \n",
"3 15.5 16.5 122.3 126 12 12 2 1 0 0 \n",
"4 27.5 16.5 122.3 134 14 12 2 1 1 0 \n",
"5 7.5 16.5 122.3 118 12 14 6 1 0 0 \n",
"6 65.0 16.5 122.3 140 16 14 2 0 1 0 \n",
" lbwght bwghtlbs packs lfaminc resid \n",
"1 4.691348 6.8125 0 2.602690 -9.207533\n",
"2 4.890349 8.3125 0 2.014903 13.362563\n",
"3 4.836282 7.8750 0 2.740840 5.826069\n",
"4 4.897840 8.3750 0 3.314186 13.021327\n",
"5 4.770685 7.3750 0 2.014903 -8.966533\n",
"6 4.941642 8.7500 0 4.174387 16.506510"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"dataCleaned2 <- dataCleaned %>% mutate(resid = residuals) \n",
"head(dataCleaned2)\n"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 12,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\n",
"Call:\n",
"lm(formula = resid ~ cigs + parity + faminc + motheduc + fatheduc, \n",
" data = dataCleaned2)\n",
"\n",
"Residuals:\n",
" Min 1Q Median 3Q Max \n",
"-95.796 -11.960 0.643 12.679 150.879 \n",
"\n",
"Coefficients:\n",
" Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) \n",
"(Intercept) -0.945597 3.728453 -0.254 0.7998 \n",
"cigs 0.001916 0.110348 0.017 0.9862 \n",
"parity -0.044671 0.659406 -0.068 0.9460 \n",
"faminc -0.011020 0.036562 -0.301 0.7631 \n",
"motheduc -0.370450 0.319855 -1.158 0.2470 \n",
"fatheduc 0.472394 0.282643 1.671 0.0949 .\n",
"---\n",
"Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n",
"\n",
"Residual standard error: 19.79 on 1185 degrees of freedom\n",
"Multiple R-squared: 0.00242,\tAdjusted R-squared: -0.001789 \n",
"F-statistic: 0.5749 on 5 and 1185 DF, p-value: 0.7193\n"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"fit2 <- lm(data = dataCleaned2, resid ~ cigs + parity + faminc + motheduc + fatheduc)\n",
"summary(fit2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 13,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"2.88210058436301"
],
"text/latex": [
"2.88210058436301"
],
"text/markdown": [
"2.88210058436301"
],
"text/plain": [
"[1] 2.882101"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"## LM test-stat\n",
"nrow(dataCleaned2) * summary(fit2)$r.squared"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 14,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# QNS 5"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 15,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<ol class=list-inline>\n",
"\t<li>'data'</li>\n",
"\t<li>'desc'</li>\n",
"\t<li>'self'</li>\n",
"</ol>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{enumerate*}\n",
"\\item 'data'\n",
"\\item 'desc'\n",
"\\item 'self'\n",
"\\end{enumerate*}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"1. 'data'\n",
"2. 'desc'\n",
"3. 'self'\n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
"[1] \"data\" \"desc\" \"self\""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"\n",
"x <- load(file = '401ksubs.RData')\n",
"x"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 16,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<table>\n",
"<thead><tr><th scope=col>e401k</th><th scope=col>inc</th><th scope=col>marr</th><th scope=col>male</th><th scope=col>age</th><th scope=col>fsize</th><th scope=col>nettfa</th><th scope=col>p401k</th><th scope=col>pira</th><th scope=col>incsq</th><th scope=col>agesq</th></tr></thead>\n",
"<tbody>\n",
"\t<tr><td>0 </td><td>13.170 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>40 </td><td>1 </td><td> 4.575 </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td> 173.4489</td><td>1600 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>1 </td><td>61.230 </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td>35 </td><td>1 </td><td>154.000 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>3749.1128</td><td>1225 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>0 </td><td>12.858 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>44 </td><td>2 </td><td> 0.000 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td> 165.3282</td><td>1936 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>0 </td><td>98.880 </td><td>1 </td><td>1 </td><td>44 </td><td>2 </td><td> 21.800 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>9777.2539</td><td>1936 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>0 </td><td>22.614 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>53 </td><td>1 </td><td> 18.450 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td> 511.3930</td><td>2809 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>0 </td><td>15.000 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>60 </td><td>3 </td><td> 0.000 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td> 225.0000</td><td>3600 </td></tr>\n",
"</tbody>\n",
"</table>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{tabular}{r|lllllllllll}\n",
" e401k & inc & marr & male & age & fsize & nettfa & p401k & pira & incsq & agesq\\\\\n",
"\\hline\n",
"\t 0 & 13.170 & 0 & 0 & 40 & 1 & 4.575 & 0 & 1 & 173.4489 & 1600 \\\\\n",
"\t 1 & 61.230 & 0 & 1 & 35 & 1 & 154.000 & 1 & 0 & 3749.1128 & 1225 \\\\\n",
"\t 0 & 12.858 & 1 & 0 & 44 & 2 & 0.000 & 0 & 0 & 165.3282 & 1936 \\\\\n",
"\t 0 & 98.880 & 1 & 1 & 44 & 2 & 21.800 & 0 & 0 & 9777.2539 & 1936 \\\\\n",
"\t 0 & 22.614 & 0 & 0 & 53 & 1 & 18.450 & 0 & 0 & 511.3930 & 2809 \\\\\n",
"\t 0 & 15.000 & 1 & 0 & 60 & 3 & 0.000 & 0 & 0 & 225.0000 & 3600 \\\\\n",
"\\end{tabular}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"\n",
"e401k | inc | marr | male | age | fsize | nettfa | p401k | pira | incsq | agesq | \n",
"|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
"| 0 | 13.170 | 0 | 0 | 40 | 1 | 4.575 | 0 | 1 | 173.4489 | 1600 | \n",
"| 1 | 61.230 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 1 | 154.000 | 1 | 0 | 3749.1128 | 1225 | \n",
"| 0 | 12.858 | 1 | 0 | 44 | 2 | 0.000 | 0 | 0 | 165.3282 | 1936 | \n",
"| 0 | 98.880 | 1 | 1 | 44 | 2 | 21.800 | 0 | 0 | 9777.2539 | 1936 | \n",
"| 0 | 22.614 | 0 | 0 | 53 | 1 | 18.450 | 0 | 0 | 511.3930 | 2809 | \n",
"| 0 | 15.000 | 1 | 0 | 60 | 3 | 0.000 | 0 | 0 | 225.0000 | 3600 | \n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
" e401k inc marr male age fsize nettfa p401k pira incsq agesq\n",
"1 0 13.170 0 0 40 1 4.575 0 1 173.4489 1600 \n",
"2 1 61.230 0 1 35 1 154.000 1 0 3749.1128 1225 \n",
"3 0 12.858 1 0 44 2 0.000 0 0 165.3282 1936 \n",
"4 0 98.880 1 1 44 2 21.800 0 0 9777.2539 1936 \n",
"5 0 22.614 0 0 53 1 18.450 0 0 511.3930 2809 \n",
"6 0 15.000 1 0 60 3 0.000 0 0 225.0000 3600 "
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"head(data)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 17,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<table>\n",
"<thead><tr><th scope=col>variable</th><th scope=col>label</th></tr></thead>\n",
"<tbody>\n",
"\t<tr><td>e401k </td><td>=1 if eligble for 401(k) </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>inc </td><td>annual income, $1000s </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>marr </td><td>=1 if married </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>male </td><td>=1 if male respondent </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>age </td><td>in years </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>fsize </td><td>family size </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>nettfa </td><td>net total fin. assets, $1000</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>p401k </td><td>=1 if participate in 401(k) </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>pira </td><td>=1 if have IRA </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>incsq </td><td>inc^2 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>agesq </td><td>age^2 </td></tr>\n",
"</tbody>\n",
"</table>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{tabular}{r|ll}\n",
" variable & label\\\\\n",
"\\hline\n",
"\t e401k & =1 if eligble for 401(k) \\\\\n",
"\t inc & annual income, \\$1000s \\\\\n",
"\t marr & =1 if married \\\\\n",
"\t male & =1 if male respondent \\\\\n",
"\t age & in years \\\\\n",
"\t fsize & family size \\\\\n",
"\t nettfa & net total fin. assets, \\$1000\\\\\n",
"\t p401k & =1 if participate in 401(k) \\\\\n",
"\t pira & =1 if have IRA \\\\\n",
"\t incsq & inc\\textasciicircum{}2 \\\\\n",
"\t agesq & age\\textasciicircum{}2 \\\\\n",
"\\end{tabular}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"\n",
"variable | label | \n",
"|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
"| e401k | =1 if eligble for 401(k) | \n",
"| inc | annual income, $1000s | \n",
"| marr | =1 if married | \n",
"| male | =1 if male respondent | \n",
"| age | in years | \n",
"| fsize | family size | \n",
"| nettfa | net total fin. assets, $1000 | \n",
"| p401k | =1 if participate in 401(k) | \n",
"| pira | =1 if have IRA | \n",
"| incsq | inc^2 | \n",
"| agesq | age^2 | \n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
" variable label \n",
"1 e401k =1 if eligble for 401(k) \n",
"2 inc annual income, $1000s \n",
"3 marr =1 if married \n",
"4 male =1 if male respondent \n",
"5 age in years \n",
"6 fsize family size \n",
"7 nettfa net total fin. assets, $1000\n",
"8 p401k =1 if participate in 401(k) \n",
"9 pira =1 if have IRA \n",
"10 incsq inc^2 \n",
"11 agesq age^2 "
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"desc"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 18,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"`stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.\n"
]
},
{
"data": {},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
},
{
"data": {
"image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAA0gAAANICAMAAADKOT/pAAAAOVBMVEUAAAAzMzNNTU1ZWVlo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\nkAAEEBKAAEICEEBIAAL+Hx4C6wlMGTcbAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC",
"text/plain": [
"plot without title"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"ksubs <- data %>% select(inc, fsize) %>% filter(fsize == 1) \n",
"qplot(ksubs$inc, geom = 'histogram')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 19,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"`stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.\n"
]
},
{
"data": {},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
},
{
"data": {
"image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAA0gAAANICAMAAADKOT/pAAAAOVBMVEUAAAAzMzNNTU1ZWVlo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\nkQAUQCQABRAJQAFEAlAAkQAU+H8NQIQe7B4AQwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==",
"text/plain": [
"plot without title"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"qplot(log(ksubs$inc), geom = 'histogram')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 20,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<ol class=list-inline>\n",
"\t<li>'data'</li>\n",
"\t<li>'desc'</li>\n",
"\t<li>'self'</li>\n",
"</ol>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{enumerate*}\n",
"\\item 'data'\n",
"\\item 'desc'\n",
"\\item 'self'\n",
"\\end{enumerate*}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"1. 'data'\n",
"2. 'desc'\n",
"3. 'self'\n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
"[1] \"data\" \"desc\" \"self\""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"x <- load(file = 'bwght2.RData')\n",
"x"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 21,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<table>\n",
"<thead><tr><th scope=col>mage</th><th scope=col>meduc</th><th scope=col>monpre</th><th scope=col>npvis</th><th scope=col>fage</th><th scope=col>feduc</th><th scope=col>bwght</th><th scope=col>omaps</th><th scope=col>fmaps</th><th scope=col>cigs</th><th scope=col>...</th><th scope=col>male</th><th scope=col>mwhte</th><th scope=col>mblck</th><th scope=col>moth</th><th scope=col>fwhte</th><th scope=col>fblck</th><th scope=col>foth</th><th scope=col>lbwght</th><th scope=col>magesq</th><th scope=col>npvissq</th></tr></thead>\n",
"<tbody>\n",
"\t<tr><td>26 </td><td>12 </td><td>2 </td><td>12 </td><td>34 </td><td>16 </td><td>3060 </td><td>9 </td><td>9 </td><td> 0 </td><td>... </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td>8.026170</td><td> 676 </td><td>144 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>29 </td><td>12 </td><td>2 </td><td>12 </td><td>32 </td><td>12 </td><td>3730 </td><td>8 </td><td>9 </td><td>NA </td><td>... </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>8.224163</td><td> 841 </td><td>144 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>33 </td><td>12 </td><td>1 </td><td>12 </td><td>36 </td><td>16 </td><td>2530 </td><td>8 </td><td>9 </td><td> 0 </td><td>... </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>7.835975</td><td>1089 </td><td>144 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>28 </td><td>17 </td><td>5 </td><td> 8 </td><td>32 </td><td>17 </td><td>3289 </td><td>8 </td><td>9 </td><td> 0 </td><td>... </td><td>1 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>8.098339</td><td> 784 </td><td> 64 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>23 </td><td>13 </td><td>2 </td><td> 6 </td><td>24 </td><td>16 </td><td>3590 </td><td>6 </td><td>8 </td><td> 0 </td><td>... </td><td>1 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>8.185907</td><td> 529 </td><td> 36 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>28 </td><td>12 </td><td>1 </td><td>12 </td><td>30 </td><td>16 </td><td>3420 </td><td>9 </td><td>9 </td><td> 0 </td><td>... </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>1 </td><td>0 </td><td>0 </td><td>8.137396</td><td> 784 </td><td>144 </td></tr>\n",
"</tbody>\n",
"</table>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{tabular}{r|lllllllllllllllllllllll}\n",
" mage & meduc & monpre & npvis & fage & feduc & bwght & omaps & fmaps & cigs & ... & male & mwhte & mblck & moth & fwhte & fblck & foth & lbwght & magesq & npvissq\\\\\n",
"\\hline\n",
"\t 26 & 12 & 2 & 12 & 34 & 16 & 3060 & 9 & 9 & 0 & ... & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 8.026170 & 676 & 144 \\\\\n",
"\t 29 & 12 & 2 & 12 & 32 & 12 & 3730 & 8 & 9 & NA & ... & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 8.224163 & 841 & 144 \\\\\n",
"\t 33 & 12 & 1 & 12 & 36 & 16 & 2530 & 8 & 9 & 0 & ... & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 7.835975 & 1089 & 144 \\\\\n",
"\t 28 & 17 & 5 & 8 & 32 & 17 & 3289 & 8 & 9 & 0 & ... & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 8.098339 & 784 & 64 \\\\\n",
"\t 23 & 13 & 2 & 6 & 24 & 16 & 3590 & 6 & 8 & 0 & ... & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 8.185907 & 529 & 36 \\\\\n",
"\t 28 & 12 & 1 & 12 & 30 & 16 & 3420 & 9 & 9 & 0 & ... & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 8.137396 & 784 & 144 \\\\\n",
"\\end{tabular}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"\n",
"mage | meduc | monpre | npvis | fage | feduc | bwght | omaps | fmaps | cigs | ... | male | mwhte | mblck | moth | fwhte | fblck | foth | lbwght | magesq | npvissq | \n",
"|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
"| 26 | 12 | 2 | 12 | 34 | 16 | 3060 | 9 | 9 | 0 | ... | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 8.026170 | 676 | 144 | \n",
"| 29 | 12 | 2 | 12 | 32 | 12 | 3730 | 8 | 9 | NA | ... | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8.224163 | 841 | 144 | \n",
"| 33 | 12 | 1 | 12 | 36 | 16 | 2530 | 8 | 9 | 0 | ... | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 7.835975 | 1089 | 144 | \n",
"| 28 | 17 | 5 | 8 | 32 | 17 | 3289 | 8 | 9 | 0 | ... | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8.098339 | 784 | 64 | \n",
"| 23 | 13 | 2 | 6 | 24 | 16 | 3590 | 6 | 8 | 0 | ... | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8.185907 | 529 | 36 | \n",
"| 28 | 12 | 1 | 12 | 30 | 16 | 3420 | 9 | 9 | 0 | ... | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 8.137396 | 784 | 144 | \n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
" mage meduc monpre npvis fage feduc bwght omaps fmaps cigs ... male mwhte\n",
"1 26 12 2 12 34 16 3060 9 9 0 ... 1 0 \n",
"2 29 12 2 12 32 12 3730 8 9 NA ... 0 1 \n",
"3 33 12 1 12 36 16 2530 8 9 0 ... 0 1 \n",
"4 28 17 5 8 32 17 3289 8 9 0 ... 1 1 \n",
"5 23 13 2 6 24 16 3590 6 8 0 ... 1 1 \n",
"6 28 12 1 12 30 16 3420 9 9 0 ... 0 1 \n",
" mblck moth fwhte fblck foth lbwght magesq npvissq\n",
"1 0 1 0 0 1 8.026170 676 144 \n",
"2 0 0 1 0 0 8.224163 841 144 \n",
"3 0 0 1 0 0 7.835975 1089 144 \n",
"4 0 0 1 0 0 8.098339 784 64 \n",
"5 0 0 1 0 0 8.185907 529 36 \n",
"6 0 0 1 0 0 8.137396 784 144 "
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"bwght2 <- data\n",
"head(bwght2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 22,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<table>\n",
"<thead><tr><th scope=col>variable</th><th scope=col>label</th></tr></thead>\n",
"<tbody>\n",
"\t<tr><td>mage </td><td>mother's age, years </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>meduc </td><td>mother's educ, years </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>monpre </td><td>month prenatal care began </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>npvis </td><td>total number of prenatal visits</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>fage </td><td>father's age, years </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>feduc </td><td>father's educ, years </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>bwght </td><td>birth weight, grams </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>omaps </td><td>one minute apgar score </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>fmaps </td><td>five minute apgar score </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>cigs </td><td>avg cigarettes per day </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>drink </td><td>avg drinks per week </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td><span style=white-space:pre-wrap>lbw </span> </td><td><span style=white-space:pre-wrap>=1 if bwght &lt;= 2000 </span></td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td><span style=white-space:pre-wrap>vlbw </span> </td><td><span style=white-space:pre-wrap>=1 if bwght &lt;= 1500 </span></td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>male </td><td>=1 if baby male </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>mwhte </td><td>=1 if mother white </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>mblck </td><td>=1 if mother black </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>moth </td><td>=1 if mother is other </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>fwhte </td><td>=1 if father white </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>fblck </td><td>=1 if father black </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>foth </td><td>=1 if father is other </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>lbwght </td><td>log(bwght) </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>magesq </td><td>mage^2 </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>npvissq </td><td>npvis^2 </td></tr>\n",
"</tbody>\n",
"</table>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{tabular}{r|ll}\n",
" variable & label\\\\\n",
"\\hline\n",
"\t mage & mother's age, years \\\\\n",
"\t meduc & mother's educ, years \\\\\n",
"\t monpre & month prenatal care began \\\\\n",
"\t npvis & total number of prenatal visits\\\\\n",
"\t fage & father's age, years \\\\\n",
"\t feduc & father's educ, years \\\\\n",
"\t bwght & birth weight, grams \\\\\n",
"\t omaps & one minute apgar score \\\\\n",
"\t fmaps & five minute apgar score \\\\\n",
"\t cigs & avg cigarettes per day \\\\\n",
"\t drink & avg drinks per week \\\\\n",
"\t lbw & =1 if bwght <= 2000 \\\\\n",
"\t vlbw & =1 if bwght <= 1500 \\\\\n",
"\t male & =1 if baby male \\\\\n",
"\t mwhte & =1 if mother white \\\\\n",
"\t mblck & =1 if mother black \\\\\n",
"\t moth & =1 if mother is other \\\\\n",
"\t fwhte & =1 if father white \\\\\n",
"\t fblck & =1 if father black \\\\\n",
"\t foth & =1 if father is other \\\\\n",
"\t lbwght & log(bwght) \\\\\n",
"\t magesq & mage\\textasciicircum{}2 \\\\\n",
"\t npvissq & npvis\\textasciicircum{}2 \\\\\n",
"\\end{tabular}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"\n",
"variable | label | \n",
"|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
"| mage | mother's age, years | \n",
"| meduc | mother's educ, years | \n",
"| monpre | month prenatal care began | \n",
"| npvis | total number of prenatal visits | \n",
"| fage | father's age, years | \n",
"| feduc | father's educ, years | \n",
"| bwght | birth weight, grams | \n",
"| omaps | one minute apgar score | \n",
"| fmaps | five minute apgar score | \n",
"| cigs | avg cigarettes per day | \n",
"| drink | avg drinks per week | \n",
"| lbw | =1 if bwght <= 2000 | \n",
"| vlbw | =1 if bwght <= 1500 | \n",
"| male | =1 if baby male | \n",
"| mwhte | =1 if mother white | \n",
"| mblck | =1 if mother black | \n",
"| moth | =1 if mother is other | \n",
"| fwhte | =1 if father white | \n",
"| fblck | =1 if father black | \n",
"| foth | =1 if father is other | \n",
"| lbwght | log(bwght) | \n",
"| magesq | mage^2 | \n",
"| npvissq | npvis^2 | \n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
" variable label \n",
"1 mage mother's age, years \n",
"2 meduc mother's educ, years \n",
"3 monpre month prenatal care began \n",
"4 npvis total number of prenatal visits\n",
"5 fage father's age, years \n",
"6 feduc father's educ, years \n",
"7 bwght birth weight, grams \n",
"8 omaps one minute apgar score \n",
"9 fmaps five minute apgar score \n",
"10 cigs avg cigarettes per day \n",
"11 drink avg drinks per week \n",
"12 lbw =1 if bwght <= 2000 \n",
"13 vlbw =1 if bwght <= 1500 \n",
"14 male =1 if baby male \n",
"15 mwhte =1 if mother white \n",
"16 mblck =1 if mother black \n",
"17 moth =1 if mother is other \n",
"18 fwhte =1 if father white \n",
"19 fblck =1 if father black \n",
"20 foth =1 if father is other \n",
"21 lbwght log(bwght) \n",
"22 magesq mage^2 \n",
"23 npvissq npvis^2 "
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"desc"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 23,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"`stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.\n"
]
},
{
"data": {},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
},
{
"data": {
"image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAA0gAAANICAMAAADKOT/pAAAAOVBMVEUAAAAzMzNNTU1ZWVlo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",
"text/plain": [
"plot without title"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"qplot(bwght2$bwght, geom = 'histogram')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 24,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"`stat_bin()` using `bins = 30`. Pick better value with `binwidth`.\n"
]
},
{
"data": {},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
},
{
"data": {
"image/png": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAA0gAAANICAMAAADKOT/pAAAAOVBMVEUAAAAzMzNNTU1ZWVlo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\nEhBASEAAIQEBhAQE+D+JOzWcn4yrWQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==",
"text/plain": [
"plot without title"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"qplot(log(bwght2$bwght), geom = 'histogram')"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 25,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"# QNS 6"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 26,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<ol class=list-inline>\n",
"\t<li>'data'</li>\n",
"\t<li>'desc'</li>\n",
"\t<li>'self'</li>\n",
"</ol>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{enumerate*}\n",
"\\item 'data'\n",
"\\item 'desc'\n",
"\\item 'self'\n",
"\\end{enumerate*}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"1. 'data'\n",
"2. 'desc'\n",
"3. 'self'\n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
"[1] \"data\" \"desc\" \"self\""
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"\n",
"x <- load(file = 'hprice1.Rdata')\n",
"x"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 27,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<table>\n",
"<thead><tr><th scope=col>price</th><th scope=col>assess</th><th scope=col>bdrms</th><th scope=col>lotsize</th><th scope=col>sqrft</th><th scope=col>colonial</th><th scope=col>lprice</th><th scope=col>lassess</th><th scope=col>llotsize</th><th scope=col>lsqrft</th></tr></thead>\n",
"<tbody>\n",
"\t<tr><td>300.000 </td><td>349.1 </td><td>4 </td><td>6126 </td><td>2438 </td><td>1 </td><td>5.703783</td><td>5.855359</td><td>8.720297</td><td>7.798934</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>370.000 </td><td>351.5 </td><td>3 </td><td>9903 </td><td>2076 </td><td>1 </td><td>5.913503</td><td>5.862210</td><td>9.200593</td><td>7.638198</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>191.000 </td><td>217.7 </td><td>3 </td><td>5200 </td><td>1374 </td><td>0 </td><td>5.252274</td><td>5.383118</td><td>8.556414</td><td>7.225482</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>195.000 </td><td>231.8 </td><td>3 </td><td>4600 </td><td>1448 </td><td>1 </td><td>5.273000</td><td>5.445875</td><td>8.433811</td><td>7.277938</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>373.000 </td><td>319.1 </td><td>4 </td><td>6095 </td><td>2514 </td><td>1 </td><td>5.921578</td><td>5.765504</td><td>8.715224</td><td>7.829630</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>466.275 </td><td>414.5 </td><td>5 </td><td>8566 </td><td>2754 </td><td>1 </td><td>6.144775</td><td>6.027073</td><td>9.055556</td><td>7.920810</td></tr>\n",
"</tbody>\n",
"</table>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{tabular}{r|llllllllll}\n",
" price & assess & bdrms & lotsize & sqrft & colonial & lprice & lassess & llotsize & lsqrft\\\\\n",
"\\hline\n",
"\t 300.000 & 349.1 & 4 & 6126 & 2438 & 1 & 5.703783 & 5.855359 & 8.720297 & 7.798934\\\\\n",
"\t 370.000 & 351.5 & 3 & 9903 & 2076 & 1 & 5.913503 & 5.862210 & 9.200593 & 7.638198\\\\\n",
"\t 191.000 & 217.7 & 3 & 5200 & 1374 & 0 & 5.252274 & 5.383118 & 8.556414 & 7.225482\\\\\n",
"\t 195.000 & 231.8 & 3 & 4600 & 1448 & 1 & 5.273000 & 5.445875 & 8.433811 & 7.277938\\\\\n",
"\t 373.000 & 319.1 & 4 & 6095 & 2514 & 1 & 5.921578 & 5.765504 & 8.715224 & 7.829630\\\\\n",
"\t 466.275 & 414.5 & 5 & 8566 & 2754 & 1 & 6.144775 & 6.027073 & 9.055556 & 7.920810\\\\\n",
"\\end{tabular}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"\n",
"price | assess | bdrms | lotsize | sqrft | colonial | lprice | lassess | llotsize | lsqrft | \n",
"|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
"| 300.000 | 349.1 | 4 | 6126 | 2438 | 1 | 5.703783 | 5.855359 | 8.720297 | 7.798934 | \n",
"| 370.000 | 351.5 | 3 | 9903 | 2076 | 1 | 5.913503 | 5.862210 | 9.200593 | 7.638198 | \n",
"| 191.000 | 217.7 | 3 | 5200 | 1374 | 0 | 5.252274 | 5.383118 | 8.556414 | 7.225482 | \n",
"| 195.000 | 231.8 | 3 | 4600 | 1448 | 1 | 5.273000 | 5.445875 | 8.433811 | 7.277938 | \n",
"| 373.000 | 319.1 | 4 | 6095 | 2514 | 1 | 5.921578 | 5.765504 | 8.715224 | 7.829630 | \n",
"| 466.275 | 414.5 | 5 | 8566 | 2754 | 1 | 6.144775 | 6.027073 | 9.055556 | 7.920810 | \n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
" price assess bdrms lotsize sqrft colonial lprice lassess llotsize\n",
"1 300.000 349.1 4 6126 2438 1 5.703783 5.855359 8.720297\n",
"2 370.000 351.5 3 9903 2076 1 5.913503 5.862210 9.200593\n",
"3 191.000 217.7 3 5200 1374 0 5.252274 5.383118 8.556414\n",
"4 195.000 231.8 3 4600 1448 1 5.273000 5.445875 8.433811\n",
"5 373.000 319.1 4 6095 2514 1 5.921578 5.765504 8.715224\n",
"6 466.275 414.5 5 8566 2754 1 6.144775 6.027073 9.055556\n",
" lsqrft \n",
"1 7.798934\n",
"2 7.638198\n",
"3 7.225482\n",
"4 7.277938\n",
"5 7.829630\n",
"6 7.920810"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"hprice1 <- data\n",
"head(hprice1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 28,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"<table>\n",
"<thead><tr><th scope=col>variable</th><th scope=col>label</th></tr></thead>\n",
"<tbody>\n",
"\t<tr><td>price </td><td>house price, $1000s </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>assess </td><td>assessed value, $1000s </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>bdrms </td><td>number of bdrms </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>lotsize </td><td>size of lot in square feet </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>sqrft </td><td>size of house in square feet</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>colonial </td><td>=1 if home is colonial style</td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>lprice </td><td>log(price) </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>lassess </td><td>log(assess </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>llotsize </td><td>log(lotsize) </td></tr>\n",
"\t<tr><td>lsqrft </td><td>log(sqrft) </td></tr>\n",
"</tbody>\n",
"</table>\n"
],
"text/latex": [
"\\begin{tabular}{r|ll}\n",
" variable & label\\\\\n",
"\\hline\n",
"\t price & house price, \\$1000s \\\\\n",
"\t assess & assessed value, \\$1000s \\\\\n",
"\t bdrms & number of bdrms \\\\\n",
"\t lotsize & size of lot in square feet \\\\\n",
"\t sqrft & size of house in square feet\\\\\n",
"\t colonial & =1 if home is colonial style\\\\\n",
"\t lprice & log(price) \\\\\n",
"\t lassess & log(assess \\\\\n",
"\t llotsize & log(lotsize) \\\\\n",
"\t lsqrft & log(sqrft) \\\\\n",
"\\end{tabular}\n"
],
"text/markdown": [
"\n",
"variable | label | \n",
"|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|\n",
"| price | house price, $1000s | \n",
"| assess | assessed value, $1000s | \n",
"| bdrms | number of bdrms | \n",
"| lotsize | size of lot in square feet | \n",
"| sqrft | size of house in square feet | \n",
"| colonial | =1 if home is colonial style | \n",
"| lprice | log(price) | \n",
"| lassess | log(assess | \n",
"| llotsize | log(lotsize) | \n",
"| lsqrft | log(sqrft) | \n",
"\n",
"\n"
],
"text/plain": [
" variable label \n",
"1 price house price, $1000s \n",
"2 assess assessed value, $1000s \n",
"3 bdrms number of bdrms \n",
"4 lotsize size of lot in square feet \n",
"5 sqrft size of house in square feet\n",
"6 colonial =1 if home is colonial style\n",
"7 lprice log(price) \n",
"8 lassess log(assess \n",
"9 llotsize log(lotsize) \n",
"10 lsqrft log(sqrft) "
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"desc"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 29,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/html": [
"FALSE"
],
"text/latex": [
"FALSE"
],
"text/markdown": [
"FALSE"
],
"text/plain": [
"[1] FALSE"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"any(is.na(hprice1))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 30,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\n",
"Call:\n",
"lm(formula = price ~ lotsize + sqrft + bdrms, data = hprice1)\n",
"\n",
"Residuals:\n",
" Min 1Q Median 3Q Max \n",
"-120.026 -38.530 -6.555 32.323 209.376 \n",
"\n",
"Coefficients:\n",
" Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) \n",
"(Intercept) -2.177e+01 2.948e+01 -0.739 0.46221 \n",
"lotsize 2.068e-03 6.421e-04 3.220 0.00182 ** \n",
"sqrft 1.228e-01 1.324e-02 9.275 1.66e-14 ***\n",
"bdrms 1.385e+01 9.010e+00 1.537 0.12795 \n",
"---\n",
"Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n",
"\n",
"Residual standard error: 59.83 on 84 degrees of freedom\n",
"Multiple R-squared: 0.6724,\tAdjusted R-squared: 0.6607 \n",
"F-statistic: 57.46 on 3 and 84 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16\n"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"## non-robust\n",
"fit1 <- lm(data = hprice1, price ~ lotsize + sqrft + bdrms)\n",
"summary(fit1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 31,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\n",
"Call:\n",
"lm(formula = lprice ~ llotsize + lsqrft + bdrms, data = hprice1)\n",
"\n",
"Residuals:\n",
" Min 1Q Median 3Q Max \n",
"-0.68422 -0.09178 -0.01584 0.11213 0.66899 \n",
"\n",
"Coefficients:\n",
" Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) \n",
"(Intercept) -1.29704 0.65128 -1.992 0.0497 * \n",
"llotsize 0.16797 0.03828 4.388 3.31e-05 ***\n",
"lsqrft 0.70023 0.09287 7.540 5.01e-11 ***\n",
"bdrms 0.03696 0.02753 1.342 0.1831 \n",
"---\n",
"Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n",
"\n",
"Residual standard error: 0.1846 on 84 degrees of freedom\n",
"Multiple R-squared: 0.643,\tAdjusted R-squared: 0.6302 \n",
"F-statistic: 50.42 on 3 and 84 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16\n"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"## non-robust\n",
"fit2 <- lm(data = hprice1, lprice ~ llotsize + lsqrft + bdrms)\n",
"summary(fit2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 32,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Loading required package: bitops\n"
]
}
],
"source": [
"## Package to generate Robust SE\n",
"\n",
"library(RCurl)\n",
"\n",
"url_robust <- \"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/IsidoreBeautrelet/economictheoryblog/master/robust_summary.R\"\n",
"eval(parse(text = getURL(url_robust, ssl.verifypeer = FALSE)),\n",
" envir=.GlobalEnv)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 33,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\n",
"Call:\n",
"lm(formula = price ~ lotsize + sqrft + bdrms, data = hprice1)\n",
"\n",
"Residuals:\n",
" Min 1Q Median 3Q Max \n",
"-120.026 -38.530 -6.555 32.323 209.376 \n",
"\n",
"Coefficients:\n",
" Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) \n",
"(Intercept) -21.770308 37.138211 -0.586 0.559 \n",
"lotsize 0.002068 0.001251 1.652 0.102 \n",
"sqrft 0.122778 0.017725 6.927 8.1e-10 ***\n",
"bdrms 13.852522 8.478625 1.634 0.106 \n",
"---\n",
"Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n",
"\n",
"Residual standard error: 59.83 on 84 degrees of freedom\n",
"Multiple R-squared: 0.6724,\tAdjusted R-squared: 0.6607 \n",
"F-statistic: 24.85 on 3 and 84 DF, p-value: 1.328e-11\n"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"## robust\n",
"fit1 <- lm(data = hprice1, price ~ lotsize + sqrft + bdrms)\n",
"summary(fit1, robust = T)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 34,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\n",
"Call:\n",
"lm(formula = lprice ~ llotsize + lsqrft + bdrms, data = hprice1)\n",
"\n",
"Residuals:\n",
" Min 1Q Median 3Q Max \n",
"-0.68422 -0.09178 -0.01584 0.11213 0.66899 \n",
"\n",
"Coefficients:\n",
" Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|) \n",
"(Intercept) -1.29704 0.78131 -1.660 0.100628 \n",
"llotsize 0.16797 0.04147 4.050 0.000114 ***\n",
"lsqrft 0.70023 0.10383 6.744 1.83e-09 ***\n",
"bdrms 0.03696 0.03060 1.208 0.230534 \n",
"---\n",
"Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1\n",
"\n",
"Residual standard error: 0.1846 on 84 degrees of freedom\n",
"Multiple R-squared: 0.643,\tAdjusted R-squared: 0.6302 \n",
"F-statistic: 51.67 on 3 and 84 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16\n"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"## robust\n",
"rfit2 <- lm(data = hprice1, lprice ~ llotsize + lsqrft + bdrms)\n",
"summary(rfit2, robust = T)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": 35,
"metadata": {},
"outputs": [
{
"name": "stderr",
"output_type": "stream",
"text": [
"Warning message:\n",
"\"package 'lmtest' was built under R version 3.4.2\"Loading required package: zoo\n",
"Warning message:\n",
"\"package 'zoo' was built under R version 3.4.2\"\n",
"Attaching package: 'zoo'\n",
"\n",
"The following objects are masked from 'package:base':\n",
"\n",
" as.Date, as.Date.numeric\n",
"\n",
"\n",
"Attaching package: 'lmtest'\n",
"\n",
"The following object is masked from 'package:RCurl':\n",
"\n",
" reset\n",
"\n"
]
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\n",
"\tstudentized Breusch-Pagan test\n",
"\n",
"data: fit1\n",
"BP = 14.092, df = 3, p-value = 0.002782\n"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
},
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"\n",
"\tstudentized Breusch-Pagan test\n",
"\n",
"data: fit2\n",
"BP = 4.2232, df = 3, p-value = 0.2383\n"
]
},
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "display_data"
}
],
"source": [
"library(lmtest)\n",
"\n",
" # Breusch-Pagan test\n",
"lmtest::bptest(fit1)\n",
"lmtest::bptest(fit2)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
}
],
"metadata": {
"kernelspec": {
"display_name": "R",
"language": "R",
"name": "ir"
},
"language_info": {
"codemirror_mode": "r",
"file_extension": ".r",
"mimetype": "text/x-r-source",
"name": "R",
"pygments_lexer": "r",
"version": "3.4.1"
}
},
"nbformat": 4,
"nbformat_minor": 2
}
Sign up for free to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment