ExpressivePi.cpp

// Expressive Pi
// -------------
//
// Fluent C++ Blog Post: The Pi Day Challenge for Expressive Code
// http://www.fluentcpp.com/2017/03/02/the-pi-day-challenge-for-expressive-code-in-c/
//
// Author: William Killian
// Email:  [email protected]
// Github: http://www.github.com/willkill07
// Website: https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~wkillian
//
// ================================================================================
//
// Copyright 2017 William Killian
//
// Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification,
// are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
//
// 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
//    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
//
// 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
//    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
//    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
//
// THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
// ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
// WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
// IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT,
// INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
// NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
// PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
// WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
// ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
// POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

// Notes:
//  - requires a C++1z compiler with support for WG21 P0184 (http://wg21.link/P0184)
//  - This was my first time using Range-V3 (https://github.com/ericniebler/range-v3)
//  - I thought the most expressive way to solve this problem was to:
//     1. Eliminate functions from doing more than one thing
//     2. Eliminate confusing chains of expressions as a single line of code
//        * In general, breaking up expressions is perfectly valid, and the compiler
//          often sees no difference (and sometimes it even helps!)
//     3. Give sensible variable names to avoid any potential confusion
//     4. Use const wherever data does not need mutated

#include <array>
#include <random>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <range/v3/all.hpp>

using RealType = double;
using RandomNumberGenerator = std::mt19937;
using Distribution = std::uniform_real_distribution<RealType>;
using DistributionParams = typename Distribution::param_type;
using Point = std::array<RealType, 2>;

auto generatePoint(RealType radius) {
  static RandomNumberGenerator rng(std::random_device{}());
  static Distribution dist;
  dist.param(DistributionParams{-radius, std::nexttoward(radius, 2 * radius)});
  return [radius] {
    return Point{{dist(rng), dist(rng)}};
  };
}

auto checkWithinCircle(RealType radius) {
  return [radius] (const Point &p) noexcept -> bool {
    return std::hypot(std::get<0>(p), std::get<1>(p)) <= radius;
  };
}

int pow10(int raised) {
  return std::pow(10, raised);
}

int main() {
  const auto RADIUS_SIZES  = ranges::view::ints(0, 10) | ranges::view::transform(pow10);
  const auto POINTS_COUNT  = ranges::view::ints(0, 8) | ranges::view::transform(pow10);
  for (int radius : RADIUS_SIZES) {
    for (int points : POINTS_COUNT) {
      auto GENERATED_POINTS      = ranges::view::generate_n(generatePoint(radius), points);
      const int POINTS_IN_CIRCLE = ranges::count_if(GENERATED_POINTS, checkWithinCircle(radius));
      const RealType MY_PI       = 4.0 * static_cast<RealType>(POINTS_IN_CIRCLE) / points;
      const RealType PI_ERROR    = std::abs(MY_PI - M_PI);
      printf(" %0.6lf", PI_ERROR);
    }
    putchar('\n');
  }
  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Makefile

CXX := /usr/local/opt/llvm/bin/clang++
CXXFLAGS := -O3 -march=native -std=c++1z -Wall -Wextra -pedantic-errors
CPPFLAGS := -I/opt/range-v3/include

.PHONY: all

all : ExpressivePi