scope.pl

my $outer = "outer";

if (1) {
    print $outer . "\n";
    my $inner = "inner";
}

print $inner . "\n";

__END__
outer

scope.py

outer = "outer"
if True:
    print outer
    inner = "inner"

print inner

"""
outer
inner
"""

scope.rb

outer = "outer"
if true
  puts outer
  inner = "inner"
end

puts inner

# outer
# inner

scope2.pl

my $outer = "outer";

sub func {
    print $outer . "\n";
    my $inner = "inner";
}

func();
print $inner . "\n";

__END__
outer

scope2.py

outer = "outer"

def func():
    print outer
    inner = "inner"

func()
print inner

"""                                                                                                                     
outer                                                                                                                   
Traceback (most recent call last):                                                                                      
  File "func.py", line 8, in <module>                                                                                   
    print inner                                                                                                         
NameError: name 'inner' is not defined                                                                                  
"""

scope2.rb

outer = "outer"

def func()
    puts outer      # <= undefined local variable or method `outer' for main:Object (NameError)                         
    inner = "inner"
end

func()
puts inner # <= undefined local variable or method `inner' for main:Object (NameError)