Gentoo cross compilation instructions (crossdev -> stage3)

gentoo-crossdev.md

Cross instructions

These instructions cover:

1. building a cross toolchain
2. populating the new ROOT
3. making it chrootable using qemu-user to easily run "native" builds or tests (this is like a stage3 at the end)

You do not need to follow through to the end if you don't need a stage3-like root.

Set up the toolchain

$ crossdev riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu

Avoid dependency hell and populate the ROOT

Emerge sys-libs/glibc (no, @system / @world won't make it realise it can/should do this, don't ask why, I don't know):

$ riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-emerge -v1 sys-libs/glibc
$ riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-emerge -v1 @system

There's now already a bunch of things in /usr/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu but we want to make it useful to chroot into and do things.

Profile setup

Choosing profile

Run: PORTAGE_CONFIGROOT=/usr/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu eselect profile list

Pick a nice looking one, like default/linux/riscv/20.0/rv64gc/lp64.

$ PORTAGE_CONFIGROOT=/usr/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu eselect profile set default/linux/riscv/20.0/rv64gc/lp64

Avoid circular deps

$ USE="-filecaps" riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-emerge -v1 @system

Chroot in

Set up QEMU

In /etc/portage/package.use/qemu, put:

app-emulation/qemu static-user # optional but makes life easier
*/* QEMU_USER_TARGETS: riscv32 riscv64

Then emerge -v app-emulation/qemu

binfmt

See https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Embedded_Handbook/General/Compiling_with_qemu_user_chroot.

1. Set up binfmt appropriately for riscv64 (TODO: explain how, but wiki link above covers it pretty much)
2. cp /usr/bin/qemu-riscv64 /usr/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu/usr/bin/

Do it!

1. chroot in to /usr/riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu using your preferred method
2. update /etc/portage/make.conf to drop ROOT, PORTAGE_TMPDIR, PKG_CONFIG_DIR
3. emerge -a -uvDU @world (may need to do @system first)

对于 binfmt，还要参考 https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Crossdev/Testing_packages_via_qemu 设置 LD_PREFIX 和 LD_LIBRARY_PATH。

crossdev 建立的文件夹默认使用 split-usr 结构，要转换成 merge-usr 结构：

mkdir /usr/mips64el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64/bin
merge-usr --root /usr/mips64el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64

要交叉编译 mesa，需要补充软链接：

ln -s /usr/mips64el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64/usr/lib/llvm/19/bin/mips64el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64-llvm-config \
  /usr/lib/llvm/19/bin/mips64el-unknown-linux-gnuabi64-llvm-config

并使用 binfmt。